GB/T 45796-2025 空气负离子观测方法 电容式吸入法

ICS07.060

CCSA47

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T45796—2025

空气负离子观测方法电容式吸入法

Methodforairnegativeionconcentrationobservation—Capacitanceinhalation

2025⁃05⁃30发布2025⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T45796—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4测量原理与方法········································································································1

4.1原理·················································································································1

4.2方法·················································································································2

4.3主要技术指标·····································································································2

5校准方法·················································································································3

5.1工作环境···········································································································3

5.2设备与设施········································································································3

5.3临界空气离子迁移率检验······················································································4

5.4离子浓度校准·····································································································4

6数据记录、质量控制与平均值处理方法···········································································5

6.1数据记录···········································································································5

6.2质量控制···········································································································5

6.3平均值处理········································································································6

参考文献·····················································································································7

Ⅰ

GB/T45796—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国气象局提出。

本文件由全国气候与气候变化标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC540）归口。

本文件起草单位：中国气象局气象探测中心、北京维迪科技发展有限公司、北京象元气象观测技术

研究院、湖北省气象信息与技术保障中心（湖北省气象档案馆、新一代天气雷达技术支持武汉分中心）、

北京市气象探测中心、国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院、浙江省大气探测技术保障中心、云南省大气

探测技术保障中心、新疆维吾尔自治区气象技术装备保障中心、国家气象信息中心、北京沃斯彤科技有

限公司、华云升达（北京）气象科技有限责任公司、北京东创旭新测控技术有限公司、北京思湃德信息技

术有限公司、中国气象局公共气象服务中心、中国计量科学研究院、中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息

研究所、青岛市气象局、云南省气象科学研究所威德创新科技（北京）有限公司、北京依派伟业数码科技

有限公司、深圳市万仪科技有限公司、荣标科技有限公司、中网动力（北京）科技发展有限公司、北京华

创维想科技开发有限责任公司、北京朗净时代环境科技有限公司、中国建筑科学研究院有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：张晓春、王缅、孙志于、杜波、刘雯、王垚、李维民、马芳、于丽萍、廖成章、刘钧、

邹晨曦、邵海明、屈雅、罗昶、叶兵、俞增胜、张锦孚、胡玉峰、谢舟、张垒、张江、陆勇、王宜瑞、王红春、

邓高峰、金琪、张万诚。

Ⅲ

GB/T45796—2025

空气负离子观测方法电容式吸入法

1范围

本文件确立了电容式吸入法测量空气负离子浓度的测量原理，描述了该测量方法，规定了测量的

技术指标、校准方法、数据记录、质量控制与平均值处理方法等要求。

本文件适用于电容式吸入法对空气中负离子浓度的测量。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T4883数据的统计处理和解释正态样本离群值的判断和处理

QX/T118气象观测资料质量控制地面

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

空气离子airion

空气中带正电荷或负电荷的气体分子或分子团或其他悬浮的细小微粒。

[来源：GB/T18809—2019，3.1]

3.2

空气离子迁移率airionmobility

空气离子在单位强度（V/m）电场中的迁移速率。

注：单位为平方米每伏秒[m2/（V·s）]或平方厘米每伏秒[cm2/（V·s）]。

[来源：GB/T18809—2019，3.3]

3.3

空气负离子airnegativeion

带负电荷的空气离子，简称负离子。

[来源：GB/T18809—2019，3.4]

3.4

临界空气离子迁移率criticalairionmobility

能被离子收集器捕获的空气离子在单位强度电场中的迁移速率的最小值。

4测量原理与方法

4.1原理

含有离子的空气被吸入电容式结构的离子收集器，在电场作用下，空气离子迁移率大于临界空气

1