GB/T 6378-2002 不合格品率的计量抽样检验程序及图表(适用于连续批的检验)

ICS03.120.30

A41

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T6378-2002

代替GB/T6378-1986

不合格品率的计量抽样检验程序及图表

(适用于连续批的检验)

Samplingproceduresandchartsforinspection

byvariablesforpercentnonconforming

(Appliedtoinspectionofsuccessivelotsorbatches)

(ISO3951，1989,Samplingproceduresandchartsforinspection

byvariablesforpercentnonconforming,NEQ)

2002一06门3发布2003一01一01实施

中华人民共和国

发布

国家质量监督检验检疫总局

GB/T6378-2002

目次

前言···················································································································。…Vu

1范围·················································································································一1

2规范性引用文件································································································……1

3术语、定义和符号··················。··········。·····。························································，···……2

3.1术语和定义···································································································。·…2

3.2符号····························································。··············································……4

4一般规定········································。································································……4

4.1可接收质量水平(AQL)·······················································。····。·········。。····。······。……4

4.1.1AQL的使用···························。···········。························································……4

4.1.2AQI的指定························································································。·······……4

4.1.3优先的AQI.···················。·····。······。··························································.·……5

4.1.4注意.·5

4.1.5限制·······································。。························。·················。····················……5

4.2正常、加严和放宽检验的转移规则········。·····。·······································。·················……5

4.3与GB/T2828(ISO2859-1)的关系······。······························································……5

4.3.1相似点······································································································……5

4.3.2不同点······································································································……5

4.4非连续生产和抽检特性曲线·6

4.4.1非连续生产································································································……6

4.4.2抽检特性曲线(OC曲线)·········································································.·.·.……6

5实施程序················。·····。··················································································……6

6抽样方案的选择···············。····················。······。·····················。······························……7

6.1提示···············。····························································································……7

6.2计量和计数之间的选择······。·············································································……7

6.3“、”法与“。”法的选择··········。············。···························。···································……7

6.4检验水平与AQL的选择········································································…·…。.……7

6.5抽样方案的选择································。········。······································。············……7

6.5.1标准方案··············································································。···········。·····……7

6.5.2特殊方案·····。·······。········。·····。···············································，······················……8

7计量抽样方案的操作·····。···········································································.·..····……8

7.1预备操作···················································································。··········。·······……8

7.2“，”法的标准程序·····································。·····················································……8

7.2.1检索方案····························。···········································。··························……8

7.2.2单侧或分立双侧规格限的接收准则·································································……8

GB/T6378-2002

7.2.3单侧规格限的数值法··············································································……“·“‘9

7.2.4单侧规格限的图解法·······················································。·························…·…“9

7.2.5分立双侧规格限的数值法····。·········································································……9

7.2.6分立双侧规格限的图解法··。········································································……二‘10

7.2.7综合双侧规格限检验的接收准则·····································································……11

7.3..Q'.法标准程序·····························································································……13

7.3.1方案获得···································································································……13

7.3.2单侧或分立双侧规格限的接收准则··································································……13

7.3.3综合双侧规格限的接收准则···········································································……13

7.4连续检验的程序·····························································································……15

7.5正态性与离群值·····························································································……15

7.5.1正态性·································。····································································……15

7.5.2离群值······································································································……15

7.6记录············································································································……16

7.6.1控制图······································································································……16

7.6.2拒收批······································································································……16

7.7转移规则·································································。····································……16

7.7.1正常检验···································································································……16

7.7.2正常检验到加严检验···································。···············································…·…16

7.7.3加严检验到正常检验··············································································。·····……16

7.7.4正常检验到放宽检验···················································································……‘16

7.7.5放宽检验到正常检验·······································································………‘二‘”””16

7.8检验的暂停和恢复························································································。···一16

7.8.1检验的暂停································································································……16

7.8.2检验的恢复································································································……17

7.9加严检验和放宽检验的接收曲线········································································……17

7.10转换到“。”法································································································……17

附录A(规范性附录)统计理论········································，················。········…·…”‘二’‘·’“65

A.1符号······。··································································································……65

A.2正态分布·。······················································。··········································……65

A.3不合格品率········。·······························································。·······················……66

A.4质量参数·······························································。···································……67

A.5单侧及分立双侧规格限的接收域·····································································……67

A.6综合双侧规格限的接收域······················。·································…·…“··‘·…’二“·’二’·‘69

A.6.1综合双侧规格限····················。····。。···················································……’二“’‘二69

A.6.2最大过程标准差····················。··································································……70

A.6.3接收曲线.·71

A.7-抽样检验一、···。……，’’…，’’…，:’···································································……72

A.8“。”法·······································。·································································……72

A.8.1接收常数的推导······················。································································……72

A.8.2单侧规格限和分立双侧规格限情形下的接收准则·············································……72

GB/T6378-2002

A.8.3综合双侧规格限情形下的接收准则···，···························。，···········。··········……72

A.9"s”法····················································，········。······，···································……73

A.9.1接收常数的推导·······价····‘····································，····‘··，·············，……73

A.9.2单侧规格限和分立双侧规格限检验的接收准则····································。··。····，···……74

A.9.3综合双侧规格限检验的接收准则···································……“···，…‘.74

A.9.4复合双侧规格限检验····························，······。·········。，······························…·…“‘74

附录B(规范性附录)丫‘，法所使用的图纸.·76

图1示例2中所使用的“、”法单侧规格限k收图··。·········。·····。·······································一·9

图2示例4中使用的丫‘，法，分立双侧规格限接收图·····························。················，···……10

图3“:’，法，样本量字码为F,AQL=1.5,MSSD=2.76的接收曲线图··。········，··················……12

图4示例7中所使用的“a"法，综合双侧规格限接收曲线图··········································……14

图5-B一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码B24

图5-C一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码C25

图5-D一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码D26

图5-E一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码F27

图5-F一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码F28

图5-G-次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码G29

图5-H一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码H30

图5-1一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码131

图5-1一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码J32

图5-K一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码K33

图5-1_一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码L34

图5-M一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码M35

图5-N一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码N··········，····，·············。·······，……36

图5-P一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线样本量字码P37

图A用于接收概率为95%和10%的质量水平的正常检验方案的样本量字码·········‘·……39

图s-D综合双侧规格限的接收曲线，s)‘，法样本量字码D(样本量5)40

图s-E综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“、”法样本量字码E(样本量7)·一41

图、一F综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“、”法样本量字码F(样本量10)42

图s-G综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“、”法样本量字码G(样本量15)43

图s-H综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“、”法样本量字码H(样本量20)44

图s一工综合双侧规格限的接收曲线.,s‘,，法、样本量字码I(样本量25)45

图5-J综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“:”法样本量字码J(样本量35)···························……46

图s-K综合双侧规格限的接收曲线，‘”法样本量字码K(样本量50)47

图s工_综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“:’，法样本量字码1(样本量75)48

图s-M综合双侧规格限的接收曲线`s‘'，法样本量字码M(样本量100)49

图s-N综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“:”法样本量字码N(样本量150)50

图s-P综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“，”法样本量字码P(样本量200)51

/图。-C综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“a..法样本量字码C52

图a-D综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“a"法样本量字码D53

图a-E综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码E54

Gs/T6378-2002

图a-F综合双侧规格限的接收曲线砂“法样本量字码F55

图。-G综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码G56

图二H综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码H57

图。-1综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码158

图。-J综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码J59

图a-K综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“d，法样本量字码K60

图。-L综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“尹法样本量字码L61

图，M综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“a"法样本量字码M62

图二N综合双侧规格限的接收曲线砂“法样本量字码N63

图。一P综合双侧规格限的接收曲线“a,.法样本量字码P64

图A.1正态分布.·65

图A.2标准正态分布.·二“

图A.3一对于固定的下规格限，a=1，不同均值伽i,liz>P3)对应的不合格品率···············‘·····……66

图A.4。和11已知，对于单侧下规格限检验的接收图············································。······……68

图A.5。和lu已知，对于单侧上规格限检验的接收图···················。·····，，························……68

图A.6。和11已知，对于分立双侧规格限检验的接收图··········价····，·，-··，···············，，.一69

图A.7当。保持常数，k变化对过程平均不合格品率的影响···············。··························……69

图A.8当n保持常数，。变化对过程平均不合格品率的影响·········································……70

图A.9对于综合双侧规格限，p=AQL=10%不合格品率在(。，动平面上的轮廓线············……71

图A.10"a'，法综合双侧规格限接收图······················································……二‘‘···，·……73

图A.11“:”法复合双侧规格限检验接收曲线图·············，·················，·······················一75

图B.1"s'，法所使用的图纸··············“二一‘·‘，·，·…76

表1-A样本量字码和检验水平······················································，········……二‘’二二‘二‘二‘17

表1-B正常检验的样本量字码和样本量.·二‘“·二‘·‘·…18

表2-A正常检验一次抽样方案(主表):“，”法··················。，，····。。····························‘·‘···，，…18

表2-B加严检验一次抽样方案(主表):，s‘”法·····························································。…·19

表2-C放宽检验一次抽样方案(主表):.，s’，法.·’二“·’二“·二‘19

表3-A正常检验一次抽样方案(主表):“。”法.·20

表3-B加严检验一次抽样方案(主表)..1a;法·····，，，················。····················……二‘二‘‘··……21

表3-C放宽检验一次抽样方案(主表):砂“法··························································…·…22

表4-s最大样本标准差(MSSD)的人值“s’’法·······，····················。······，····················……23

表4-。最大过程标准差(MPSD)的人值:+a;法··，·，，····。·····，····················‘···················……23

表5-B一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码B24

表5-C一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码C25

表5-D一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码D26

表5-E一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码E27

表5-F一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码F28

表5-G一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码G29

表5-H一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码H30

表5-I一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码I31

表5-J一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码J.·32

N

cB/T6378-2002

表5-K一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码K33

表5-L一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码L34

表5-M一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码M35

表5-N一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码N36

表5-P一次抽样方案的抽检特性曲线数值表样本量字码P37

表6-A加严检验抽样方案与正常检验抽样方案的对应关系··········。·······························。··…38

表6-B放宽检验抽样方案与正常检验抽样方案的对应关系············································，…38

GB/T6378-2002

月q青

本标准是对GB/T6378-1986《不合格品率的计量抽样检查程序及图表(适用于连续批的检查)》

的第一次修订，本标准代替GB/T6378-1986。本标准对应国际标准ISO3951--1989，与ISO3951

1989的一致性程度为非等效。

本标准与GB/T6378-1986相比，重大技术内容的变化主要有;

—按照GB/T1.1要求重新起草标准文本。

—采用了ISO3951-1989的表和图。

—为与ISO3951-1989在技术内容上协调一致，在正文中取消了GB/T6378-1986复合双侧

规格限检验的有关内容。

—为便于应用，保留了GB/T6378-1986实施程序。

—取消了有关R“”法检验的有关内容

—本次修订对一些名词术语和操作程序做了必要的改动。

本标准由全国统计方法应用标准化技术委员会提出并归口。

本标准主要起草单位:军械工程学院、中国标准研究中心、中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院、兵器

标准化研究所、凌云工业股份有限公司等。

本标准主要起草人:张玉柱、曹世民、刘文、马毅林、朱慧明、常志成等。

本标准于1986年首次发布

GB/T6378-2002

不合格品率的计量抽样检验程序及图表

(适用于连续批的检验)

范围

本标准设计的计量抽样检验方案和程序，是对GB/T28280S02859-1)的补充。在产品规格、合同、

检验说明书或其他文件中可参考本标准和GB/T2828。使用本标准时，要在上述文件中规定“负责

部门”。

本标准的抽样检验方法，可以保证可接收质量的批有高接收概率，并且使劣质批的拒收概率尽可能

的高。

与GB/T2828(ISO2859-1)相同，用不合格品率表示批质量和相应的生产过程质量。

本标准主要是在下述条件下使用:

a)检验程序适用于分立产品的连续批，即这些产品全部由同一生产方用同一生产过程提供。如果

这些产品来自于不同的生产方，应分别使用本标准。

b)仅考虑产品的单个质量特性X，该质量特性必须能用连续尺度度量;如果有几个同样重要的

质量特性，应分别使用本标准

c)生产过程稳定(处于受控状态)，且质量特性X服从或近似服从正态分布。

d)若合同或标准中规定了上规格限U，下规格限L，或同时规定了上、下规格限;当产品被测量的

质量特性X满足下列不等式之一时为不合格品:

1)对于上规格限，X>U时为不合格;

2)对于下规格限，X<L时为不合格;

3)对于双侧规格限，X>U或X<L时为不合格。

对于在后一种情况，根据上、下规格限是否指定了一个总AQL值进一步区分为综合双侧规格限和

分立双侧规格限。

规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的

修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是

否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T2828'’计数抽样检验程序按接收质量界限(AQL)检索的逐批检验抽样计划

GdtISO2859-1)

GB/T3358.1统计学术语第一部分一般统计术语

GB/T3358.2统计学术语第二部分统计质量控制术语

GB/T336。数据的统计处理和解释均值的估计和置信区间

GB/T4882数据的统计处理和解释正态性检验

1)正在修订过程中(是对GB/T2828-1987《逐批检查计数抽样程序及抽样表(适用于连续批的检查)》的修订)，等

同T-'用ISO2859-1:1999

GB/'r6378-2002

GB/T4883数据的统计处理和解释正态样木异常值的判断和处理

GB/T6379测试方法的精密度通过实验室间试验确定标准测试方法的重复性和再现性

术语、定义和符号

3.1术语和定义

GB/T3358.1,(;B/T3358.2,GB/T2828,ISO2859-1确立的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准

3.1.1

单位产品item

为了实施抽样检验而对产品或服务划分的基本单位

3.1.2

计A质盆特性qualitycharacteristicforvariable

被检产品中能用连续尺度进行度量的质量特性。

3.1.3

计且检验inspectionbyvariables

在规定的条件下，用测量、试验或其他方法，将单位产品的计量质量特性观察值与其技术要求进行

对比，并判断该单位产品是否合格的过程。

3.1.4

计最抽样检验acceptancesamplingbyvariables

按规定的抽样方案从批中随机地抽取部分单位产品进行计量检验，并判断该批是否接收的过程

3.1.5

逐批检验lot-by-lotinspection

对系列批中的每一批都进行检验。

3.1.6

可接收质最水平(AQL)acceptablequalitylimit

对于连续批序列，为进行抽样检验，认为满意的过程平均的最低质量水平。

3.1.7

极限质且(LQ)limitingquality

对于孤立批，为进行抽样检验，限制在某一低接收概率(对于本标准为10%)的质量水平。

3.1.8

不合格nonconforming

单位产品和(或)服务，某一质量特性不符合规定的要求

按照不合格的严重程度，可将其分为A类不合格、B类不合格和C类不合格。

3.1.8.1

A类不合格classAofnonconforming

A类不合格对于产品的质量有着极严重的影响。在抽样检验中，应使用数值非常小的可接收质量

水平。

31.8.2

B类不合格classBofnonconforming

B类不合格对于产品的质量有着较严重的影响。在抽样检验中，可使用数值比A类大、而比C类小

的可接收质量水平。

31.8.3

C类不合格classCofnonconforming

C类不合格对于产品的质量只有较轻微的影响在抽样检验中，可使用数值比A类和B类都大的

cB/T6378-2002

可接收质量水平。

3.1.9

不合格品nonconformity

至少有一项质量特性不合格的单位产品和(或)服务。

3.1.10

"s”法`s‘"method

使用样本标准差评定批是否接收的方法

3.1.11

"a'，法“o"method

使用过程标准差评定批是否接收的方法。

3.1.12

规格限specificationlimit

规定的用于判定单位产品或服务某计量质量特性是否合格的界限值。

3.1.13

下规格限(L)lowerspecificationlimit

对单位产品或服务规定的合格下界的规格限。

3门.14

上规格限(U)upperspecificationlimit

对单位产品或服务规定的合格上界的规格限。

3.1.15

单侧规格限singlespecificationlimit

仅对上或下规格限规定了可接收质量水平的规格限。

3.1.16

双侧规格限doublespecificationlimit

同时对上和下规格限规定了可接收质量水平的规格限。

3.1.17

分立的双侧规格限separatedoublespecificationlimit

对上、下规格限分别规定了可接收质量水平的双侧规格限。

3.1-18

综合双侧规格限combineddoublespecificationlimit

对上、下规格限只规定了一个总的可接收质量水平的双侧规格限。

3.119

接收常数(k)acceptabilityconstant

计量验收抽样的接收准则中，由可接收质量水平和样本量所确定的用于决定批是否可接收的一个

常数。

11.20

质量统计且(Q)qualitystatistic

规格限、样本均值和标准差的函数，通过比较Q和k用于判定批的可接收性。

3.1.21

T质A统计旦(Q,)lowerqualitystatistic

下规格限、样本均值和标准差的函数，通过比较Q:和k用于判定批的可接收性。

3.1.22

上质f统计f(Qo)upperqualitystatistic

GB/T6378-2002

上规格限、样本均值和标准差的函数，通过比较Q0和k用于判定批的可接收性。

3.1-23

最大样本标准差(MSSD)maximumsamplingstandarddeviation

按综合双侧规格限进行计量检验时，接收批的样本标准差的最大值。

3.1-24

最大过程标准差(MPSD)maximumprocessstandarddeviation

按综合双侧规格限进行计量检验时，接收批的过程标准差的最大值。

11.25

转移规则switchingrules

一个抽样计划中，根据已证实的质量水平历史，从一个抽样方案改变到另一个更严或更宽的抽样方

案的规则。

I2符号

本标准使用了下面的符号:

八表4-，中给出的因子，它与最大样本标准差及U-L的值有关;

人表4-。中给出的因子，它与最大过程标准差及U-L的值有关;

K当P和。都已知时的接收常数;

k使用，s‘”、“。”法时的接收常数;

L下规格限;

U_卜规格限;

N批量(批中单位产品的数量);

样本量(样本中单位产品的数量);

P接收概率;

Q质量统计量;

Q;下质量统计量;

Q上质量统计量;

样本标准差(过程标准差的估计);

Xn个样本质量特性测量值的算术平均值;

X,.X的下接收数;

Xr,X的上接收数;

X样本特性的测量值;

产过程平均;

过程标准差(通常称矿为过程方差)。

4一般规定

4门可接收质量水平(AQL)

4.1.1AQL的使用

在本标准中，用AQL和样本量字码检索抽样方案。

4.1.2AQL的指定

AQL由产品说明书、合同或负责部门指定。对分立双侧规格限，要分别对上、下规格限给出各自的

AQI值;对综合双侧规格限，要对上、下规格限给出总的AQI_值。

GB/T6378-2002

4.1.3优先的AQL

本标准给出的从0.10%到10%不合格品率的11个AQI一值，是按优先数系设计的。对于任何产品

或服务，若指定的AQI不属于上述优先数值，则不能应用本标准。

为执行转移规则的需要，另外还给出了。065%和15%两个AQL值。相应的抽样方案和接受曲

线，仅用于在正常检验条件下，AQL为。.10%或10%的抽样方案需要实行转移规则的情况。

4.1.4注意

本标准AQL所提供的保护，仅适用于连续批的检验。

4门.5限制

AQL值的指定，并不意味着生产方有权提供任何已知的不合格品。

4.2正常、加严和放宽检验的转移规则

4.2-1为了阻止生产方过程平均不合格品率超过AQL，本标准规定了当检验结果表明过程平均确实

超过AQL时向加严检验转移的规则。如果加严检验不能及时激励生产方改善其生产过程，进一步规定

了暂停检验。

4.2.2如果要使本标准AQL所提供的保护保持不变，则加严检验和暂停检验规则必须作为一个整体

强制执行。

4.2.3当检验结果表明质量水平稳定并且确实比AQL低时，本标准还提供了转移到放宽检验的可能

性。然而，该规则的执行是有选择的(由负责部门决定)。

4.2.4使用“:”法时，若在控制图上有充分的根据表明变差处于受控状态，可考虑改用“o"法如果这样

有益，应取。作为、的常数值

4.2.5当暂停抽样检验时，在生产方没有采取有效措施改进其产品质量之前，不可恢复检验。

4.2.6转移规则的细节在7.7和7.8给出。

4.3与GB/T2828US02859-1)的关系

4.3.1相似点

a)本标准是GB/T28280S02859-1)的补充;这两个标准属于同一体系，它们的程序和词汇也基

本相同。

b)二者均使用AQL检索抽样方案，并且在本标准中所使用的优先数值与GB/T2828

(ISO2859-1)所使用的数值范围(从0.10%到10/0n)是相同的。

c)在这两个国家标准中，由批量和检验水平(若没有其他的说明，优先采用皿水平)确定样本量字

码。本标准主表中给出了要采用的样本量和接收数，它们是按选定的`s‘'，法或“Q;法，根据样本