GB/T 45183-2025 塑料 气候老化试验中辐照量的仪器测定 总则和基本测试方法

ICS83.080.01

CCSG31

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T45183—2025

塑料气候老化试验中辐照量的仪器测定

总则和基本测试方法

Plastics—Instrumentaldeterminationofradiantexposureinweatheringtests—

Generalguidanceandbasictestmethod

（ISO9370：2017，MOD）

2025⁃01⁃24发布2025⁃08⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T45183—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4意义与用途··············································································································6

4.1总则·················································································································6

4.2自然气候老化——固定角度或赤道仪暴露·································································6

4.3加速自然气候老化——用菲涅耳反射聚光器聚集太阳辐射的暴露···································7

4.4人工加速气候老化与人工加速辐射的暴露·································································7

5仪器·······················································································································7

5.1通则·················································································································7

5.2光谱无选择性辐射表（见表1）·················································································9

5.3光谱有选择性（UV）辐射表（见表2）·········································································9

5.4录波器和数据记录仪····························································································9

6校准·······················································································································9

6.1通则·················································································································9

6.2标准辐射表和工作辐射表·····················································································10

6.3光谱有选择性标准辐射表·····················································································10

6.4光谱有选择性工作辐射表·····················································································11

6.5其他要求··········································································································11

7步骤·····················································································································11

7.1自然气候老化——固定角度或赤道仪暴露································································11

7.2加速自然气候老化——用菲涅耳反射聚光器聚集太阳辐射的暴露··································11

7.3人工加速气候老化与人工加速辐射的暴露································································11

8试验报告···············································································································12

附录A（资料性）典型宽带紫外辐射表的比较····································································13

附录B（资料性）选择性滤光型辐射表的光谱失配······························································14

参考文献····················································································································17

Ⅰ

GB/T45183—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件修改采用ISO9370：2017《塑料气候老化试验中辐照量的仪器测定总则和基本测试

方法》。

本文件与ISO9370：2017的技术差异及其原因如下：

——用规范性引用的GB/T14890替换了ISO9059（见6.2.4和7.2.1），以适应我国的技术条件、

提高可操作性；

——用规范性引用的GB/T19565和GB/T37468替换了ISO9060（见5.2.1、5.2.1.1、5.2.2、

5.2.2.1和6.1.1注3），以适应我国的技术条件、提高可操作性；

——用规范性引用的GB/T20236替换了ASTMG90（见5.2.2.1和7.2.1），以适应我国的技术条

件、提高可操作性；

——用规范性引用的GB/T31156、GB/T33698和GB/T33866替换了ASTMG183（见7.1.2），

以适应我国的技术条件、提高可操作性；

——增加了规范性引用的GB/T33868（见6.3.1、6.4.1和7.2.1）、JJF1975（见6.3.1）、JJG456（见

6.1.1和6.2.4）、JJG458（见6.1.1和6.2.4）和JJG879（见6.3.1、6.3.2和7.2.1），以适应我国的

技术条件、提高可操作性；

——删除了ISO9370：2017中规范性引用文件ASTME816、ASTME824、ASTMG130和

ASTMG138；

——更改了半峰全宽的范围（见3.22、3.34和5.3.2），与表2一致；

——更改了一级总辐射表温度响应的技术要求，从“±2”调整为“±4”（见表1），以适应我国的技

术条件；

——更改了二级总辐射表温度响应和倾斜响应的技术要求，温度响应从“±4”调整为“±8”，倾斜

响应从“±3”调整为“±5”（见表1），以适应我国的技术条件；

——删除了辐射表“光谱灵敏度（Spectralsensitivity）”的技术要求（见ISO9370：2017的表1），增

加了“灵敏度”的技术要求（见表1），以适应我国的技术条件、提高可操作性；

——增加了校准溯源机构“国家计量机构”（见5.2.1.2、5.2.2.2和6.2.3），提高可操作性；

——增加了5.2.1.2、5.2.2.2和6.2.3中的校准溯源机构“国家计量机构”，提高可操作性；

——更改了测量窄带UVB的窄带滤光器在阻隔区的透射比，从“0.001%”调整为“0.01%”（见

5.3.1），以适应我国的技术条件；

——增加了6.1.1中的机构“中国气象局”，提高可操作性。

本文件做了下列编辑性改动：

——为了更好地理解个别术语和定义，增加了参考的图示（见3.24注）；

——增加了术语注释（见3.14）；

——更改了宽带辐射表的波长范围并增加了解释内容（见4.2.2注）；

——增加了注释，推荐总辐射表年稳定性的测试方法（见表1脚注a）；

——更改了注释的内容（见表1脚注b和c，ISO9370：2017的表1脚注a和b）；

——增加了选择性辐射表光谱失配信息和校准方法的注释（见5.3.5注和6.3.1注）；

——更改了用不同紫外辐射表测量地点、时间及相应的辐照度数据，以国内数据替换国外数据（见

Ⅲ

GB/T45183—2025

表A.1）；

——更改了测量全年辐照量的地点、时间及相应的辐照量数据，以国内数据替换国外数据（见

表A.2）；

——用资料性引用的GB/T27025替换了ISO/IEC17025（见6.1.1注1）；

——用资料性引用的GB/T1865—2009替换了ISO11341（见参考文献）；

——用资料性引用的GB/T23987—2009替换了ISO11507（见参考文献）；

——增加了资料性引用的ISO9059、ISO9060、ASTME816、ASTME824、ASTMG130和

ASTMG138（见参考文献）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国石油和化学工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国塑料标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC15）归口。

本文件起草单位：标格达精密仪器（广州）有限公司、深圳市北测检测技术有限公司、广州合成材料

研究院有限公司、广东聚石化学股份有限公司、济南中科广源环保科技有限公司、山东道恩高分子材料

股份有限公司、宿迁联盛科技股份有限公司、苏州市信测标准技术服务有限公司、ATLAS亚太拉斯材

料测试技术有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：解正坤、周业华、王浩江、朱红芳、周经纶、马玫、赵磊、张瑞、谢潇、程舸、

王崇武、王飞、陈新泰、刘飞。

Ⅳ

GB/T45183—2025

引言

当仅以时间确定自然气候老化、加速自然气候老化、人工加速老化或人工加速辐射暴露的暴露周

期时，往往忽略了因光源的光谱辐照度变化造成的影响以及不同暴露试验之间水分和/或温度差异的

影响。而根据太阳总辐照量确定的自然老化的暴露周期，有利于对同一地点不同时期暴露试验的结果

进行比较。此外，监测自然气候老化暴露、人工加速气候老化或人工加速辐射暴露中的紫外辐照量同

样很重要。

测量紫外辐射的方法通常有两种，一种是使用实物标样，即同时暴露一种参照材料，参照材料在性

能上的变化与紫外辐照量相对应；另一种是使用对紫外辐射有响应的辐射表，这是首选方法。本文件

介绍了仪器法和所用仪器的主要特性，为用户选择和使用辐射表提供指导。

Ⅴ

GB/T45183—2025

塑料气候老化试验中辐照量的仪器测定

总则和基本测试方法

1范围

本文件描述了用仪器测定平面上辐照度的方法（以下简称“仪器法”），包括自然界中的太阳辐射、

聚集的太阳辐射和实验室光源产生的辐射。

对于自然气候老化和加速自然气候老化中太阳辐射的测量，仪器法包括连续测量太阳总辐射、太

阳总紫外辐射和太阳（紫外）光谱辐射以及对上述瞬时测量值进行累计或积分获得辐照量。

对于人工加速气候老化或人工加速辐射暴露中辐射的测量，仪器法包括连续测量全部或规定波长

范围内的紫外辐射、可见光谱辐照度和/或紫外光谱辐照度，以及上述瞬时测量值进行累计或积分以获

得辐照量。

本文件未涉及使用蓝色羊毛标样、化学辐射、聚合物或者其他薄膜片剂量计的测定方法。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T14890工作直接日射表的校准方法（GB/T14890—1994，ISO9059：1990，NEQ）

GB/T19565总辐射表

GB/T20236非金属材料的聚光加速户外暴露试验方法

GB/T31156太阳能资源测量总辐射

GB/T33698太阳能资源测量直接辐射

GB/T33866太阳紫外辐射测量宽带紫外辐射表法

GB/T33868紫外辐射表校准方法

GB/T37468直接辐射表

JJF1975光谱辐射计校准规范

JJG456直接辐射表检定规程

JJG458总辐射表检定规程

JJG879紫外辐射照度计

ISO9846太阳能用日射强度计校准总日射表（Solarenergy—Calibrationofapyranometerus⁃

ingapyrheliometer）

ISO9847太阳能与标准总日射表比对校准工作总日射表（Solarenergy—Calibrationoffield

pyranometersbycomparisontoareferencepyranometer）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

1