GB/T 37162.1-2026 液压传动 液体颗粒污染度的监测 第1部分：总则

ICS23.100.60

CCSJ20

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

代替GB/T37162.1—2018

液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测

第1部分：总则

Hydraulicfluidpower—Monitoringthelevelofparticulatecontaminationof

thefluid—Part1：Generalprinciples

（ISO21018⁃1：2024，IDT）

2026⁃07⁃30发布2027⁃02⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································2

4健康与安全··············································································································3

4.1通则·················································································································3

4.2电源·················································································································4

4.3流体动力源········································································································4

4.4液体处理···········································································································4

4.5电气接地···········································································································4

4.6环保·················································································································4

5监测方法的选择········································································································4

5.1通则·················································································································4

5.2选择·················································································································4

6程序及注意事项········································································································5

6.1通则·················································································································5

6.2取样·················································································································5

6.3分析·················································································································5

6.4校准·················································································································6

6.5数据有效性检查··································································································6

6.6培训·················································································································7

6.7监测准确性的控制·······························································································7

7监测报告·················································································································7

附录A（资料性）监测技术的特征概要·············································································8

A.1取样和分析的方式·······························································································8

A.2监测仪器的选择··································································································9

附录B（资料性）污染监测方法及其优缺点······································································14

B.1滤膜对比法······································································································14

B.2激光衍射法······································································································14

B.3电阻法············································································································15

B.4滤膜阻塞法······································································································15

B.5称重分析法······································································································16

Ⅰ

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

B.6自动颗粒计数法································································································17

B.7光学显微镜计数法·····························································································18

B.8扫描电子显微镜法·····························································································19

B.9薄膜磨蚀法······································································································19

参考文献····················································································································21

Ⅱ

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件是GB/T37162《液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测》的第1部分。GB/T37162已经发布

了以下部分：

——第1部分：总则；

——第3部分：利用滤膜阻塞技术；

——第4部分：遮光技术的应用。

本文件代替GB/T37162.1—2018《液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测第1部分：总则》，与

GB/T37162.1—2018相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

——更改了“自动颗粒计数器”的定义（见3.1，2018年版的3.1）；

——增加了“颗粒污染监测仪”的术语和定义（见3.2）；

——更改了“滤网”的定义（见3.10，2018年版的3.9）；

——删除了“取样器”的术语和定义（见2018年版的3.15）；

——增加了“抽吸取样”的术语和定义（见3.17）；

——删除了溶剂的处理（见2018年版的4.4.2）。

本文件等同采用ISO21018⁃1：2024《液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测第1部分：总则》。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国液压气动标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC3）归口。

本文件起草单位：航空工业（新乡）计测科技有限公司、天津天河分析仪器有限公司、天津市罗根科

兴科技有限公司、成都以太航空保障工程技术有限责任公司、中国计量科学研究院、九江七所精密机电

科技有限公司、北京化工大学。

本文件主要起草人：郝新友、徐兴隆、王晓庆、曲丹丹、李建明、张文阁、鄢恒飞、李方俊。

本文件于2018年首次发布，本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

引言

在液压系统中，动力是借助于密闭回路中的受压液体来传递和控制的。该液体既是润滑剂又是动

力传递介质。液体中固体颗粒污染物的存在不仅会降低液压油液的润滑性能，而且还会导致元件的磨

损。液体中颗粒污染的程度与系统的性能和可靠性直接相关，因此需要将其控制在系统允许的范围

内。液压过滤器可用于控制颗粒污染物的数量，使之既适应于系统的污染敏感度，又满足用户的可靠

性要求。

液压设备的用户通常会规定元件、系统和生产过程的最高颗粒污染度，这些规定的最高颗粒污染

度通常被称为目标清洁度（RCL）。清洁度通过对液压油液取样并测量颗粒污染度得到。如果测得的

颗粒污染度高于目标清洁度，则需要采取措施降低颗粒污染度。为了避免因不必要的措施所带来的昂

贵代价，就需要准确取样并测量颗粒污染度。

可供选择的测量仪器非常多，但是这些仪器通常是在专业实验室特定环境中使用，液压设备的用

户无法及时获得测量结果。为了克服这一缺陷，可用于工作现场、邻近工作现场或直接采用在线或主

线分析技术测量颗粒污染度的仪器正不断被研发出来。对于这些工作现场使用的仪器，难以直接溯源

到国家测量标准，因为这些仪器通常用于监测系统大致的颗粒污染度或仅告知用户颗粒污染度有无明

显变化。当监测到的颗粒污染度有明显变化时，通常才采用认可的颗粒计数方法去判定实际的颗粒污

染度。同时，与同类的实验室仪器相比，这些监测仪器简化了电路和结构，这也就意味着它们的结果可

能并不那么准确和精确。

另外，还有一些仪器是按照“合格/不合格”的原则设计的，具有快速评定颗粒污染度的能力，在流

体传动行业和其他行业获得广泛应用，然而，这些仪器由于缺乏一个使用、重新校准（若适用）和检查输

出结果有效性的标准方法，其测量数据的不确定性比预期的要高得多。

本文件旨在为这些监测液压系统颗粒污染度的仪器（尤其是那些无法或不适用于直接溯源到国家

测量标准的仪器）提供一个统一的、一致的操作程序。

GB/T37162《液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测》旨在确立国内液压系统中液体颗粒污染度的监

测方法准则，拟由六个部分构成。

——第1部分：总则。目的在于为液压传动系统液体颗粒污染度的监测提供统一的术语、原则、方

法和基本要求，规范监测流程，保障监测结果的一致性与可靠性，指导相关方法的正确选择与

应用。

——第2部分：污染监控的校准和验证。目的在于规范液压传动液体颗粒污染度监测仪器的校准

与验证要求、方法和流程，保障监测仪器精度可靠、测量结果准确可比，支撑污染度监测工作

有效开展。

——第3部分：利用滤膜阻塞技术。目的在于规范滤膜阻塞技术在液压传动液体颗粒污染度监测

中的应用要求、试验程序与判定，确保采用该方法检测的污染度数据准确、可比，为液压系统

污染控制提供可靠检测依据。

——第4部分：遮光技术的应用。目的在于规范遮光技术在液压传动液体颗粒污染度监测中的应

用要求、试验程序与判定，确保采用该方法检测的污染度数据准确、可比。

——第5部分：图像分析技术的应用。目的在于规范图像分析技术在液压传动液体颗粒污染度监

测中的应用要求、试验程序与判定，确保采用该方法检测的污染度数据准确、可比。

——第6部分：电磁感应技术的应用。目的在于规范电磁感应技术在液压传动液体颗粒污染度监

测中的应用要求、试验程序与判定，确保采用该方法检测的污染度数据准确、可比。

Ⅳ

GB/T37162.1—2026/ISO21018⁃1：2024

液压传动液体颗粒污染度的监测

第1部分：总则

1范围

本文件规定了液压系统颗粒污染度的监测方法和技术，其相应的监测仪器无法按照ISO11171进

行校准。本文件同时描述了各种方法的优缺点，以便在给定条件下正确选择监测方法。

本文件描述的方法适用于监测以下对象的颗粒污染度：

a）液压系统；

b）冲洗过程；

c）辅助设备和试验台。

本文件也适用于其他液体（例如：润滑油、燃油、处理液）的监测。

注：用于监测颗粒污染度，却无法按照ISO11171校准的仪器，不能当作或称为颗粒计数器，即使它们采用了与颗粒

计数器相同的物理原理。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

ISO3722液压传动油液取样容器净化方法的鉴定和控制（Hydraulicfluidpower—Fluid

samplecontainers—Qualifyingandcontrollingcleaningmethods）

注：GB/T17484—1998液压油液取样容器净化方法的鉴定和控制（ISO3722：1976，IDT）

ISO4021液压传动颗粒污染分析从工作系统管路中提取液样（Hydraulicfluidpower—Par⁃

ticulatecontaminationanalysis—Extractionoffluidsamplesfromlinesofanoperatingsystem）

注：GB/T17489—2022液压传动颗粒污染分析从工作系统管路中提取液样（ISO4021：1992，MOD）

ISO4406液压传动油液固体颗粒污染等级代码法（Hydraulicfluidpower—Fluids—Method

forcodingthelevelofcontaminationbysolidparticles）

注：GB/T14039—2026液压传动污染分析固体颗粒污染等级的代码法（ISO4406：2021，IDT）

ISO5598流体传动系统及元件词汇（Fluidpowersystemsandcomponents—Vocabulary）

注：GB/T17446—2024流体传动系统及元件词汇（ISO5598：2020，MOD）

ISO11171液压传动液体自动颗粒计数器的校准（Hydraulicfluidpower—Calibrationofauto⁃

maticparticlecountersforliquids）

注：GB/T18854—2015液压传动液体自动颗粒计数器的校准（ISO11171：2010，MOD）

ISO11500液压传动采用遮光原理的自动颗粒计数法测定液样颗粒污染度（Hydraulicfluid

power—Determinationoftheparticulatecontaminationlevelofaliquidsamplebyautomaticautomaticpar⁃

ticcountingusingthelight⁃extinctionprinciple）

注：GB/T37163—2026液压传动污染分析采用遮光原理的自动颗粒计数法测定液样颗粒污染度（ISO11500：

2022，IDT）

ISO12103⁃1道路车辆用于滤清器评定的试验粉尘第1部分：氧化硅试验粉尘（Roadve⁃

hicles—Testcontaminantsforfilterevaluation—Part1：Arizonatestdust）

1