GB/T 45120-2024 道路车辆 48 V供电电压 电气要求及试验

ICS43.040.10

CCST36

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T45120—2024

道路车辆48V供电电压

电气要求及试验

Roadvehicles—Supplyvoltageof48V—

Electricalrequirementsandtests

（ISO21780：2020，MOD）

2024⁃12⁃31发布2024⁃12⁃31实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T45120—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4功能状态·················································································································2

4.1通则·················································································································2

4.2功能状态1（FS1）·································································································2

4.3功能状态2（FS2）·································································································2

4.4功能状态3（FS3）·································································································3

4.5功能状态4（FS4）·································································································3

4.6功能状态5（FS5）·································································································3

5供电电压范围···········································································································3

6功能类别·················································································································4

7工作模式·················································································································5

8试验条件·················································································································5

8.1允差·················································································································5

8.2通用条件···········································································································5

8.3采样率和数值分辨率····························································································5

8.4接口说明···········································································································6

8.5试验样品数········································································································6

8.6试验电压···········································································································6

8.7试验流程···········································································································6

8.8参数检查···········································································································6

8.9通过连续参数监控进行漂移分析·············································································7

8.10物理分析··········································································································7

9总体要求·················································································································7

9.1系统要求···········································································································7

9.2部件要求···········································································································7

10试验和要求············································································································8

10.1试验⁃01：标称电压范围························································································8

10.2试验⁃02：低暂压范围和高暂压范围·········································································9

10.3试验⁃03：瞬时过电压··························································································12

10.4试验⁃04：供电部件抛负载控制··············································································13

Ⅰ

GB/T45120—2024

10.5试验⁃05：启动特性·····························································································15

10.6试验⁃06：长时过电压··························································································16

10.7试验⁃07：可提供电能的耗能部件过电压··································································17

10.8试验⁃08：供电电压降低和升高··············································································20

10.9试验⁃09：电压纹波·····························································································21

10.10试验⁃10：复位特性···························································································23

10.11试验⁃11：短时中断供电·····················································································25

10.12试验⁃12：接地失效···························································································26

10.13试验⁃13：故障电流···························································································30

10.14试验⁃14：接地偏移···························································································31

10.15试验⁃15：信号线和负载电路短路·········································································33

10.16试验⁃16：静态电流···························································································35

附录A（资料性）功能状态和功能类别示例·······································································37

A.1功能状态示例···································································································37

A.2功能类别示例···································································································37

BCANGND38

附录（资料性）通信48失效使用示例·······························································

B.1基本原理·········································································································38

B.2激活发送·········································································································39

Ⅱ

GB/T45120—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件修改采用ISO21780：2020《道路车辆48V供电电压电气要求及试验》。

本文件与ISO21780：2020相比做了下述结构调整：

——3.2~3.11对应ISO21780：2020中的3.3~3.12；

——删除了ISO21780：2020中的8.5，并将后续条款号顺次提前；

——将ISO21780：2020中9.1的内容与第1章“范围”合并，并将后续条款号顺次提前；

——增加了10.12.1.1，并将后续条款号顺延。

本文件与ISO21780：2020的技术差异及其原因如下：

——删除了术语“火”及其定义（见ISO21780：2020的3.2）；

——更改了标称电压的定义，以适应我国的技术条件（见3.6、3.7）；

——为了与试验方法保持一致，更改了“最高工作温度”“最低工作温度”“试验温度”的定义，将

DUT温度改为DUT所在环境温度（见3.8、3.9、3.11）；

58V~60V58V<≤60V54V~58V54V<

——更改了各个供电电压范围，将改为U48，改为

≤58V52V~54V52V<≤54V36V~52V36V≤≤52V31V~

U48，改为U48，改为U48，

36V31V≤<36V24V~31V24V≤<31V0V~24V0V≤<

改为U48，改为U48，改为U48

24V，明确当电压处于边界条件时电压范围的分类（见第5章）；

——在表2的表头功能类别下方的功能类别等级前增加FC，与功能类别相对应（见第6章）；

——删除了试验限制条款（见ISO21780：2020的8.5），同时删除了规范性引用的ISO/

IEC17025，我国对实验室及设备的要求有独立的体系，不需要在本文件中额外规定；

——用规范性引用的GB/T20967替换了EN13018（见8.8、8.10），以适应我国的技术条件，提高

可操作性；

910.4.4

——为了便于试验结果的判定，在表中增加了U0一行（见）；

GNDGND

——为了保证技术内容一致性，在48失效试验的最后一步闭合开关后及12/24失效试验断

STNTNDUT

开2后，将“监控US、UB以及1和2之间的通信和电流”改为“监控US、UB以及、

TNTN10.12.1.510.12.1.6

1和2之间的通信和电流”（见、）；

——用规范性引用的GB/T28046.2替换了ISO16750⁃2（见10.12.2.2），以适应我国的技术条件，

提高可操作性；

——增加了接地偏移试验的试验时长（见10.14.2），提高可操作性；

——将静态电流试验的技术内容改为不必都有唤醒阶段，同时更改相应的试验方法（见10.16），以

适用于各类与48V电源连接且永久供电的部件。

本文件做了下列编辑性动改：

——将ISO21780：2020中表2、表8、表12、表13、表17下方的条文注改为表注；

——将第7章注中“本文件不需要工作模式1、3”改为“本文件不需要工作模式1、3、4”，与

ISO16750⁃1：2023的技术内容保持一致；

11

——调整了表中U0和U1的顺序；

——调整了表16中驻留时间和频率步长的顺序；

1812V/24V

——将图中U12/24的说明改为供电电压，改正印刷错误；

Ⅲ

GB/T45120—2024

DUTTNTN10.11.210.11.2

——将“、1和2之间的通信按的规定进行工作和监控”中的改为

10.12.2，改正印刷错误（见10.12.1.4）；

B.1

——将图中VCAN改为VCANH，改正印刷错误。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国工业和信息化部提出。

本文件由全国汽车标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC114）归口。

本文件起草单位：泛亚汽车技术中心有限公司、中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司、河南天海电器有

限公司、重庆长安汽车股份有限公司、北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司、威凯（上海）检测技

术有限公司、上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司、吉利汽车研究院（宁波）有限公司、中国电子技术标准

化研究院、徐州徐工汽车制造有限公司、东风汽车有限公司东风日产乘用车公司、中国重型汽车集团有

限公司、长城汽车股份有限公司、宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司、上汽大众汽车有限公司、上海电

器设备检测所有限公司、中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司、阿美特克商贸（上海）有限公司北京分公

司、北京汽车研究总院有限公司、深圳市航盛电子股份有限公司、中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司、安

徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司、上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司、襄阳达安汽车检测中心有限公司、广

州汽车集团股份有限公司、北京车和家汽车科技有限公司、东风柳州汽车有限公司、一汽⁃大众汽车有

限公司、北京索德电气工业有限公司、中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：钱慧杰、文清浩、郭得岁、张文青、吴倩、黄凯兵、沈黎吉、朱宏斌、徐殿、周小贞、

王冲、崔强、钱宝存、郑广州、张旺威、王龙、路志强、刘胜东、杨国樑、陈颖、张乐敏、杨加淇、杜全辉、

段永亮、张辉、赵阳、李伟聪、雷波、邵杰、谭功伟、陈文庆、刘永彬、展新、李育方、杨文辉、宋朋宇、华旸、

高一盼。

Ⅳ

GB/T45120—2024

道路车辆48V供电电压

电气要求及试验

1范围

本文件规定了道路车辆中标称电压为直流48V的电气和电子部件的电气要求及试验方法。

本文件适用于具有直流48V供电电压部件的电气性能，对于储能系统，不对电化学部分进行试

验，仅将其管理系统作为独立的DUT进行试验。

本文件包括48V直流电气系统的一般要求、电压范围、电压变化和波动，不包括电磁兼容性

（EMC）。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T20967无损检测目视检测总则

GB/T28046.2道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验第2部分：电气负荷（GB/T28046.2—

2019，ISO16750⁃2：2012，MOD）

ISO16750⁃1道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验第1部分：一般规定（Roadve⁃

hicles—Environmentalconditionsandtestingforelectricalandelectronicequipment—Part1：General）

注：GB/T28046.1—2011道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验第1部分：一般规定（ISO16750⁃1：

2006，MOD）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

部件component

直接安装在车辆中的组件。

注：即受试装置（DUT）。

3.2

12V/24V电气系统地groundfor12V/24Velectricalsystem

GND

12/24

12V/24V

电气系统上的接地点。

3.3

48V电气系统地groundfor48Velectricalsystem

GND

48

48V电气系统上的接地点。

3.4

12V/24V正极12V/24Vpositivevoltage

U12/24

12V/24V电气系统正极电位。

1

GB/T45120—2024

3.5

48V正极48Vpositivevoltage

U48

48V电气系统正极电位。

3.6

12V/24V标称电压nominal12V/24Vsupplyvoltage

UN

用于描述车辆12V/24V电气系统的电压值。

3.7

48V标称电压nominal48Vsupplyvoltage

U48N

用于描述车辆48V电气系统的电压值。

3.8

最高工作温度maximumoperatingtemperature

Tmax

DUT能够工作的环境温度最高值。

3.9

最低工作温度minimumoperatingtemperature

Tmin

DUT能够工作的环境温度最低值。

3.10

室温roomtemperature

TRT

试验时实验室的环境温度。

3.11

试验温度testtemperature

Ttest

试验时DUT所处的环境温度。

4功能状态

4.1通则

一个部件可包括多个功能，对于相同的影响参数，这些功能可能具有不同的功能状态，本文件规定

的影响参数为供电电压，规定了部件最低的功能状态要求。

与每个选择的功能状态等级和客户感知（例如视觉、听觉、触觉和热感）有关的部件功能行为（包括

性能降低），应由供需双方协商，并在要求的部件规范中进行说明。应用示例见附录A。

4.2功能状态1（FS1）

部件应满足规定的功能要求，性能无偏差，不准许性能降低或关机。

4.3功能状态2（FS2）

部件应满足规定的功能要求，允许一个或多个性能超出规定的允差，不准许关机。

2

GB/T45120—2024

4.4功能状态3（FS3）

部件无法满足规定的功能要求，允许性能降低或关机。如果满足必要的运行条件，功能应自动恢

复，且性能恢复到规定的水平。

4.5功能状态4（FS4）

部件无法满足规定的功能要求，允许性能降低或关机。在车辆运行状态发生变化（例如点火状态

发生变化、车辆重新启动）且满足必要的运行条件后，功能应自动恢复，且性能恢复到规定的水平。

4.6功能状态5（FS5）

部件的一项或多项功能失效，但不应发生自燃。试验后，需修理或更换部件，才能继续使用。

5供电电压范围

供电电压范围见图1。

58V<≤60V

——高过压范围（U48）：处于此电压范围内的原因可能为控制错误。

54V<≤58V

——过电压范围（U48）：处于此电压范围内的原因可能为（短期）电能返回或控制错

误。系统仅可在此范围内短时运行。

52V<≤54V

——高暂压范围（U48）：此电压范围用于校准存储介质和吸收回收的能量。系统仅

可在此范围内短时运行。

36V≤≤52V

——标称电压范围（U48）：系统大部分时间都在该范围内运行。

31V≤<36V

——低暂压范围（U48）：处于此电压范围内的情况可能在升压或冷启动期间。系统

仅可在此范围内短时运行。

24V≤<31V

——欠电压范围（U48）：处于此电压范围内的情况可能在冷启动期间。系统仅可在

此范围内短时运行。

0V≤<24V

——低欠压范围（U48）：储存保护。处于此电压范围内的情况可能为短期不连续供电

或长期停车。

图1供电电压范围

3

GB/T45120—2024

6功能类别

应为DUT每个功能规定相应的性能要求（例如电机的扭矩或水泵的流量），依据规定的性能要求

确定相应的功能状态等级。不同功能类别示例见表1。不同供电电压下各功能类别对应的功能状态

见表2。

表1功能类别

功能类别功能或部件示例

FCⅠ通信，诊断

从48V到12V电压转换

车辆安全相关的功能

FCⅡ

驱动相关的功能

作为48V供电电源的相关部件

启动相关的部件/功能

FCⅢ

在启动过程中需要工作的部件/功能

FCⅣ舒适性功能

FCZ上述定义的功能类别不适用于DUT时使用，每个试验的功能状态由供需双方协商确定

表2功能状态

功能类别

电压范围试验

FCⅠFCⅡFCⅢFCⅣFCZ

60V<≤70V⁃03FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：瞬时过电压协商确定

58V<≤60V⁃06FS3FS3FS3FS3

U48试验：长时过电压协商确定

54V<≤58V⁃07FS1FS2FS3FS3

U48试验：可提供电能的耗能部件过电压协商确定

52V<≤54V⁃02FS1FS2FS3FS2

U48试验：低暂压范围和高暂压范围协商确定

52V<≤54V⁃09FS1FS2FS3FS2

U48试验：电压纹波协商确定

36V≤≤52V⁃01FS1FS1FS1FS1

U48试验：标称电压范围协商确定

31V≤<36V⁃02FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：低暂压范围和高暂压范围协商确定

31V≤<36V⁃08FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：供电电压降低和升高协商确定

31V≤<36V⁃09FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：电压纹波协商确定

31V≤<36V⁃10FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：复位特性协商确定

24V≤<31V⁃05FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：启动特性协商确定

24V≤<31V⁃08FS1FS3FS3FS3

U48试验：供电电压降低和升高协商确定

24V≤<31V⁃10FS1FS2FS2FS3

U48试验：复位特性协商确定

0V≤<24V⁃08FS3FS3FS3FS3

U48试验：供电电压降低和升高协商确定

0V≤<24V⁃10FS3FS3FS3FS3

U48试验：复位特性协商确定

注：表中未列出本文件中的全部试验，未在表中列出的试验在各个试验条款中说明了试验要求。

4

GB/T45120—2024

7工作模式

DUT

除非另有规定，应进行所有电气连接，在试验电压UN和U48N下工作。

如果部件需要冷却系统，可按部件规范中的说明进行必要的操作和调整：

——工作模式2.1：系统/部件功能未被激活（如休眠模式）；

——工作模式2.2：系统/部件带电运行并控制在典型运行模式；

——工作模式2.3：系统/部件带电运行并控制在最小负载运行模式，负载未激活（如待机模式）；

——工作模式2.4：系统/部件带电运行并控制在最大负载运行模式。

最小负载运行模式、典型运行模式、最大负载运行模式开启的负载由供需双方协商确定。

注：由于应用范围不同，工作模式定义与ISO16750⁃1的定义不完全相同，本文件不需要工作模式