GB/T 44451-2024 卫星导航定位探空系统 探空仪

ICS07.060

CCSA47

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44451—2024

卫星导航定位探空系统探空仪

Satellitenavigationandpositioningsoundingsystem—Radiosonde

2024⁃09⁃29发布2024⁃09⁃29实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T44451—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4组成·······················································································································1

5技术要求·················································································································1

5.1外观和结构········································································································1

5.2功能·················································································································2

5.3静态测量性能·····································································································2

5.4动态测量性能·····································································································3

5.5信号校验码及调制发射性能···················································································3

5.6数据传输入网通信协议·························································································4

5.7电池·················································································································4

5.8采样速率···········································································································4

5.9重量和尺寸········································································································4

5.10功耗················································································································4

5.11环境适应性·······································································································4

6试验方法·················································································································5

6.1试验环境条件·····································································································5

6.2试验用仪器仪表··································································································5

6.3组成·················································································································6

6.4外观和结构········································································································6

6.5功能·················································································································6

6.6静态测量性能·····································································································6

6.7动态测量性能·····································································································8

6.8信号校验码及调制发射性能···················································································9

6.9数据传输入网通信协议························································································10

6.10电池··············································································································10

6.11采样速率········································································································10

6.12重量和尺寸·····································································································10

6.13功耗··············································································································10

6.14环境适应性·····································································································10

7检验规则···············································································································12

Ⅰ

GB/T44451—2024

7.1检验分类··········································································································12

7.2检验项目··········································································································12

7.3缺陷的判定·······································································································13

7.4定型检验··········································································································13

7.5出厂检验··········································································································14

8标志和随行文件······································································································14

8.1标志················································································································14

8.2随行文件··········································································································15

9包装、运输和贮存·····································································································15

9.1包装················································································································15

9.2运输················································································································15

9.3贮存················································································································15

附录A（规范性）探空仪数据协议··················································································16

Ⅱ

GB/T44451—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国气象局提出。

本文件由全国气象仪器与观测方法标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC507）归口。

本文件起草单位：中国气象局气象探测中心、中国人民解放军国防科技大学、中国气象局气象干部

培训学院、天津华云天仪特种气象探测技术有限公司、中国人民解放军61540部队、上海长望气象科技

股份有限公司、南京大桥机器有限公司、航天新气象科技有限公司、太原无线电一厂有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：杨荣康、李欣、赵世军、纪翠玲、杨加春、任晓毓、姜明波、杜智涛、陈曦、郭启云、

刘子萌、阎红、张健、黄晓杰、卢轶。

Ⅲ

GB/T44451—2024

卫星导航定位探空系统探空仪

1范围

本文件规定了卫星导航探空系统中探空仪（以下简称探空仪）的技术要求、检验规则，以及标志、包

装、运输和贮存等，并描述了相关的试验方法。

本文件适用于卫星导航体制的探空仪的设计、生产和检验。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T191—2008包装储运图示标志

GB/T2423.7—2018环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Ec：粗率操作造成的冲击（主要用于

设备型样品）

GB/T2828.1—2012计数抽样检验程序第1部分：按接收质量限（AQL）检索的逐批检验抽样

计划

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

盒内温度temperatureinbox

探空仪保温盒内的工作环境温度值。

3.2

基值测试basetest

在地面自然状态下，利用标准装置，对探空仪温度、湿度和气压传感器准确度进行的测试。

4组成

探空仪由气象传感器及转换模块、卫星导航及数据处理模块（由导航定位芯片及其外围辅助模块

组成）、信号发射模块、电池、包装盒等组成。

5技术要求

5.1外观和结构

5.1.1探空仪外观应平整，曲面无变形、无明显伤痕和污染；金属零件不应有锈蚀及机械损伤。

1

GB/T44451—2024

5.1.2热敏电阻涂覆层应均匀无斑点、疵点；产品标识和功能说明标志应清晰牢固。

5.1.3探空仪的元器件焊接和结构件的装配应准确、牢固可靠；紧固件应无松动；塑料件应无开裂、变

形现象。

5.2功能

应具备下列功能：

a）测量地面至36km高度大气的温度、气压、相对湿度及探空仪的空间位置；

b）将气象传感器测量的原始信号经计算转换为测量要素值并通过无线方式并对外发送；

c）初始化保存探空仪频点、传输速率、发射功率、工作模式、卫星星历导入信息等；

d）自动采集电池电压、盒内温度、卫星定位精度因子、卫星颗数、卫星信号状态等监测信息，并通

过无线方式对外发送；

e）存储探空仪校准参数信息；

f）对温度、湿度、气压、定位信息进行质量控制，包括：采样瞬时值的质量控制（变化极限范围）、

瞬时气象值的质量控制（变化极限范围）和综合质量控制；

g）满足常规与长时观测；

h）具备数据加密传输功能。

5.3静态测量性能

应满足表1中的要求。

表1静态测量性能要求

要素技术指标

测量范围—90℃~+50℃

温度

允许误差±0.2℃

相对湿度测量范围0%~100%

湿度

相对湿度允许误差±3%

气压传感器：1060hPa~100hPa

测量范围

气压高度反算：1060hPa~3hPa

允许误差±1.3hPa（1060hPa~500hPa），±0.7hPa（500hPa~50hPa）

冷启动定位时间≤2min

定位时间热启动定位时间≤10s

重新捕获时间≤2s

空间位置和水平位置允许误差±8m

速度定位准确度垂直位置允许误差±16m

高度测量允许范围地面至海拔36km

导航测速范围≤150m/s

移动速度

测量准确度0.2m/s

2

GB/T44451—2024

表1静态测量性能要求（续）

要素技术指标

温度允许偏差±0.3℃

基值测试相对湿度允许偏差±5%

气压允许偏差±1.5hPa

注：气压采用定位提供的高度反算，或在低空采用气压传感器测量，高空使用高度反算。

5.4动态测量性能

应满足表2中的要求。

表2动态测量性能要求

要素技术指标要求

0.2℃［气候］

一致性

0.2℃（0km~16km），0.3℃（>16km）［常规］

温度

0.3℃（0km~16km），0.4℃（>16km）［气候］

测量准确度

0.4℃（0km~16km），0.8℃（>16km）［常规］

3%［气候］

相对湿度一致性

5%［常规］

湿度

4%［气候］

相对湿度测量准确度

5%（>-40℃），10%（-40℃~-60℃）［常规］

一致性1.0hPa（>100hPa），0.3hPa（100hPa~10hPa），0.1hPa（<10hPa）

气压

测量准确度1.3hPa（>100hPa），0.5hPa（100hPa~10hPa），0.2hPa（<10hPa）

测量高度范围0km~36km

风向测量范围0°~360°

测量准确度3（°风速>3m/s）

测量高度范围0km~36km

风速测量范围0m/s~150m/s

测量准确度0.3m/s

有“[]”标记的指标项，气候观测用探空仪选取不低于标记“气候”的指标项，常规观测用探空仪选取不低于标记“常

规”的指标项。

5.5信号校验码及调制发射性能

应满足表3中的要求。

3

GB/T44451—2024

表3信号校验码及调制发射性能要求

参数技术指标要求

校验码采用国际电报电话咨询委员会制定的循环冗余校验CRC⁃CCITT16位校验码

发射频率400.15MHz~406MHz，频点设置步长1kHz

发射功率≤100mW

调制方式高斯频移键控（GFSK）

发射谱宽≤50kHz（-50dBc）

载波频率稳定度探空仪未加保温状态下在温度-40℃~+50℃变化条件下，中心频率允许偏移不大于4kHz

调制速率默认2400bps，可设置为4800bps、9600bps

5.6数据传输入网通信协议

5.6.1交互协议应满足附录