GB/T 14808-2001 交流高压接触器和基于接触器的电动机起动器

ICS29130.10

K43

中华人民共和国国家标准

cs/T14808-2001

epvIEC60470:1999

交流高压接触器和基于

接触器的电动机起动器

High-voltagealternatingcurrentcontactors

andcontactor-basedmotor-starters

2001一11一02发布2002一06一01实施

中华人民共和国发布

国家质量监督检验检疫总局

cB/T14808-2001

目次

前言··。·················································。····························。································……v

IEC前言··························································。···························。·····················……m

1概述···········。·······。···。·······················································································……1

1.1范围和目的········································。······································。···········.·.·····……1

1.2引用标准·······································。····。················································..·.·····……2

2正常和特殊使用条件··················。······································。············.··.··..·..·...……3

2.1正常使用条件······。···。。····················································。······················……3

2.2特殊使用条件·······················································································..·.。。···……3

3定义······。···。·······。·············。·······································································，····……3

3.1通用术语·········。·······。·········。····。····································································……3

3.2开关设备和控制设备的总装·······································。··································……3

3.3总装的部件···············································……，’，···········································……3

3.4开关装置···。·······。··············。··········································。································……3

3.5开关设备和控制设备的部件·····························································.·..·.·..·..·..·……5

3.6操作··························································。····。····。·······································……6

3.7特性参量·····。···。········。···················································································……7

3.101熔断器······。········。····。·····。···········································································……9

4额定值·······································································。。·········。························……9

4.1额定电压(U.)························……10

4.2额定绝缘水平·········································································。·····。·····。·……二‘””二n

4.3额定频率(f)11

4.4额定电流和温升··。··························································································……11

4.5额定短时耐受电流((Ik)12

4.6额定峰值耐受电流(UP)12

4.7额定短路持续时间((tk)···································································.··.·..·...……12

4.8合分闸装置以及辅助和控制回路的额定电源电压(U,)···。······································……12

4.9合分闸装置以及辅助回路的额定电源频率····························································……12

4.10绝缘和/或操作用压缩气源的额定压力················。······························。···············……12

4.101额定工作电流(I)或额定工作功率··································································……12

4.102额定工作制·····························································································……13

4.103额定负载和过负载特性·············································································.··…·…13

4.104使用类别···································································································……14

4.105机械寿命··········。························································································……15

4.106电寿命······································································································……15

4.107与短路保护装置的配合················································································…·…15

4.108自动转换装置和自动加速控制装置的型式和特性··············································……16

GB%T14808-2001

4.109起动用目藕减压器或电抗器的型式和特性···。·········。····。·····························……二‘‘·“·‘1I

4.110变阻式转子起动器的起动电阻的型式和特性················································。·····……17

4.111取决于起动器类型的特性········································································……二‘’二17

5设计与结构··················································。········。··········································……18

5.1对液体的要求································。·····。····。··…”·············································……18

5.2对气体的要求································································································……18

5.3接地.·18

5.4辅助和控制设备··············································。····。·········································……18

5.5动力操作.·····································……18

5.6贮能操作·。·······。···。····················································································。··……18

5.7不依赖人力的操作·····················································································。。···……19

5.8脱扣器操作··。·················································································。········。··……19

5.9低压力和高压力闭锁和监视装置····。····································································一·19

5.10铭牌················。···。··················································，································……19

5.11联锁装置·················。···。·············································································……19

5.12位置指示········································。··························································……19

5.13外壳防护等级·····························································································。··…19

5.14爬电距离.·19

5.15气体和真空密封性························。···············。··············。·······························……19

5.16液体密封性···············。····。·································································，·········……19

5.17易燃性·····················。·················。····························································……20

5.18电磁兼容性····························································。···································……20

5.101继电器或脱扣器的类型····················。······················································……二‘二‘20

5.102外壳························································································，···············……22

5.103综合起动器································································································……22

5.104熔断器撞击器和指示器或接触器脱扣器之间的联动装置·································。···……23

6型式试验··················。·····················································································……23

6.1概述·················································································。·······。····。············……23

6.2绝缘试验··································。··················。···············································……24

6.3无线电干扰电压((r.i.v.)试验························································.·.·..·...·..·.·.一24

6.4回路电阻的测量····························································································……24

6.5温升试验····························。········································································……24

6.6短时耐受电流和峰值耐受电流试验···········································。····。····················……27

6.7防护等级的验证········································。··················。·······························……27

6.8密封试验···········27

6.9电磁兼容性试验(EMC)·························，·····························.·..··..··..·.·.……27

6.101机械试验···············································································。··················……27

6.102关合和开断能力试验·········。···。·················。························...···.·…·…28

6.103过载电流耐受试验·················。···。···················································.·..·..·..····……31

6.104短路电流关合和开断试验····。································.··.·..·...····……31

0

GB/T14808-2001

6.105过载继电器的特性和操作极限的验证·······························································……32

6.106与SCPD配合的验证··。····。··································。······································……32

6.107电寿命试验······························································。·································……34

6.108电动机开合试验·························。······················································。·········……35

7出厂试验········································。································································……35

7.1主回路的绝缘试验················。·······································。·································……35

辅助回路和控制回路的绝缘试验35

:.:主回路电阻的测量············……肠

7.4密封试验······。·······························································································……35

7.5设计和外观检查··············。·································。············································……35

7.101操作试验·································································。··········，·················，··.·……35

7.102与起动器型式相关的试验·······································。···。·······························…·…·‘36

8接触器或起动器的选用导则···············································。·································……36

8.101概述························。·…”························································，····，··········……36

8.102使用条件下额定值和特性的选择······························。··································。·。··一37

9与询问单、标书和订单一起提供的资料··································································……39

9.101与询问单和订单一起提供的资料·························。····。··························……二‘’。。’··…39

9.102与限流熔断器SCPD配合时提供的资料·························································……39

10运输、贮存、安装、运行和维修规则·············。··························································……40

11安全··························。·····································。············································。…40

附录A(标准的附录)关合、开断以及短时电流性能型式试验的记录与报告·····················……46

GB/T14808-2001

前台

本标准等效采用IEC60470:1999第二版《交流高压接触器和基于接触器的电动机起动器》。标准的

等效转化工作遵循了忠实性、范围有限性和继承性的原则。

本标准与IEC60470:1999主要差别体现在:

—额定电压:(IEC60470:1999中的1.1为1000V以上但不超过12000V;4.1的额定电压标

准值为2.5kV-3.6kV-5.0kV-7.2kV-12kV);

—绝缘水平:(IEC60470:1999中的数值引用IEC60694:1996);

—额定频率:(IEC60470:1999中的4.3的额定频率的标准值为50Hz和60Hz);

=TRV:(IEC60470:1999中的6.106.3没有对试验回路的电源侧TRV提出要求)。

—图4、图5:(IEC60470:1999中的图4和图5的电器负载侧无阻抗。因为试验方式C(交接电

流)的试验不是出线端短路的试验，接线方式与实际工况不符，因此它的负载侧应有部分阻抗;

6.106-1.4中关于试验回路的布置论述与IEC6047。中的图4和图5不符;不同灭弧介质的接触器对

TRV的敏感程度不同，不同的接线方式将产生不同的试验结果，因此本标准按IEC60470CDV稿及

IEC420进行了改动。

为了具有更广泛的使用性和协调性，本标准遵循以下约定:

本标准中引用标准按照以下原则确定:

IEC6047。第二版中的引用标准和条款有对应的国家标准及条款时引用对应的国家标准及条款，

没有对应的国家标准及条款时直接引用IEC标准及条款。

本标准自实施之日起，同时替代:GB14808-19930

本标准附录A为标准的附录。

本标准由中国电器工业协会提出。

本标准由全国高压开关设备标准化技术委员会归口。

本标准起草单位及成员:

负责单位:天水长城开关厂胡亮、于春生、马雪萍、张玉清。

参加单位:西安高压电器研究所田恩文、刘清春;

北京开关厂李志芬、苗俊山;

锦州开关厂吴敏、杨百山、徐宏;

上海广电电气(集团)有限公司李如何。

本标准主要起草人:胡亮、田恩文、于春生、马雪萍。

本标准委托全国高压开关设备标准化技术委员会负责解释。

GB/T14808-2001

IEC前言

1)IEC(国际电工委员会)是由各国家电工技术委员(IEC国家委员会)组成的世界性标准化组织。

IEC的目的是在电气和电子领域涉及标准化的所有问题促进国际间的合作。为了这个目的，除了开展有

关的活动外，IEC出版国际标准。这些标准委托各技术委员会起草;任一对此感兴趣的国家委员会可以

参加这项工作。与IEC协作的国际、政府和非国际组织也参加起草。IEC和国际标准化组织(ISO)按他

们间的协议确定的条件进行密切的合作。

2)IEC关于有关技术问题的正式决议或协议，是由对这些问题特别关切的所有国家委员会有代表

参加的各个技术委员会提出。它们尽可能表达出对所涉及问题国际上的一致意见。

3)这些决议或协议以标准、技术报告或导则形式出版，作为推荐标准供国际上使用，并在此意义上

为各技术委员会所接受。

4)为了促进国际上的统一，IEC各国家委员会同意在他们的国家标准和区域性标准中清楚地、最

大可能限度地采用IEC国际标准。IEC标准和相应的国家或区域性标准间任何歧异应在相应的标准文

本中清楚地指出。

5)IEC不开展合格标志的颁发工作，它不对声称符合某项IEC标准的设备承担责任。

6)要注意到本国标准的某些部分可以是申请专利的对象，IEC将不对确认任一或所有这类专利负

责任。

IEC6047。是由IECTC17“开关设备和控制设备”的SC17A高“压开关设备和控制设备”起草的。

IEC出版物60470第二版取消和代替了1974第一版和第一号修改件(1995)，以及IEC60632-1,

除非本标准中另有规定，本标准与1996年发表的第二版IEC60694一同适用。为了简化各对应要

求的表示方法，本标准采用了IEC60694中条款的同样编号，并在同一编号下给出了对应条款的修改;

而附加条款则从101号编起。

本标准的内容是以下列文件为基础的:

FDIS表决报告

17A/545/FDIS17A/554/RVD

表决赞成本标准的全部资料可在上表指出的投票报告中找到。

附录A是本标准的组成部分。

中华人民共和国国家标准

交流高压接触器和基于GB/T14808-2001

eqvIEC60470:1999

接触器的电动机起动器

代替GB14808-1993

High-voltagealternatingcurrentcontactors

andcontactor-basedmotor-starters

概述

1.1范围和目的

本标准适用于额定电压3.6kV及以上但不超过12kV,频率50Hz及以下电力系统中使用的户内

安装的交流接触器和/或基于接触器的电动机起动器。1〕

本标准仅适用于三相系统中的三极接触器和起动器，以及用于单相系统中的单极接触器和起动器。

用于单相系统中的两极接触器和起动器应由制造厂和用户协商。

本标准涉及的接触器和/或起动器一般不用于开断短路电流，因此，适当的短路保护(见3.4.110.12

和下面的注2)可以是装置的一部分，但未必成为接触器或起动器的一部分。

本标准对下列装置提出要求:

—与过载和/或短路保护装置(SCPD)有关的接触器;

—与单独的短路保护装置和/或单独的短路以及与其成为一体的过载保护装置有关的起动器;

—根据规定的条件，与本身的短路保护装置组合在一起的接触器或起动器。这些组合电器，例如

综合起动器(见3.4.110.9)，被看作是一个整体。

本标准涉及到用于合、分电路的接触器，以及，如果与合适的继电器(见3.6.108)组合，保护线路可

能出现的过负载的接触器。

本标准也适用于接触器的操作装置及其辅助设备。

本标准涉及到用来起动电动机并将其加速至正常速度、保证电动机连续运行、切断电动机电源为电

动机及其连接的回路的过负载提供保护的电动机起动器。

电动机起动器的类型包括:

—直接起动器

—反转起动器

—双向起动器

—降低电压起动器

—自祸减压起动器

—变阻起动器

—电抗起动器

动作取决于符合GB/T14598.15的用来保护电动机的热继电器，或符合GB13232的电动机装有

的热保护装置的起动器不需要满足本标准的相关要求。

采用说明

1口与IEC6047。不同，按我国的电网情况，改为电压3.6kV及以上但不超过12kV,频率50Hz及以下

中华人民共和国国家质f监督检验检疫总局2001一11一02批准2002-06-01实施

GB/'r14808-2001

起动器的过载继电器，包括那些基于固态技术的过载继电器包含在本标准的范围内。

本标准不适用于:

—基于断路器的电动机起动器:

多极接触器或起动器的单极运行;

涉及用于在起动位置连续运行的双级自藕减压起动器;

—非对称变阻转子起动器，即所有相的电阻值均不相同的起动器;

—既可起动又可调整速度的设备;

液态起动器和“液态一蒸汽”起动器;

半导体接触器和在主回路中使用半导体接触器的起动器;

—变阻定子起动器;

—特殊用途的接触器或起动器

本标准不涉及装在接触器和基于接触器的起动器内的元件，因为它们有各自的技术要求。

注

1热电继电器应满足GB/T14598.15

2高压限流熔断器应满足GB15166.2.

3额定电压3.6kV及以上但不超过40.5kV的金属封闭开关设备和控制设备应满足GB3906.

4隔离开关和接地开关应满足GB1985.

5额定电压3.6kV及以上但不超过72.5kV的高压负荷开关应满足GB3804

本标准的目的是为了规定:

a)接触器、起动器和相关设备的特性;

b)接触器、起动器应遵循的有关条件;

—操作和特性;

—绝缘性能;

—适用时，外壳的防护等级;

—结构;

—对于综合起动器，各元件之间的相互作用，例如与SCPD的配合。

c)用于确认这些条件已经满足的试验，以及这些试验所采用的方法;

d)随机文件或制造厂的文件应表明的资料。

1.2引用标准习

下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均

为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。

GB1094.2-1996电力变压器第二部分:温升(eqvIEC60076-2:1993)

GB1984-1989交流高压断路器(neqIEC60056:1987)

GB1985-1989交流高压隔离开关和接地开关(neqIEC60129:1984)

GB/T2900.20-1994电工术语高压开关设备(neqIEC60050(441):1984)

GB3804-19903-63kV交流高压负荷开关(neqIEC60265-1:1998)

GB3906-19913-35kV交流金属封闭开关设备(neqIEC60298:1990)

GB/T5465.2-1996电器设备用图形符号(idtIEC60417:1994)

GB6450-1986干式电力变压器(eqvIEC60726:1982)

GB/T11022-1999高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求(eqvIEC60694:1996)

GB13232-1991旋转电机装人式热保护热保护器通用规则(eqvIEC60034-11-3:1984)

采用说明:

2〕本标准列出的引用标准的国家标准均已采用工EC标准，但采用程度不同。

GB/T14808-2001

GB14048.5-1993低压开关设备和控制设备控制电路电器和开关元件第1部分:机电式控制

电路电器(eqvIEC60947-5-1:1990)

GB/T14598.15-1998电气继电器电热继电器(idtIEC60255-8:1990)

GB/T15166.1-1994交流高压熔断器术语(neqIEC60050(441):1984)

GB15166.2-1994交流高压熔断器限流式熔断器(neqIEC60282-1:1985)

IEC61233:1994高压交流断路器—感性负载开合

IEC61812-1:1996工业用定时限继电器—第一部分:要求和试验

2正常和特殊使用条件

2.1正常使用条件

GB/T11022-1999中的2.1适用，并作如下修改。

户外使用时参见8.102.6.

2.2特殊使用条件

GB/T11022-1999中的2.2适用，并作如下修改。

2.2.1海拔

海拔被分为2000m和3000m二个等级，见8.102.7,

注:这些等级对有些型式的操动机构是必要条件

定义

GB/T11022-1999中的第3章适用，并作如下补充。

3.1通用木语

3.1.101控制设备

原则上指用于控制用电设备的开关及其同控制、测量、保护和调节设备的组合，以及这种开关和设

备同有关的电气连接、辅件、外壳和支持构件所组成的总装的总称。

3.1.102过电流

超过额定电流的电流。[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.81

3.1.103短路电流

在电气回路中由于故障或误联接引起短路所产生的过电流。[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.91

3.1.104过载

产生过电流或过电压的回路中的工作状态。[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.101

3.1-105导电部件

能导电但不一定能承载工作电流的部件。[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.191

3.1.106周围空气温度

按规定条件测定的围绕整个开关设备的周围空气(对封闭开关设备是其壳外空气)的平均温度。

[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.391

3.2开关设备和控制设备的总装

无特别的定义。

3.3总装的部件

无特别的定义。

3.4开关装置

3.4.101开关装置

用于关合或开断一个或几个电路电流的装置。

3.4.102机械开关装置

GB/T14808-2001

用可分离的触头来合、分一个或几个电路的开关装置。

注任何机械开关装置可按照触头分合所在的介质来分类，如，空气、SF。和油

3.4.103隔离开关

在分位置时，触头间有符合规定要求的绝缘距离和明显的断开标志;在合位置时，能承载正常回路

条件下的电流及在规定时间内异常条件(例如短路)下的电流的开关装置。[按GB/T2900.20-1994的

3.24，修改过〕

注:当回路电流“很小’，时，或者当隔离开关每极的两接线端间的电压在关合和开断前后无显著变化时，隔离开关具

有关合和开断回路的能力。

3.4.104接地开关

用于将回路接地的机械开关装置。在异常条件(如短路)下，可在规定时间内承载规定的异常电流;

但在正常回路条件下，不要求承载电流。按「GB/T2900.20-1994的3.28，修改过〕

注:接地开关可有关合短路电流的能力。

3.4.105接触器(机械的)

手动操作除外，只有一个休止位置，能关合、承载及开断正常电流及规定的过载电流的机械开关装

置。仁按GB/T2900.20-1994的3.32，修改过〕

注

1接触器也可以具有关合和开断短路电流的能力。

2接触器通常用于频繁操作

3.4.106电磁接触器

由电磁铁提供闭合常开主触头或断开常闭主触头所需的力的接触器。

3.4.107真空接触器

主触头在高真空室内断开和闭合的接触器。

3.4.108SFs接触器

主触头在SF。充气室内断开和闭合的接触器。

3.4.109锁扣接触器

操动机构断电时，由锁扣装置阻止其运动元件返回到休止位置的接触器。

注:锁扣和锁扣的释放可以是机械的、电磁的、气动的等等。

3.4.110起动器

起动和停止电动机并同适当过载保护元件组合在一起、所需的所有开合方式的组合体。

仁GB/T2900.20-1994的3.351

注:起动器可按提供合闸主触头所需力的方法来分类。

3.4.110.，直接起动器

将线路电压直接接到电动机接线端子上的起动器。[GB/T2900.20-1994的3.361

3.4-110.2反转起动器

可在电动机运转的情况下通过反接电动机一次接线使其反向转动的起动器。

3.4-110.3双向起动器

仅在电动机不运转的情况下通过反接电动机一次接线使其反向转动的起动器。

3.4-110.4降低电压起动器

降低电动机起动电压的起动器。

注:降低电压起动器包括自藕减压起动器，电抗起动器，和变阻式起动器

3.4-110.5自藕减压起动器

从自藕变压器引出一个或几个降低的电压用以起动感应电动机的起动器。

3.4-110.6变阻式起动器

用一台或数台电阻器来得到电动机起动时规定的转矩特性和限制电流的起动器。

GB/'r14808-2001

注它通常由以下三个基本部件组成，这些基本部件可以组合提供，也可以单独提供，然后在使用场所连接:

1定子供电用的机械开关装置(通常装有过载保护装置)。

2接人转子回路的电阻器。

3依次切除电阻器用的机械开关装置。

3.4.110.7转子变阻式起动器

对异步绕线转子电动机，启动期间，依次切掉预先接在转子回路中的一台或数台电阻器的变阻式起

动器。

3.4-110.8电抗起动器

用电抗器与交流电动机的定子绕组串联以对电动机起动提供降低的电压的起动器

3.4-110.9综合起动器(通常称为控制器)

由接触器、过载保护、人力外部操作的隔离开关和短路保护装置组成的，安装并接在专用外壳内的

设备。

注

1专用外壳应专门设计并按使用要求确定尺寸，起动器的全部试验都应在其中进行，它也可以包含接地功能。

z综合起动器也可用作电动机启动以外的其他场合，例如变压器的控制与保护

3.4门10.10电磁起动器

闭合主触头的力由电磁铁提供的起动器。

14.110.11n级起动器

在断开和全接通位置之间有n-1个中间加速位置的起动器。

注

1断开和接通位置之间没有中间加速位置的起动器是单级或直接起动器(见3.4.110.1)

2断开和接通位置之间只有一个中间加速位置的起动器称作双级起动器

3三级变阻式起动器具有两段用于起动的电阻

3.4.110.12短路保护装置(SCPD)

通过开断短路电流来保护电路或电路部件免受短路电流损坏的装置

3.5开关设备和控制设备的部件

3.5.101(开关设备的)极

仅与电气上分离的主回路导电路径之一相连的各开关部件，而不包括用来一起安装和操作所有极

的那些部件[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.23)

注:如果一个开关装置只有一极，就称为单极。如果开关装置多于一极，只要这些极可以一起操作，则称为多极

(2极、3极等)。

3.5.102(开关设备的)主回路

包含在传送电能的开关回路中的所有导电部分。[GB/T2900.20-1994的2.241

3.5.103(开关设备的)控制回路

包含在控制开关合、分操作回路中的所有导电部分。[GB/T2900.2。一1994的2.251

3.5.104(开关设备的)辅助回路

包含在开关主回路和控制回路以外的导电路径中的所有导电部分。[GB/T2900.2。一1994的

2.261

注:有些辅助回路用于附加要求，如信号、联锁等等。因此，这些回路也可以是其他开关的控制回路的一部分

3.5.105主触头

开关主回路中的触头，在合闸位置时承载主回路的电流。[GB/T2900.20-1994的4.4口

3.5.106控制触头

接在开关的控制回路中并由该开关用机械方式操作的触头。[GB/T2900.20-1994的4.61

3.5.107辅助触头

GB/T14808-2001

接在开关的辅助回路中并由该开关用机械方式操作的触头。[GB/T2900.20-1994的4.71

3.5.108动合触头常〔开触头〕;a触头

当开关的主触头合时闭合而主触头分时断开的控制触头或辅助触头。[GB/T2900.20-1994的

4.81

3.5.109动断触头常〔闭触头〕;b触头

当开关的主触头合时断开而主触头分时闭合的控制触头或辅助触头。[GB/T2900.20-1994的

4.91

3.6操作

3.6-101操作

动触头从一个位置转换至另一个位置的动作过程。[GB/T2900.20-1994的5.1

注

1对于断路器来说，这可以是一种合闸操作或分闸操作

2如果有必要区分，则操作的含义从电器意义t说，是关合和开断回路;而从机械意义上说是合或分

3.6-102操作循环

从一个位置转换到另一个位置再返回到初始位置的连续操作;如有多位置，则需通过所有的其他位

置。[GB/-I-2900.20-1994的5.5]

注

7这可以是一种紧接着合闸操作的分闸操作

2不构成操作循环的连续操作被称为操作系列。

3.6-103合(闸)操作

开关从分位置转换到合位置的操作。[GB/T2900.20-1994的5.37

3.6-104分(闸)操作

开关从合位置转换到分位置的操作。仁GB/T2900.20-1994的5.21

3.6-105合(闸)位置(开关装置的)

保证开关装置主回路的预定连续性(通电)的位置。[GB/T2900.20-1994的5.327

3.6.10