GB/T 44953-2024 雷电灾害调查技术规范

ICS07.060

CCSA47

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44953—2024

雷电灾害调查技术规范

Technicalspecificationforlightningdisasterinvestigation

2024⁃11⁃28发布2025⁃03⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T44953—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4调查流程·················································································································1

5调查内容·················································································································2

6分析鉴定·················································································································3

7调查报告编制···········································································································4

8评价与改进··············································································································5

附录A（资料性）雷电灾害现场调查表样式········································································6

附录B（资料性）雷击熔痕和人体伤害症状········································································7

附录C（资料性）雷电灾害损失统计·················································································8

附录D（规范性）雷电灾害等级·······················································································9

附录E（资料性）雷电灾害调查报告提纲样式····································································10

参考文献····················································································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T44953—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国气象局提出。

本文件由全国气象防灾减灾标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC345）归口。

本文件起草单位：安徽省气象灾害防御技术中心、中国人民解放军31010部队、杭州天湖智能科技

有限公司、国家气象中心、中科天际科技股份有限公司、南京气象科技创新研究院、安徽省黄山气象管

理处、安徽省气象局财务核算中心、河北省信息工程学校、北京市气象探测中心、安徽师范大学、安徽华

云气象灾害风险评估中心、安徽升辉检测有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：陶寅、李丽、邱阳阳、刘岩、张恬、夏珅宁、李根、陶国清、王新来、梁景峰、

张嘉仪、庄道全、孙鹏、邹俊斌、王韫喆、李京校、戴灿星、吴义成、朱浩、张辉、张永芹、张杰、史跃玲、

高攀亮、王丽清、关象石。

Ⅲ

GB/T44953—2024

雷电灾害调查技术规范

1范围

本文件确立了雷电灾害的调查流程，规定了雷电灾害的调查内容、分析鉴定、调查报告编制的要

求，并描述了对应的证实方法。

本文件适用于雷电灾害调查工作。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T13870.4—2017电流对人和家畜的效应第4部分：雷击效应

GB/T16840.2—2021电气火灾痕迹物证技术鉴定方法第2部分：剩磁检测法

GB/T16840.4—2021电气火灾痕迹物证技术鉴定方法第4部分：金相分析法

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

雷电灾害lightningdisaster

因雷击对生命体、建（构）筑物、电气和电子系统等所造成的损害。

3.2

雷电灾害调查lightningdisasterinvestigation

雷电灾害的现场勘察和取证、资料收集、技术鉴定和分析、评估并做出结论的过程。

3.3

剩磁residualmagnetism

铁磁体被导线短路电流或雷击电流形成的磁场磁化后所保留的磁性。

[来源：GB/T16840.2—2021，3.1]

3.4

雷电定位系统lightninglocationsystem；LLS

闪电定位系统

通过探测雷电放电过程中产生的电磁辐射信号，采用多种雷电定位技术和方法，来确定雷电发生

时间、位置、极性等多项雷电参数的系统。

注：由多个设在不同地理位置的雷电传感器（又称子站）、数据处理和系统监控中心（又称中心站）、产品输出和显示

系统以及配套的通信设施等组成。

[来源：GB/T40619—2021，3.2]

4调查流程

4.1雷电灾害调查流程应按照图1所示进行。

1