GB/T 23417-2024 飞机除冰防冰车

ICS49.100

CCSV56

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T23417—2024

代替GB/T23417—2009

飞机除冰防冰车

Aircraftde⁃icingandanti⁃icingvehicles

2024⁃08⁃23发布2024⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T23417—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································2

4分类·······················································································································3

5技术要求·················································································································3

5.1一般要求···········································································································3

5.2安全要求···········································································································4

5.3结构安全系数·····································································································6

5.4稳定性··············································································································6

5.5机动性能···········································································································6

5.6作业性能···········································································································7

5.7外部照明及光信号装置························································································10

5.8可靠性·············································································································10

5.9环境适应性·······································································································11

5.10环保要求········································································································11

6试验方法···············································································································12

6.1试验前的准备····································································································12

6.2一般要求··········································································································12

6.3安全要求··········································································································12

6.4结构安全系数····································································································13

6.5稳定性·············································································································13

6.6机动性能··········································································································14

6.7作业性能··········································································································15

6.8外部照明及光信号装置························································································17

6.9可靠性·············································································································17

6.10环境适应性·····································································································17

6.11环保要求········································································································18

7检验规则···············································································································18

7.1检验分类··········································································································18

7.2出厂检验··········································································································18

7.3合格性检验·······································································································19

8标牌、标识、使用说明书·····························································································19

Ⅰ

GB/T23417—2024

8.1标牌················································································································19

8.2标识················································································································20

8.3使用说明书·······································································································20

9包装、运输及贮存·····································································································20

9.1包装················································································································20

9.2运输················································································································20

9.3贮存················································································································20

附录A（规范性）电动式除冰车专用安全要求和试验方法····················································21

A.1安全要求·········································································································21

A.2试验方法·········································································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T23417—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T23417—2009《自行式飞机除冰防冰车功能要求》，与GB/T23417—2009相比，

除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了适用范围（见第1章，2009年版的第1章）；

b）增加了“术语和定义”（见第3章）；

c）增加了“分类”（见第4章）；

d）更改了“一般要求”及其试验方法（见5.1、6.2、2009年版的第3章）；

e）增加了“安全要求”及其试验方法（见5.2、6.3）；

f）增加了“结构安全系数”要求及其试验方法（见5.3、6.4）；

g）增加了“稳定性”要求及其试验方法（见5.4、6.5）；

h）增加了“机动性能”要求及其试验方法（见5.5、6.6）；

i）增加了“作业性能”要求及其试验方法（见5.6、6.7）；

j）增加了“外部照明及光信号装置”要求及其试验方法（见5.7、6.8）；

k）增加了“可靠性”要求及其试验方法（见5.8、6.9）；

l）增加了“淋雨”要求及其试验方法（见5.9.1、6.10.1）；

m）增加了“涉水”要求及其试验方法（见5.9.2、6.10.2）；

n）更改了环境适应性中湿热要求的相对湿度要求、增加了温度要求及其试验方法（见5.9.5，

6.10.5，2009年版的3.3.9）；

o）增加了“电磁兼容”要求及其试验方法（见5.9.6、6.10.6）；

p）增加了“环保要求”及其试验方法（见5.10、6.11）；

q）增加了“检验规则”（见第7章）；

r）增加了“标牌、标识、使用说明书”的要求（见第8章）；

s）增加了“包装、运输及贮存”的要求（见第9章）；

t）增加了规范性附录“电动式除冰车专用安全要求和试验方法”（见附录A）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国民用航空局提出。

本文件由全国航空运输标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC464）归口。

本文件起草单位：中机科（北京）车辆检测工程研究院有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：王敏、高超、贾佳奇、蒋建阳、陈迎浩、刘怡洋。

本文件及其所替代文件的历次发布情况为：

——2009年首次发布为GB/T23417—2009；

——本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T23417—2024

飞机除冰防冰车

1范围

本文件规定了飞机除冰防冰车（以下简称“除冰车”）的分类，技术要求，试验方法，检验规则，标牌、

标识、使用说明书，包装、运输及贮存。

本文件适用于民用机场区域内使用的配有除冰液、防冰液喷洒系统，具有加热或吹雪功能的自行

式臂架高空作业飞机除冰防冰车的设计、制造、检验。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB1495—2002汽车加速行驶车外噪声限值及测量方法

GB1589—2016汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值

GB/T2408塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法

GB/T2423.1电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验A：低温

GB/T2423.2电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验B：高温

GB/T2423.3环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Cab：恒定湿热试验

GB2893安全色

GB/T3766液压传动系统及其元件的通用规则和安全要求

GB3847柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法（自由加速法及加载减速法）

GB/T4094.2电动汽车操纵件、指示器及信号装置的标志

GB/T4208外壳防护等级（IP代码）

GB7258—2017机动车运行安全技术条件

GB/T7593机动工业车辆驾驶员控制装置及其他显示装置用符号

GB/T7935液压元件通用技术条件

GB/T9969工业产品使用说明书总则

GB/T12536汽车滑行试验方法

GB/T12543汽车加速性能试验方法

GB/T12544汽车最高车速试验方法

GB/T12547汽车最低稳定车速试验方法

GB/T12673

汽车主要尺寸测量方法

GB/T12674汽车质量（重量）参数测定方法

GB/T12678汽车可靠性行驶试验方法

GB/T14436工业产品保证文件总则

GB17691—2018重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）

GB18384电动汽车安全要求

1

GB/T23417—2024

GB/T18387电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法

GB/T18488.1电动汽车用用驱动电机系统第1部分：技术条件

GB/T19836电动汽车仪表

GB/T20234.1电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第1部分：通用要求

GB/T20234.2电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第2部分：交流充电接口

GB/T20234.3电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第3部分：直流充电接口

GB20891非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第三、四阶段）

GB/T27930非车载传导式充电机与电动汽车之间的数字通信协议

GB/T32960.3电动汽车远程服务与管理系统技术规范第3部分：通信协议及数据格式

GB34660道路车辆电磁兼容性要求和试验方法

GB38031电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求

GB/T38775.1电动汽车无线充电系统要求第1部分：通用条件

JB/T5943—2018工程机械焊接件通用技术要求

JT/T1461客车锂离子动力蓄电池箱火灾防控装置配置要求

MH/T0023航空器地面服务设备用图形符号

MH/T6012—2015航空障碍灯

QC/T413—2002汽车电气设备基本技术条件

QC/T484—1999汽车油漆涂层

QC/T625汽车用涂镀层和化学处理层

ISO11078飞机除冰/防冰液ISO类型Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ（Aircraft—De⁃icing/anti⁃icingfluids—ISO

typesⅡ，ⅢandⅣ）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

飞机除冰防冰车aircraftde⁃icingandanti⁃icingvehicles

除冰车

用于对飞机表面进行除去冰、霜、雪和防止再结冰、霜及积雪作业的专用设备。

3.2

臂架boom

用于高空作业装置举升、回转、伸缩的机构。

注：按功能不同分为举升臂、伸缩臂、折叠臂。

3.3

举升臂liftingboom

通过幅度变化与旋转，改变作业高度和位置的臂架。

3.4

伸缩臂telescopicboom

通过伸缩变化，改变作业高度和位置的臂架。

3.5

折叠臂foldingboom

通过折叠变化，改变作业高度和位置的臂架。

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GB/T23417—2024

3.6

高空作业装置aerialworkingequipment

设置于臂架顶端，用于承载操作员对飞机表面进行除/防冰作业的装置。

注：包括封闭式工作舱（以下简称“吊舱”），或一个开放式工作篮（以下简称“吊篮”）。

3.7

射程range

在额定压力、额定流量、风速小于2m/s的条件下，沿顺风方向，除/防冰液喷枪出口的铅垂线与地

面交点至最远喷洒点的距离。

3.8

可充电储能系统rechargeableelectricalenergystoragesystem

储能系统

可充电的且能够提供电能的能量存储系统。

3.9

操作员operator

在高空作业装置中对飞机实施除冰、防冰作业的人员。

3.10

驾驶员driver

在飞机除冰车驾驶室驾驶除冰车的人员。

4分类

根据动力源的不同，除冰车分为以下三类。

a）内燃式：行驶、除冰作业、防冰作业和除冰液加热等均采用燃油发动机提供动力的除冰车。

b）电动式：行驶、除冰作业、防冰作业和除冰液加热等均采用可充电储能系统提供动力的除

冰车。

c）组合式：行驶、除冰作业、防冰作业和除冰液加热等采用组合式动力源（包括燃油、可充电储能

系统和市电）提供动力的除冰车。

5技术要求

5.1一般要求

5.1.1外观

5.1.1.1外表面不应有锐边、尖角，所有锐边和尖角均应倒角或倒圆。

5.1.1.2外表面油漆涂层应符合QC/T484—1999中2.2的规定。

5.1.1.3零部件的涂镀层和化学处理层应符合QC/T625的规定。

5.1.1.4结构件的焊接应符合JB/T5943—2018中3.4.6的规定。

5.1.1.5操作、维修保养、测试部位及换件通道应有足够的操作空间。

5.1.1.6应无漏油、漏液、漏气现象。

5.1.2管路、线路及外购件

5.1.2.1主要外购件应具备出厂合格证。

5.1.2.2油路、气路、液路系统管路及电气元器件和线束的安装应排列整齐、夹持牢固，不应与运动部

3

GB/T23417—2024

件发生摩擦或干涉。

5.1.2.3电气设备各导线端子应有不易脱落的明显标识。

5.1.2.4附属电气设备应符合QC/T413—2002中3.1的规定。

5.1.2.5接触除冰液的零部件均应采用防腐蚀材料制作。

5.2安全要求

5.2.1基本要求

5.2.1.1应在车架上配备至少一个8kg的干粉灭火器，在高空作业装置内配备至少一个4kg的干粉

灭火器，灭火器安装位置应便于存取。

5.2.1.2应在明显位置设置符合MH/T6012—2015中5.3.1.2和5.3.1.3规定的C型低光强航空障

碍灯。

5.2.1.3操作员行走步道宽度应不小于400mm。

5.2.1.4操作员的工作区域和人行步道应设有安全防护装置，该装置不应妨碍举升臂旋转作业。

5.2.1.5所有踏板（步）和平台等工作人员行走部位表面应防滑、防渗且采取自排水型措施。

5.2.1.6整车应具有助力转向功能，在无动力被牵引时，应便于转向。

5.2.1.7设置电源切断开关，防止未授权人员启动除冰车。

5.2.1.8在驾驶员方便操作的位置应设置一个手动切断动力电源的主开关。

5.2.1.9应在液罐和管路上可能造成严重泄漏的地方设置隔离开关阀。

5.2.1.10当制动信号和加速信号同时出现时，整车控制系统应优先响应制动信号。

5.2.1.11应设置换向保护装置，确保在改变驱动方向时，只有除冰车停稳后，才能够实现换向。

5.2.1.12除冰车应装有能发出清晰声响的倒车警示装置。

5.2.1.13应配备事件数据记录系统（EDR）或车载视频行驶记录装置。

5.2.1.14报警和提示应符合GB/T19836和GB/T4094.2的要求。

5.2.1.15高空作业装置最高处应设置风速测量仪，当风速超过设计风速限值时，高空作业装置和驾驶

室内应有声光报警信号，且距离操作员和驾驶员耳边报警声应不小于90dB（A）。

5.2.2应急系统

5.2.2.1应设置便于操作的应急系统，在系统故障或发动机停机情况下，通过操作应急系统，能完全收

回高空作业装置并使操作员安全脱离。

5.2.2.2应在高空作业装置内、驾驶室和地面可接近的位置安装急停按钮，按下急停按钮，应能使所有

的臂架运动停止和动力源立即关闭，通信、照明、车辆制动和消防等功能均能正常使用。

5.2.2.3设置用于拖曳的具备防脱装置的牵引钩或其他用于固定绳索的装置，以便在主动力、控制系统

失灵时、储能系统电量不足时或灾害事故发生后将除冰车移走，前后至少各安装一个。高空作业装置

在任何作业位置时，均能够将除冰车移走。

5.2.2.4设置手动应急装置，当设备出现故障或储能系统电量不足时，可以解除制动系统，收回作业装

置和撑脚。

5.2.3除冰防冰液输送系统

5.2.3.1除冰防冰液体输送系统的设计应符合ISO11078除冰防冰液的相关规定。

5.2.3.2应选用工作状态自适应型的液泵，以最大限度地降低除冰防冰液性能下降的风险。

5.2.3.3除冰车应具有按比例混合液体或使用预混合液体的功能。

4

GB/T23417—2024

5.2.4液压系统

5.2.4.1除冰车液压系统应符合GB/T3766的规定，液压元件应符合GB/T7935的规定。

5.2.4.2应设置防止臂架和高空作业装置意外下降的安全防护装置。

5.2.4.3应设置防止过载和液压冲击的安全吸能装置，安全溢流阀的调定压力应不大于系统额定压力

的1.1倍。

5.2.5电气系统

5.2.5.1电气线路与燃油箱外表面及燃油管之间的距离应不小于200mm。电气系统应设置安全保护

装置。应在整车启动线路中设置电源开关。

5.2.5.2驾驶室内的电控箱、控制元器件、电气连接件应不受雨水影响，安装位置应与驾驶室易进水部

位进行有效隔离。

5.2.5.3置于驾驶室外的电器箱（罩壳）、控制元器件和电气连接件防护等级应不低于IP65。

5.2.6底盘

5.2.6.1底盘厢体表面应平整牢固，门板及门闩应平面安装并且安全可靠，以适应慢车除冰防冰作业。

5.2.6.2底盘应使用泥/