GB/T 44371-2024 临界弯曲直径测量 液氮温区Bi-2223超导带材的临界弯曲直径测量

ICS

29.050；77.040.01

CCS

H62；H21

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44371—2024

临界弯曲直径测量

液氮温区Bi-2223超导带材的

临界弯曲直径测量

Criticalbendingdiametermeasurement—

CriticalbendingdiametermeasurementofBi-2223

superconductingwiresinliquidnitrogentemperature

2024-08-23发布2025-03-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T44371—2024

目次

前言

Ⅲ

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引言

Ⅳ

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1

范围

1

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2

规范性引用文件

1

······················································································

3

术语和定义

1

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4

原理

2

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5

测量装置

2

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5.1

概述

2

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5.2

测量组件

2

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5.3

U﹘I特性测量系统

3

··············································································

6

样品准备和安装

3

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6.1

样品尺寸要求

3

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6.2

样品的安装

4

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7

测量步骤

4

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7.1

初始临界电流测量

4

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7.2

弯曲状态下临界电流测量

4

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7.3

临界弯曲直径测定

5

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7.4

多次冷热循环的影响（可选）

5

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8

结果计算

5

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8.1

临界电流计算

5

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8.2

n﹘值计算（可选）

6

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8.3

临界弯曲直径计算

6

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8.4

测量不确定度

6

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9

测量报告

7

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9.1

被测样品详情

7

····················································································

9.2

测量条件

7

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9.4

多次冷热循环对I的影响（可选）

7

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c

9.5

其他信息

7

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附录A（资料性）一种临界弯曲直径测量组件及其使用示例

8

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附录B（资料性）不确定度评定

13

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参考文献

17

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Ⅰ

GB/T44371—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国科学院提出。

本文件由全国超导标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC265）归口。

本文件起草单位：中国科学院电工研究所、中国科学院物理研究所、中国科学院合肥物质科学研究

院、清华大学、华中科技大学、华北电力大学、苏州新材料研究所有限公司、广东电网有限责任公司、

上海电缆研究所有限公司、中国电力科学研究院有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：张国民、张东、杜晓纪、靖立伟、史越、杨立红、顾晨、郑金星、石晶、

皮伟、王玉山、宋萌、宗曦华、丘明、吴奕龙、贾士奇。

Ⅲ

GB/T44371—2024

引言

高温超导体在超导电力、超导磁体、超导磁悬浮等多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前，实用高温

超导材料主要为Bi系和Y系。其中，Bi﹘2223带材具备良好超导性能且能制备成长带，是第一代实用高

温超导带材。在高场磁体、超导电缆、超导变压器等应用装置中，超导带材均需要绕制成线圈或者螺旋

通电导体形式，不可避免地发生弯曲。高温超导体为陶瓷氧化物材料，机械性能较差，弯曲会导致超导

带材临界电流下降。超导带材存在临界弯曲直径，当弯曲直径小于临界弯曲直径时，其临界电流大幅下

降（如下降到初始值的95%或更低）。所以，在超导装置设计中需要确定临界弯曲直径的大小。

目前，虽然对高温超导体的临界电流建立了一些测量标准，如GB/T18502—2018和

GB/T42472—2023,但对于高温超导带材的临界弯曲直径的测量尚无标准。

本文件基于现有临界电流测量标准，描述液氮温区Bi﹘2223带材的临界弯曲直径的测量方法，为超

导应用工程技术人员提供指导。

Ⅳ

GB/T44371—2024

临界弯曲直径测量

液氮温区Bi-2223超导带材的

临界弯曲直径测量

1范围

本文件描述了在液氮温区Bi﹘2223超导带材临界弯曲直径的测量方法。

本文件适用于矩形截面、银/银合金包套且带材临界电流小于300A(77K,自场,1μV/cm)的Bi﹘

2223超导带材样品。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

GB/T2900.100—2017电工术语

超导电性

GB/T18502—2018临界电流测量

银和/或银合金包套Bi﹘2212和Bi﹘2223氧化物超导体的直流临

界电流

GB/T42472—2023临界电流测量

银包套Bi﹘2223超导线室温双弯曲后的保留临界电流

3术语和定义

GB/T2900.100—2017和GB/T18502—2018界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

临界电流criticalcurrent

I

c

在超导体中，可视为几乎是无阻流动的最大直流电流。

注：I是磁场强度和温度的函数。

c

[来源：GB/T2900.100—2017,815﹘12﹘01]

3.2

临界电流判据criticalcurrentcriterion

I判据Icriterion

cc

根据电场强度E或电阻率ρ确定临界电流Ic的判据。

注：常用的电场判据为E=10μV/m或E=100μV/m，电阻率判据为ρ=10-14Ω·m或ρ=10-13

Ω·m。

[来源：GB/T2900.100—2017,815﹘12﹘02]

3.3

n-值（超导体）

n-value(ofasuperconductor)

n

在特定的电场强度和电阻率区间，超导体的电压﹘电流曲线U(I)可近似表示为U∝In，其中I的幂指

数就是超导体的n﹘值。

注：对于氧化物高温超导体，U∝In方程不适用于宽的电压区间。

1