T/CSTM 00833E-2022 轨道交通用驱动齿轮锻件技术规范

ICS21.200

CCSJ17

AssociationStandard

T/CSTM00833E—2022

Specificationofdrivinggearforgingforrail

transport

轨道交通用驱动齿轮锻件技术规范

(EnglishTranslation)

Issueddate:2023-07-25Implementationdate：2023-10-25

IssuedbyChineseSocietyforTesting&Materials，Zhongguancun

Contents

1Scope................................................................................4

2Normativereferences...................................................................4

3Termsanddefinitions...................................................................5

4Classification..........................................................................8

5Smelting.............................................................................8

5.1Nameandchemicalcomposition......................................................8

5.2Technicalrequirements..............................................................9

6Forging.............................................................................11

6.1Forgingsclassification..............................................................11

6.2Technologicalprocess..............................................................11

6.3Processrequirements...............................................................11

7Forgingproducts......................................................................12

7.1Deliverystatus....................................................................12

7.2Mechanicalpropertiesandsampling...................................................12

7.3Macrostructure...................................................................22

7.4Microstructure....................................................................22

7.5Hardenability.....................................................................23

7.6Ultrasonicflawdetection...........................................................27

7.7Shapeanddimensions..............................................................28

7.8Appearance......................................................................28

7.9Marking.........................................................................28

7.10Others.........................................................................29

8Determination........................................................................29

8.1Retest...........................................................................29

8.2Reheattreatment..................................................................29

8.3Inspectionsrules..................................................................29

AnnexA(Informative)Specimensformechanicalproperties....................................31

Bibliography...........................................................................33

T/CSTM00833E—2022

Foreword

CSTM/FC991isinchargeofthisEnglishtranslation.IncaseofanydoubtaboutthecontentsofEnglish

translation,theChineseoriginalshallbeconsideredauthoritative.

ThisdocumentisdraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheGB/T1.1—2020Directivesfor

standardization―Part1:RulesforthestructureanddraftingofstandardizingdocumentsandGB/T

20001.10—2014Rulesfordraftingstandards―Part10:Productstandards.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatent

rights.Theissuingbodyofthisdocumentshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatent

rights.

ThisdocumentwasjointlyproposedbyCSTM/FC99,Integratedstandardization,andSAC/TC52(The

NationalTechnicalCommitteeforGearStandardization).

ThisdocumentwaspreparedbyCSTM/FC99,Integratedstandardization.

1ChineseSocietyforTesting&Materials,Zhongguancun--abbreviatedasCSTM.

FieldCommittee--abbreviatedasFC.

II

T/CSTM00833E—2022

Introduction

Technologiesofrailtransportequipmenthaveundergoneseveralstagesfromthe“leapfrogdevelopmentofrailway”

proposedbytheMinistryofRailwaysofthePRCin2003totheCRH380Agearboxdrivingdevicebeinglistedasa

nationalkeynewproductin2014.Themaintechnicaldifficultiesareasfollows:

a)Duetothefastrunningspeedofthetrain,itneedstofacetheextremelyharshoperatingenvironmentsuchas

hightemperature,severecold,humidity,sandanddust,etc.

b)Inthenarrowspaceunderthetrain,therearegaugerestrictionsanddistancerequirementsbetweentheground

andtherailsurface;

c)Thesingle-stagetransmissionratioislarge.

Inviewoftheabovecharacteristics,railtransportgearproductsneedtomeet(super)highreliabilityrequirements,

andforgingsasthesourcecomponentsneedtobestrictlyregulated.Thisdocumentlistsspecificationsmainly

concerningthefollowingaspects:

a)Thesmeltingleveldirectlyaffectsthefinalperformanceofproducts,anddifferentsmeltingrequirementsareput

forwardforproductsofdifferentuses.ThegearcarburizedsteelisCr－Mnsteelseries.Duringthe

manufacturingprocess,itssurfaceneedstobecarburizedbychemicalheattreatment.However,withhighgear

carburizationtemperature(930℃)andlongcarburizationtime(3h-6h),theaustenitegraintendstogrow,andthe

graincoarsenessormixedcrystalphenomenonareoftenobserved.Theseleadtoanincreaseingearquenching

deformationandcrackingtendency.Atthesametime,itsignificantlyreducesthestructuralstrengthofthegear,

whichleadstostressconcentration,andtendstobringaboutbrittlefractureofthegear.Thisdocumentspecifies

therangeofaluminumandnitrogenratio,whichisconducivetoreducingthephenomenonofmixedcrystal.As

17CrNiMo6HintheDINstandardisalsowidelyusedinactualproduction,consideringtheinterchangeabilityof

thetwomaterials,thecontentofMnin18Cr2Ni2MoHisadjustedfrom0.50-0.90to0.45-0.65.

b)Appropriateforgingratioandpostforgingheattreatmentcanhelptoimprovethedefectssuchasporosity,pores,

shrinkagecavityandbandedstructureintheingot,andcanalsofullybreakthesegregationandinclusionsinthe

ingottomakethestructureuniform.Thisdocumentgivestheforgingprocessandbasicprocessrequirementsfor

differenttypesofforgings,whichisconducivetoobtainingforgingswithstablequality.

c)Forthemechanicalpropertytestandtypetestofdifferentparts,specificsamplingpositionsandsampling

directionsaregiventoavoidinconsistencybetweentests.

d)Inultrasonicflawdetection,differentacceptancemethodsareadoptedfordifferentforgings,whichismore

economicalandreasonable.

Atpresent,thoughdomesticstandardsconcerninggearforgings,suchasGB/T37683—2019Largegearandgirth

gearforgings—Technicalspecification,GB/T39430—2020Specificationsfortheblanksofhighreliabilitygears,

TB/T2989—2015Gearforrailwaylocomotiveandpowercar,YB/T4741—2019Steelsforgearsofrailway

industry,havereferredtosmelting,forging,testingandotheraspects,theyarenotspecificallyfordrivinggear

forgingsforrailtransport.Thisdocumentprovidesdetailedprocessandinspectionrequirements,whichare

convenientforpracticaloperation.

III

T/CSTM00833E—2022

Specificationofdrivinggearforgingforrailtransport

1ScopeThisdocumentspecifiestheclassification,smelting,forging,productsanddeterminationofdriving

gearforgingsforrailtransport,aswellasthebodysamplingdiagramscorrespondingtogearforgingswithdifferent

shapes.

Thisdocumentisapplicabletothemanufacturingandinspectionofgearforgingsusedfortractiondriveson

rail-orientedtransportationequipment(high-speedEMUs,locomotivesandurbanrailtrains,etc.).Othergear

forgingswithhighreliabilityrequirementsandsimilarappearancesanddimensionscanalsobeusedforreference.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,

onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includingany

amendments)applies.

GB/T222Permissibletolerancesforchemicalcompositionofsteelproducts

GB/T223(Allparts)Methodsforchemicalanalysisofiron,steelandalloy

GB/T225Steel—Hardenabilitytestbyendquenching(Jominytest)

GB/T226Testmethodformacrostructureanddefectofsteelbyetching

GB/T228.1Metallicmaterials—Tensiletesting—Part1:Methodoftestatroomtemperature

GB/T229Metallicmaterials—Charpypendulumimpacttestmethod

GB/T231.1Metallicmaterials—Brinellhardnesstest—Part1:Testmethod

GB/T1979Standarddiagramsformacrostructureanddefectofstructuralsteels

GB/T4336Carbonandlow-alloysteel—Determinationofmulti-elementcontents—Sparkdischargeatomic

spectrometricmethod(routinemethod)

GB/T5611Foundryterminology

GB/T6394—2017Determinationofestimatingtheaveragegrainsizeofmetal

GB/T8541Terminologyofforgingandstamping

GB/T10561Steel—Determinationofcontentofnonmetallicinclusions—Micrographicmethodusing

standardsdiagrams

GB/T11261SteelandironDeterminationofoxygencontentThepulseheatinginertgasfusion-infra-red

absorptionmethod

GB/T20123Steelandiron—DeterminationoftotalcarbonandsulfurcontentInfraredabsorptionmethod

aftercombustioninaninductionfurnace(routinemethod)

GB/T20124Steelandiron—Determinationofnitrogencontent—Thermalconductimetricmethodafter

fusioninacurrentofinsertgas(Routinemethod)

GB/T32818Metallurgicalequipment—Terminology

JB/T5000.15—2007Heavymechanicalgeneraltechniquesandstandards—Part15:Non-destructive

inspectionofforgedsteel

YB/T153Standarddiagramsformacrostructureanddefectinqualitycarbonstructuralsteelandalloy

structuralsteelcontinuouscastingblank

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T/CSTM00833E—2022

3Termsanddefinitions

ThetermsanddefinitionsdefinedinGB/T32818,GB/T5611andGB/T8541andlistedbelowapplytothis

document.

3.1

alternating-currentelectricarcfurnace

completesetofequipmentforsmeltingbysupplyingalternatingcurrentfromthefurnacetransformertogenerate

electricarcbetweentheelectrodesandthecharge,thusmeltingthecharge.

[SOURCE:GB/T32818—2016,5.3.1,modified]

3.2

converter

metallurgicalfurnacewithtiltablefurnacebodyforblowingmoltenironandotherchargeintomoltensteel.The

furnacebodyisacylindricaltank,whichcanberotatedaroundahorizontalaxisperpendiculartoitscenterlineto

performvarioussmeltingoperationsandcompletemetallurgicalfunctionssuchasdecarburization,desulfurization,

anddephosphorization.

[SOURCE:GB/T32818—2016,5.5.1]

3.3

ladle(heating)furnace

LF

devicecharacterizedbysubmergedarcheatinginreducingatmosphere,formingsyntheticslagandstirringby

blowingArfromunderneath,andwithgooddesulfurizationandalloyingfunctions.Whetheravacuumsystemis

equippedisdeterminedbytheprocessneeds,anditisoftenoperatedintandemwiththeRH(doubletubevacuum

circulationdegassing),DH(vacuumliftingdegassingfordehydrogenation,deoxidizationanddenitrificationinsteel)

orVD(vacuumdegassing)devicestorefinehighpurityalloysteel.

[SOURCE:GB/T32818—2016,5.6.10,modified]

3.4

vacuumdegasser

VD

devicefordegassing,adjustingthecompositionofmoltensteel,homogenizingthetemperatureofmoltensteeland

removinginclusionsundertheconditionofvacuumandpressurereductionandwiththehelpofblowinginertgas

intothemoltensteelfromthebottomoftheladletostirthemoltensteel(orsettinganelectromagneticstirrertostir

themoltensteel)

[SOURCE:GB/T32818—2016,5.6.3]

3.5

RH-vacuumdegasser

doublepipevacuumcirculationdegassingdevice.Itmainlyincludes:avacuumchamber,anairextractionsystem,a

vacuumchargingsystem,anelectrodeheatingsystem,avacuumchamberbakingsystem,avacuumchamberor

ladleliftingsystem,avacuumchamberreplacementsystem,theEICsystem,etc.

Note1toentry:Whiledegassing,insertthecirculatingflowpipe(riseranddowncomer)intothemoltensteel,

enablethemoltensteeltoenterthevacuumchamberthroughtheriserbyvacuumdifferentialpressure,andblowin

thedrivinggas(nitrogenorargon)atthesametime.Usethebubblepumpprincipletoleadthemoltensteelto

continuouslycirculatefromtheladle,throughtheriser,thevacuumchamberandthedowncomerandbacktothe

ladle,andremovethegas(hydrogen)inthevacuumchamber.

[SOURCE:GB/T32818—2016,5.6.2,modified—Note1toentryhasbeenadded.]

3.6

continuouscasting

processinwhichmetaliscontinuouslypouredintoawater-cooledmetalmoldandsolidifiedintometalblanks

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T/CSTM00833E—2022

Note1toentry:Themolddeterminesthesectionshapeoftheprofileandisthelinkconnectingthesteelmakingand

rolling.

[SOURCE:GB/T5611—2017,7.6.1—Note1toentryhasbeenmodified.]

3.7

diecasting

processinwhichsteelingotswithgoodsurface,pureinterioranddensestructureareformedaftersolidificationof

themoltensteelpouredintothecavitymold

3.8

riser

feederhead

headofthemoldcastingingotandelectroslagingotwithfunctionsoffeeding,collectingslag,exhausting,reducing

ingotsegregation,concentratinginclusionsandpurifying,etc

[SOURCE:GB/T5611—2017,5.3.34,modified]

3.9

gate

runninggate

jointofingotandingotmoldformedduringmoltenmetalcasting

3.10

electroslagremelting

methodofsmeltingthechargeagainusingtheresistanceheatgeneratedwhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughthe

moltenslag

Note1toentry:Thesteelingotafterelectroslagremeltinghashighpurity,lowsulfurcontent,lessnon-metallic

inclusions,smoothsurface,clean,uniformanddensetexture,anduniformmetallographicstructureandchemical

composition.Itsas-castmechanicalpropertiescanreachorexceedtheindexesofforgingsmadeofthesamesteel.

3.11

basewad

partoftheelectrodeblankthatbeginstomeltduringelectroslagremelting

3.12

principlestrain

maindirectionofthemetaldeformationflowduringforging

3.13

forgingratio

methodofexpressingthedegreeofdeformationduringforging,whichisusuallyexpressedbythecross-sectional

arearatio,lengthratioorheightratiobeforeandafterdeformation

[SOURCE:GB/T8541—2012,5.1.39]

3.14

opendieforging

processwheredirectionofthegapbetweenthetwohalvesofthedieisperpendiculartothedirectionofthedie

movement,andthegapdecreasescontinuouslyintheprocess

[SOURCE:GB/T8541—2012,5.2.1,modified]

3.15

closeddieforging

processwheredirectionofthegapbetweenthetwohalvesofthedieisparalleltothedirectionofthediemovement,

andthesizeofthegapstaysunchangedintheprocess

[SOURCE:GB/T8541—2012,5.2.2,modified]

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T/CSTM00833E—2022

3.16

loosetoolingforging

processofproducingdieforgingswithmovablediesonfreeforgingequipment

[SOURCE:GB/T8541—2012,5.2.17]

3.17

flatdieforging

freeforging

processofobtainingforgingsofthedesiredgeometryandinternalqualityusingonlysimpleuniversaltoolsorby

directlydeformingtheblankbetweentheupperandloweranvilsoftheforgingequipment

[SOURCE:GB/T8541—2012,5.1]

3.18

axialspecimen

sampletakennearthetoothandalongtheaxialdirectionofthepart(alsotheaxialdirectioninthecrystallization

processoftheingot,electroslagingot,andcontinuouscastingblank),asshowninFigure1b)

3.19

transversespecimen

sampletakennearthetoothandalongthediameterdirectionofthepartasshowninFigure1

3.20

tangentialspecimen

sampletakennearthetoothandalongthecircumferentialdirectionofthepart,asshowninFigure1

a)Ringparts

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T/CSTM00833E—2022

b)Shaftparts

Key:

1axialspecimen,A

2tangentialspecimen,T

3transversespecimen,C

Figure1—Samplingdirectionformechanicalpropertiesofforgings

4Classification

Accordingtotheoperatingconditions,operatingcharacteristicsandsmeltingrequirements,gearforgingsare

dividedintothefollowingfourgroups:

—GroupⅠ:applicabletopowerdispersiveEMUswithaspeednotlessthan200km/h,whicharecharacterized

withhighrunningspeed,bettercontactfatiguepropertiesofmaterials,orfrequentstarting.

—GroupⅡ:applicabletopowerlocomotives,passengerlocomotives,andheavy-dutyfreightlocomotivesof

EMUswithaspeedrangingfrom160km/hto200km/h,whicharecharacterizedwithlargetractionforceand

goodbendingfatiguepropertiesofmaterials.

—GroupⅢ:applicabletopowervehicleswithaspeednotgreaterthan160km/h,suchassubway,lightrailand

othervehicles,whicharecharacterizedwithfrequentstartingandbraking,andgoodimpactresistanceof

materials.

—GroupⅣ:applicabletoengineeringvehiclessuchasthoseusedinrailrepairandrescue.

5Smelting

5.1Nameandchemicalcomposition

5.1.1Thesuppliershallconductsmeltinganalysisoneachheatofsteelandtheanalysisresultsshallcomplywith

provisionsinTable1andTable2.

5.1.2Whentheuserhasrequirementsforfinishedproductanalysis,thesuppliershallcarryoutfinishedproduct

analysisoftheforgings,andtheallowabledeviationshallconformtotheprovisionsinGB/T222.