GB/Z 44938.1-2024 机械电气安全 第1部分：用于保护人员安全的传感器

ICS29.020

CCSK09

中华人民共和国国家标准化指导性技术文件

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

机械电气安全第1部分：用于保护

人员安全的传感器

Electricalsafetyofmachinery—Part1：Safety⁃relatedsensorsusedforthe

protectionofpersons

（IECTS62998⁃1：2019，Safetyofmachinery—Safety⁃relatedsensorsusedfor

theprotectionofpersons，IDT）

2024⁃12⁃31发布2025⁃07⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅴ

引言··························································································································Ⅵ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································2

3.1特性和性能········································································································3

3.2可信度··············································································································4

3.3规程和结构的商议·······························································································5

3.4系统相关术语·····································································································7

3.5融合·················································································································8

3.6安全相关信息·····································································································8

3.7试验················································································································10

3.8用户类别··········································································································11

3.9验证和确认·······································································································12

4生命周期以及与安全相关控制系统（SCS）的相互联系······················································13

4.1通则················································································································13

4.2危险和风险分析·································································································15

4.3对应SRS/SRSS性能等级····················································································16

5设计和开发阶段······································································································17

5.1通则················································································································17

5.2SRS/SRSS功能································································································17

5.3设计分析··········································································································18

5.4模拟················································································································18

5.5感应区·············································································································19

5.6安全相关区·······································································································19

5.7自动化相关区····································································································19

5.8检测能力和可信性······························································································19

5.9用户界面··········································································································23

6集成和安装阶段······································································································25

6.1通则················································································································25

6.2将SRS融合到一个SRSS中·················································································26

6.3用户校准··········································································································29

7工作、维护和修改阶段·······························································································30

Ⅰ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

8验证和确认············································································································30

8.1通用要求··········································································································30

8.2SRS/SRSS的验证·····························································································30

8.3SRS/SRSS的确认·····························································································31

8.4分析················································································································32

8.5试验················································································································33

9使用说明···············································································································35

附录A（资料性）系统性能力的检查················································································37

附录B（资料性）用户类别····························································································38

B.1SRS/SRSS用户类别和本文件所涵盖的用户类别······················································38

B.2融合所涉及的用户类别·······················································································38

附录C（资料性）功能分解和/或整合··············································································41

附录D（规范性）模拟模型的生成和应用··········································································43

D.1概述···············································································································43

D.2使用建议·········································································································43

D.3模拟目标及实现措施··························································································43

D.4验证···············································································································44

附录E（资料性）儿童属性和行为···················································································46

E.1概述···············································································································46

E.2身体部位的尺寸································································································46

附录F（资料性）环境影响····························································································50

F.1概述···············································································································50

F.2环境影响应用示例1···························································································50

F.3环境影响应用示例2···························································································51

附录G（资料性）导致SRS/SRSS安全相关功能丧失的故障、失效和影响································53

G.1概述···············································································································53

G.2危险失效·········································································································55

G.3正常运行·········································································································56

G.4作为安全相关信息一部分的触发故障反应功能和置信度信息的信号······························56

附录H（资料性）试验因素····························································································58

H.1概述···············································································································58

H.2机械影响试验···································································································58

附录I（资料性）功能、安全相关信息和融合的示例·····························································61

I.1功能示例··········································································································61

I.2安全相关信息示例······························································································61

I.3融合示例··········································································································63

Ⅱ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

参考文献····················································································································66

图1测量准确度和测量不确定度·····················································································4

图2SRS结构示例1···································································································13

图3SRS结构示例2···································································································14

图4SRSS结构示例···································································································14

图5SRS/SRSS危险和风险分析流程·············································································15

图6SRS/SRSS的安全相关信息···················································································24

图A.1使用安全相关传感器标准对系统性能力进行检查的示例············································37

图C.1功能和物体之间的相互联系················································································41

图C.2在SRSS中执行的功能示例················································································42

图D.1验证流程········································································································45

图E.1儿童身高·········································································································47

图E.2儿童胸深·········································································································47

图E.3儿童头宽·········································································································48

图E.4儿童头长·········································································································49

图G.1因丧失或绕过安全功能而导致额外风险的故障、失效或错误组合··································53

图G.2在设计和开发阶段防止因危险失效而导致系统性故障的系统性能力分析·······················54

图G.3针对导致故障反应功能的系统性故障的应对方式·····················································56

图G.4针对产生相关置信度信息的错误的应对方式···························································56

图I.1SRS在道路交叉口的应用示例··············································································61

图I.2提供判定和置信度信息的SRS/SRSS示例······························································62

图I.3SRS/SRSS提供测量和置信度信息的示例·······························································62

图I.4将2个SRS融合到一个SRSS以产生组合感应区的第一个示例···································63

图I.5SRS安全相关信息的融合····················································································64

图I.6根据SRS使用说明和SRSS安全要求规范进行的验证和确认方法································64

图I.7将2个SRS融合到一个SRSS以产生组合感应区的第二个示例···································65

表1所需要的最低SRS/SRSS性能等级与安全性能等级之间的对应关系·······························16

表2SRS/SRSS功能（在适当的情况下）··········································································18

表3包含环境要求的标准····························································································21

表4在高要求模式下因环境干扰导致危险失效（检测能力丧失）的限值···································22

表5在高要求率条件下所需要的最低包含概率/判定概率····················································25

表6两个SRS融合之后所适用的SRSS最高性能等级·······················································28

表7用于评估验证措施和验证结果的方法·······································································31

表8需要提供的使用说明概览······················································································36

Ⅲ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

表B.1各种用户类别的角色和任务·················································································38

表B.2（使用检测单元、SRS/SRSS元件或SRS子系统的）不同集成类型所涉及的用户类别········39

表D.1低复杂度SRS/SRSS的模拟目标与措施································································43

表D.2高复杂度SRS/SRSS的模拟目标与措施································································44

表E.1儿童身高·········································································································46

表E.2儿童胸深·········································································································47

表E.3儿童头宽·········································································································48

表E.4儿童头长·········································································································48

表F.1符合IEC60721⁃3⁃5的环境影响和等级示例1···························································50

表F.2符合IEC60721⁃3⁃3的环境影响和等级示例2··························································52

表G.1表G.2数值计算所使用的要求率··········································································55

表G.2高要求率条件下因环境影响所导致的危险失效（检测能力丧失）限值·····························55

表H.1机械影响试验的试验计划和试验结果示例······························································59

Ⅳ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件是GB/Z44938《机械电气安全》的第1部分。GB/Z44938已经发布了以下部分：

——第1部分：用于保护人员安全的传感器；

——第2部分：保护人员安全的传感器的应用示例。

本文件等同采用IECTS62998⁃1：2019《机械安全用于保护人员安全的传感器》。文件类型由

IEC的技术规范调整为我国的国家标准化指导性技术文件。

本文件做了下列最小限度的编辑性改动：

——为与现有标准协调，将标准名称改为《机械电气安全第1部分：用于保护人员安全的传

感器》；

——附录E增加了注，补充说明中国儿童属性和行为测量数据信息。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国工业机械电气系统标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC231）归口。

本文件起草单位：北京机床研究所有限公司、西安交通大学、中国石油大学（北京）、厦门夏博电子

科技有限公司、广东拓斯达科技股份有限公司、永林电子股份有限公司、上海长江汲智传感技术有限公

司、郑州煤机智能工作面科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：薛瑞娟、王金江、吴翟、张颖、林启敬、黄祖广、赵立波、吴怡然、张培森、高知国、

王楚婷、罗国希、李诗文、梁振锋、林启程、薛文锋、张文琦。

Ⅴ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

引言

安全相关传感器主要用于存在人员受伤风险的机械设备上。安全相关传感器可使机器在有人处

于危险状况前回复到安全状态，从而实现人员保护。目前，传感器行业主要使用通用功能安全标准

IEC61508系列标准，或者具体领域的机械标准IEC62061和ISO13849系列标准作为安全相关产品

的设计指南，但这些标准并未就对于在特定环境条件下如何避免设计失败或无法检测指定物体，给出

足够的指导，可能导致无法承受的人员风险。GB/Z44938明确了传感器或传感器系统的功能安全，规

范了传感器和传感器系统在系统性方面的开发与集成的要求，填补了具体传感器设计标准与电气、电

子和可编程电子控制系统的通用功能安全标准之间系统性能力验证方面的空白，GB/Z44938拟由

3个部分组成。

——第1部分：用于保护人员安全的传感器。目的在于提高我国机械电气设备的安全水平，保障

相关从业人员的人身安全，指导保护人员安全的传感器的设计制造与生产使用过程，规范保

护人员安全的传感器的功能、安全及试验要求。

——第2部分：保护人员安全的传感器的应用示例。目的在于为使用第1部分提供指南和应用

示例。

——第3部分：传感器技术和算法。目的在于指导如何正确实施算法以防止人们承受不可容忍的

风险。

GB/Z44938可提高传感器或传感系统的功能安全水平，为安全相关传感器制造商和安全相关传

感器系统集成商提供指导。

Ⅵ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998⁃1:2019

机械电气安全第1部分：用于保护

人员安全的传感器

1范围

本文件规定了关注系统性能力的用于保护人员安全的安全相关传感器（SRS）和安全相关传感器

系统（SRSS）在开发、集成方面的要求。

本文件仅适用于下述条件：

——使用传感器实现人员保护；并且

——将传感器视作子系统或子系统元件的电气控制系统功能安全标准；以及

——特定产品传感器标准（比如IEC61496（所有部分）和IEC60947⁃5⁃2）并不包含必要规定或特

定产品传感器标准尚未发布。

使用各种安全相关传感器标准进行系统性能力验证的示例见附录A。

本文件所有要求和研究方法均仅限于通过下述方式实现人员保护：

——检测潜在危险物体；

——检测人体、人体部位及与人体有关物体进入危险区域；或者

——识别这些部位与其他物体之间的差异。

注1：在公共场合使用SRS/SRSS不仅要求对人进行检测，还要求检测与其有关的设备，比如轮椅、拐杖和输液

架等。

传感器和传感器系统的性能等级参照现有功能安全标准（比如IEC62061，IEC61508（所有部分）

和ISO13849（所有部分）中的定义。

注2：为简单起见并避免误用，本文件未像IEC61496⁃1那样进行类型定义或联系。通过关联现有性能等级（PL）、

安全完整性等级（SIL）或SIL要求限度（子系统）（SILcl），以简化终端用户的使用过程。

需要特别注意检测功能和检测能力可信度。环境影响和室内外应用试验均被定义并且会先影响

检测功能和检测能力的可信度。

注3：环境影响及其分类和试验步骤主要参照通用环境标准的要求。只有在缺乏相关标准的情况下，才会提供更具

体的要求和试验。

本文件也适用于其他行业的人员保护应用，比如农业或地铁站等公共场所的人员保护。

与IEC61508⁃2不同，本文件并未考虑和涉及实际应用要求（比如过程或元件等）。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB28526—2012机械电气安全安全相关电气、电子和可编程电子控制系统的功能安全

（IEC62061：2005，IDT）

ISO7250（所有部分）用于技术设计的基本人体测量（Basichumanbodymeasurementsfortechno⁃

logicaldesign）

ISO13849（所有部分）机械安全控制系统安全相关部件（Safetyofmachinery—Safety⁃related

1