GB 14023-2000 车辆、机动船和由火花点火发动机驱动的装置的无线电骚扰特性的限值和测量方法

GB14023-2000

NationalStandardofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

Limitsandmethodsofmeasurementofradiointerference

characteristicsofvehicles,motorboats

andsparkignitionengine-drivendevices

GB14023-2000

idtCISPR12:1997

ReplaceofGB14023-1992

1Scope

Thisstandardspecifiesthelimitsdesignedtoprovideprotectionforbroadcastreceiversinthe

frequencyrangeof30MHzto1000MHzwhenusedinaresidentialenvironment.

Compliancewiththisstandardmaynotprovideadequateprotectionfornewtypesofradio

transmissionorreceiversusedintheresidentialenvironmentnearerthan10mtothevehicleor

device.

Note1--Experiencehasshownthatcompliancewiththisstandardmayprovidesatisfactoryprotectionfor

receiversofothertypesoftransmissionswhenusedinaresidentialenvironment,includingradio

transmissionsinfrequencyrangesotherthanthatspecified.

Thisstandardappliestotheemissionofbroadbandandnarrowbandelectromagneticenergy

whichmaycauseinterferencetoradioreceptionandwhichisemittedfrom:

a)vehiclespropelledbyaninternalcombustionengine,electricalmeansorboth(see3.1);

b)motorboatspropelledbyaninternalcombustionengine,electricalmeansorboth;

Note2--Forthepurposeofthisstandardmotorboatsareconsideredtobeasubsetofvehicles,unless

specificallymentionedtothecontrary.

c)devicesequippedwithspark-ignitedinternalcombustionengines(see3.2).

Thisstandardincludeslimitsandtestmethodsforbothbroadbandandnarrowbandemissions.

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GB14023-92

Thisstandarddoesnotapplytoaircraft,tractionsystems(railway,tramwayandtrolleybus),orto

incompletevehicles.

Note3--Protectionofreceiverusedonboardthesamevehicleasthedisturbancesource(s)arecoveredbyCISPR

25.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingstandardscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constitute

provisionsofthisstandard.Atthetimeofpublication,theeditionsindicatedwerevalid.All

standardsaresubjecttorevision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedonthisstandardareencouraged

toinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthestandardsindicated

below.

GB/T4365--1995ElectromagneticcompatibilityVocabulary(istIEC60050(161):1990)

GB/T6113.1--1995RequirementsforElectromagneticInterferenceMeasuringApparatus

CISPR25:1995Limitsandmethodsofmeasurementofradiodisturbancecharacteristics

fortheprotectionofreceiversusedonboardvehicles

3Definitions

3.1Vehicle

Meansamachinethatisself-propelled.Vehiclesinclude(butarenotlimitedto)passengercars,

trucks,buses,motorcycles,mopeds(includemobilebike),agriculturaltractor,materialloadand

unloaddeviceandsnowmobiles.

3.2Device

Amachinewhichisnotself-propelled.Devicesinclude,butarenotrestrictedtochainsaws,

irrigationpumps,aircompressors,lawnmowers,andstationaryormobileconcretemixers.

3.3Impulsiveignitionnoise:Theunwantedemissionofelectromagneticenergy,predominantly

impulsiveincontent,arisingfromtheignitionsystemwithinavehicleordevice.

3.4Ignitionnoisesuppressor:Thatportionofahighvoltageignitioncircuitintendedtolimitthe

emissionofimpulsiveignitionnoise.

3.5Resistivedistributorbrush:Aresistivepick-upbrushinanignitiondistributorcap.

3.6Frequencysub-band:Asegmentofthefrequencyspectrum(30MHzto1000MHz)definedto

enablestatisticalevaluationofthetestdataacquiredbysweptfrequencytesting.

3.7Representativefrequency:Theassignedfrequencyofafrequencysub-bandtobeusedfor

comparisonofthedatatothelimit.Tobeusedonlyin6.4andannexA.

3.8Characteristiclevel:Thecontrolling(ordominant)emissionlevelexperiencedineachfrequency

sub-band.Thecharacteristiclevelisthemaximummeasurementobtainedforbothantenna

polarizationsandforallthespecifiedmeasurementpositionsofthevehicleordevice.Known

ambientsignalsarenottobeconsideredpartofthecharacteristiclevel.

3.9Trackinggenerator:Atestsignaloscillator(continuouswave)thatisfrequencylockedtothe

receivedfrequencyofameasuringinstrument.

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GB14023-2000

3.10RFdisturbancepower:TheRFpowermeasuredwithacurrenttransformeranabsorbingclamp

andanRFmeasuringinstrument.Itmaybemeasured-astheRFdisturbancevoltage-inapeakor

quasi-peakmode.

3.11Sparkdischarge:Dischargeofenergystoredintheignitioncoil,inanarcacrosstheelectrodesof

ameasuringsparkplug.

3.12Resistivehigh-tension(HT)ignitioncable:Anignitioncablewhoseconductorhasahigh

resistance(attenuation).

3.13Residentialenvironment:Anenvironmentwitha10mprotectiondistancebetweenthesource

andthepointofradioreceptionandwherethesourceusesthepubliclow-voltagepowersystem

orbatterypower.Forexample,roominghouses,privatedwellings,entertainmenthalls,theatres,

schools,publicstreets,etc.

Figure1-Examplemethodofdeterminationofconformanceofradiateddisturbance

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GB14023-92

4Limitsofdisturbance

4.1Determinationofappropriatelimitlevel

Ifthetypeofdisturbanceisunknown,theflowchartshowninfigure1maybeusedtodetermine

whichlimitshallbeapplied.

4.2Broadbandemissions

Thelimitsforbroadbandemissionsaregiveninfigure2.Onlyoneofthebandwidthslistedneeds

tobechosenfortesting.Formoreaccuratedetermination,theequationsgiveninfigure2shallbe

used.Formeasurementsat3m,10dBshallbeaddedtothelimit.1)

LimitL[dB(μV/m)],atfrequencyf(MHz)

Frequency-MHz-logarithmic

Notes

1Forvehiclesequippedwithelectricpropulsionmotors,see5.3.2.2.

2Forpeakmeasurements,see5.5.3.

3Thecorrelationfactorbetweenquasi-peakandpeakmeasurementsis+20dBat120kHzbandwidth.

4Limitsfrom1GHzto18GHzareunderconsideration.

Figure2-Limitsofdisturbance(broadband)at10m

4.3Narrowbandemissions

Thelimitsfornarrowbandemissionsareshowninfigure3.Thelimitappliestopeakor

quasi-peakdetectormeasurements.Vehicleswhichmeetthenarrowbandemissionsrequirements

ofCISPR25section2shallbedeemedtobeincompliancewiththenarrowbandrequirementsof

thissubclauseandnofurthertestingisnecessary.Formeasurementsat3m,10dBshallbeadded

tothelimit.2)

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GB14023-2000

Frequency-(MHz)-logarithmic

Note-Limitsbetween150kHzand30MHzareunderconsideration

Figure3-Limitsofdisturbance(narrowband)at10m

1)Intheeventthatthemeasurementresultsarecontradictorywhenmeasuringbydifferentdetectorsandatdifferent

distances,thisstandardappliespeakdetectorand10masreference.

2)Intheeventthatthemeasurementresultsarecontradictorywhenmeasuringatdifferentdistances,thisstandardapplies

10masreference.

5Methodsofmeasurement

Note-Methodsofmeasurementfrom1GHzto18GHzareunderconsideration.

5.1Measuringinstrumentrequirements

5.1.1Measuringinstrument

5.1.1.1Type

ThemeasuringinstrumentshallcomplywiththerequirementsofGB/T6113.1.Eithermanualor

automaticfrequencyscanningmaybeused.Specialconsiderationshallbegiventooverload,

linearity,selectivityandthenormalresponsetopulses.

Note-Spectrumanalyzersandscanningreceiversareparticularlyusefulfordisturbancemeasurements.The

peakdetectionmodeofspectrumanalyzersandscanningreceiversprovidesadisplayindicationwhichis

neverlessthanthequasi-peakindicationforthesamebandwidth.Itmaybeconvenienttomeasure

emissionsusingpeakdetectionbecauseofthefasterscanpossiblethanwithquasi-peakdetection.

Whenquasi-peaklimitsarebeingusedandapeakdetectorisbeingusedfortimeefficiency,any

peakmeasurementsatorabovethesinglesampletypetestlimitshallberemeasuredusingthe

quasi-peakdetector.

5.1.1.2Minimumscantime

ThescanrateofaspectrumanalyzerorscanningreceivershallbeadjustedfortheCISPR

frequencybandanddetectionmodeused.Theminimumsweeptime/frequency(i.e.mostrapid

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GB14023-92

scanrate)islistedintable1.

Table1-Minimumscantime

FrequencybandPeakdetectionQuasi-peakdetection

A9kHz-150kHzDosenotapplyDoesnotapply

B0.15MHz-30MHz100ms/MHz200s/MHz

C30MHz-1000MHz1ms/MHz20s/MHz

BanddefinitionfromCISPR16-1.BandsAandBarenotusedinthisstandard.

Note-Certainsignals(e.g.lowrepetitionratesignals)mayrequireslowerscanratesormultiplescanstoensurethatthe

maximumamplitudehasbeenmeasured.

5.1.1.3Measuringinstrumentbandwidth

Thebandwidthofthemeasuringinstrumentshallbechosensuchthatthenoisefloorisatleast6dB

lowerthanthelimitcurve.Thebandwidthsintable2arerecommended.

Note-Whenthebandwidthofthemeasuringinstrumentexceedsthebandwidthofanarrowbandsignal,the

measuredsignalamplitudewillnotbeaffected.Theindicatedvalueofimpulsivebroadbandnoisewillbelower

whenthemeasuringinstrumentbandwidthisreduced.

FrequencybandBroadbandpeakBroadbandNarrowbandpeakNarrowband

quasi-peakaverage

MHz

0.15-309kHz9kHz9kHz9kHz

(notusedinthis

standard)

30-1000120kHz120kHz120kHz120kHz

Ifaspectrumanalyzerisusedforpeakmeasurements，thevideobandwidthshallbeatleast

threetimestheresolutionbandwidth.

5.1.2Antennatypes

5.1.2.1Referenceantenna

5.1.2.1.1Frequencyrangeof150kHzto30MHz

Thereferenceantennashallbethe1mrodantennaofGB/T6113.1,verticallypolarized,having

itsterminalvoltagereferencedtoacounterpoiseofthesizeandshapeappropriatetothedesignof

theantenna.Thesizeandshapeofthecounterpoiseshallbedeterminedbytheantenna

manufacturer.

Therodantennashouldbeconnectedtothemeasuringinstrumentthroughacouplingunit(or

"coupler"),whichmaybeactiveorpassive,toprovidehigh-impedancetolow-impedance

transformation.Thecouplingunitmaybemountedeitherbelow(preferred)orabovethe

counterpoise.Thecouplershallbedesignedtoworkintoa50ohmcoaxialtransmissionlineto

transfertheantennaoutputtothemeasuringinstrumentinput.

5.1.2.1.2Frequencyrangeof30MHzto1000MHz

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GB14023-2000

Thereferenceantennashallbeabalanceddipole(seeGB/T6113.1).Freespaceantennafactors

aretobeused.Forfrequencies80MHzorabove,theantennashallberesonantinlength,andfor

frequenciesbelow80MHzitshallbethelengthequaltothe80MHzresonantlengthandshall

betunedandmatchedtothefeederbyasuitabletransformingdevice.Connectiontotheinputof

themeasuringinstrumentshallbemadethroughasymmetric-asymmetrictransformer

arrangement.

5.1.2.2Broadbandantenna(for30MHzto1000MHz)

Anylinearlypolarizedreceivingantennaispermitted,providedthatitcanbenormalizedtothe

referenceantenna.

Abroadbandantennaisrequiredwhenmakingmeasurementswithanautomatedreceiving

systemusingascanningmeasuringinstrument.Suchabroadbandantennaisusablefor

measuringradiationlevels(overthefrequencyspectrumcoveredbythisstandard),providedthat

itsoutputcanbenormalizedtotheoutputofthereferenceantennaintheactualtestenvironment

attheactualtestsite.

Note-Whenbroadbandantennasareused,theyshouldmeettherequirementsforcomplexantennasgiven

inGB/T6113.1.Examplesoffactorstobeconsideredinclude:

a)Theeffectiveapertureareaoftheantenna,includingitspolarresponse(horizontalandverticalplanes).

b)Theeffectofaphasecenterwhichmoveswithfrequency.

c)Theeffectofgroundreflectioncharacteristics(includingmultiplerayreflectionswhichmayariseat

specificfrequenciesatabout500MHzverticalpolarizationand900MHzhorizontalpolarization).

5.1.3Calibration

5.1.3.1Frequencyrangeof150KHzto30MHz

SeeannexBforrodantennacalibration.

5.1.3.2Frequencyrangeof30MHzto1000MHz

SeeannexCforalternateantennacalibration.

5.1.4Accuracy

Themeasurementsystemconsistingoftheantenna,transmissionlineandthemeasuring

instrument,butexcludingthesource,shallmeasureelectricfieldstrengthoverthefrequency

rangeof30MHzto1000MHzwithanaccuracyof±3dB(seeGB/T6113.1).Thefrequency

accuracyshallbebetterthan±1%.

Note-Toensurethatthemeasurementsdefinedinthisstandardarewithinthestatedtolerances,

considerationshouldbegiventoallpertinentcharacteristicsofmeasuringequipment(e.g.frequencyand

amplitudestability,imagerejection,cross-modulation,overloadlevels,selectivity,timeconstants,and

signal/noiseratio),aswellasthoseaffectingtheantennaandtransmissionline.

5.1.5Repeatability

Therepeatabilityofthemeasurementsystemshallbeestablishedandperiodicallycheckedto

detectvariability;theinput/outputcharacteristicsofthemeasuringinstrumentshallbecheckedat

shorterintervalsoftime.

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GB14023-92

Note-Itisreasonabletoexpectvariationsofasmuchas±3dBinmeasurementsmadeofanelectricfield

(seeclauseC.12ofannexC)withintherangeof30MHzto1000MHz.Thesearecausedbyvariationsin

groundconductivityandotherfactorsinfluencingrepeatability.

5.2Measuringlocationrequirements

5.2.1Openareatestsite(OATS)requirements

5.2.1.1Thetestsiteshallbeaclearareafreefromelectromagneticreflectingsurfaceswithinacircleof

minimumradius30mmeasuredfromapointmidwaybetweenthevehicleordeviceandthe

antenna.Anexceptionforthemeasuringequipmentisspecifiedin5.2.1.2.Seefigures4and7.

Note-Thesiterequirementsdefinedin5.2.1.1andfigure4aretheapplicationofGB/T6113.1tolarge

automotiveobjects.

Vehiclesanddevicessmallerthan2minlengthandwidthmaybetestedonanOATSwith

dimensionscorrespondingtoGB/T6113.1,figures16or17.

5.2.1.2Themeasuringequipment,testhut,orvehicleinwhichthemeasuringequipmentislocatedmay

bewithinthetestsite,butonlyinthepermittedregionindicatedbythecross-hatchedareaof

Figure4.