GB/Z 188-2026 空间碎片在轨清除指南

ICS49.140

CCSV71

中华人民共和国国家标准化指导性技术文件

GB/Z188—2026

空间碎片在轨清除指南

Guidelinesonspacedebrisremoval

2026⁃07⁃02发布

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/Z188—2026

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4缩略语····················································································································2

5总体原则·················································································································2

6技术方案·················································································································2

6.1概述·················································································································2

6.2空间碎片在轨清除预期效果···················································································3

6.3空间碎片在轨清除服务卫星能力·············································································4

6.4空间碎片在轨清除技术方案···················································································4

7任务流程·················································································································5

7.1流程阶段划分·····································································································5

7.2各阶段需考虑的要点····························································································5

8任务后评估··············································································································5

9任务通报与信息公开··································································································6

附录A（资料性）空间碎片特性参数················································································7

参考文献·····················································································································8

Ⅰ

GB/Z188—2026

前言

本文件为规范类指导性技术文件。

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国宇航技术及其应用标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC425）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：上海宇航系统工程研究所、国家国防科技工业局重大专项工程中心、中国科学院

国家天文台、中国航天标准化研究所。

本文件主要起草人：肖余之、靳宗向、靳永强、赵真、崔宇新、吴建桔、索乐、唐梦辉、刘静、泉浩芳、

王卫楠、王洪宇、孟涛、顾亦磊、张剑。

Ⅲ

GB/Z188—2026

引言

由于人类空间活动日益频繁，地球轨道上的航天器及其产生的各类空间碎片快速增长，威胁在轨

航天器运行安全。空间碎片问题备受国际社会关注，联合国和平利用外层空间委员会（COPUOS）提

出空间碎片减缓理念，鼓励国际社会通过制定减缓标准、发展减缓技术、实施减缓处置，最大限度地减

少或弱化太空活动中空间碎片的产生，抑制空间碎片的增长，实现空间环境保护、太空轨道资源可

用性。

为保护空间环境，确保航天事业可持续发展，开展空间碎片在轨清除任务，使在轨空间碎片离开其

运行轨道，减少在轨危害性，并满足空间碎片减缓要求，推动空间碎片环境治理，实现航天事业健康有

序发展。

通过制定本文件，更好地规范相关工作流程，降低操作风险，提高空间碎片清除任务实施的透

明度。

Ⅳ

GB/Z188—2026

空间碎片在轨清除指南

1范围

本文件确立了空间碎片在轨清除的总体原则，提供了技术方案、任务流程、任务后评估、任务通报

与信息公开的指导。

本文件适用于低轨、中轨、高轨等地球轨道上厘米级以上空间碎片的清除。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T34513空间碎片减缓要求

3术语和定义

GB/T34513界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

空间碎片主动清除activespacedebrisremoval；ADR

通过人为干预，将失效的航天器等空间碎片从运行轨道上移除，以减缓空间环境恶化的技术活动。

3.2

空间碎片清除服务飞行器spacedebrisremovalservicevehicle

设计用于主动探测、抵近、捕获空间碎片，并利用动力将其从原运行轨道上移除，以消除其对空间

环境长期威胁的航天器。

3.3

空间碎片主动清除实施方案implementationplanforactiveremovalofspacedebris

根据空间碎片在轨特性，为成功执行一次或一系列空间碎片清除任务，所制定的涵盖技术路径、任

务流程、系统组成、任务协调、国际协作等要素的综合性可操作方案。

3.4

成功清除概率probabilityofsuccessfulremoval

达成空间碎片主动清除任务目标的可能性。

3.5

捕获方式capturemethod

用于与空间碎片建立物理连接的技术手段。

3.6

离轨方式de⁃orbitmethod

用于将空间碎片从原运行轨道上移除的技术手段。

3.7

主动离轨activede⁃orbit

通过施加外部可控动力或利用可控的物理机制，有意识地、人为地改变空间碎片运行轨道，使空间

1