T/CAOE 40-2021 海底多金属结核采矿系统技术指南

ICS73.100.01

CCSD10

SocialOrganizationStandard

T/CAOE40-2021

Technicalguidelinesforseafloor

polymetallicnodulesminingsystem

海底多金属结核采矿系统技术指南

Issuedate:2021-07-15

IssuedbyChinaAssociationofOceanicEngineering

T/CAOE40-2021

Contents

Foreword............................................................................III

1Scope...............................................................................1

2Normativereferences................................................................1

3Termsanddefinitions...............................................................2

4Basicprinciple.....................................................................4

5Greenprinciple.....................................................................5

5.1Generalrequirements..............................................................5

5.2Requirementsforunderwaterorecollectingsystem.................................5

5.3Liftingsystemrequirements.......................................................6

5.4Surfacesupportplatform/vesselrequirements......................................6

5.5Transportsystemrequirements.....................................................6

5.6Offshoremineralprocessingsystemrequirements...................................6

6Economyprinciple...................................................................7

6.1Generalrequirements..............................................................7

6.2Collectionrate...................................................................7

6.3Recoveryrate.....................................................................8

6.4Energyconsumptionperunit.......................................................8

6.5Costofseafloorpolymetallicnodulesminingsystem...............................8

7Reliabilityprinciple...............................................................9

7.1Generalrequirements..............................................................9

7.2Seafloororecollectingsystemreliability........................................9

7.3Liftingsystem...................................................................10

7.4Surfacesupportplatform/vesselreliability......................................10

7.5Transportsystemreliability.....................................................11

7.6Offshoremineralprocessingsystemreliability...................................12

8Intelligenceprinciple.............................................................12

8.1Generalrequirements.............................................................12

8.2Intelligentcollaborativecontrolofseafloorpolymetallicnodulesminingsystem.12

8.3Intelligentrequirementsofseafloororecollectingsystem.......................13

8.4Intelligentrequirementsofunderwaterliftingsystem............................13

8.5Intelligentrequirementsofsurfacesupportplatform/vessel......................14

8.6Intelligentrequirementsoftransportsystem.....................................15

9Safetyprinciple...................................................................15

9.1Generalrequirements.............................................................15

9.2Safetycontingencyplan..........................................................15

9.3Safetyofminingsystemandsystemcomponents....................................16

9.4Safeoperationintheseafloorpolymetallicnodulesminingprocess...............17

9.5Environmentalsafetyofseafloorpolymetallicnodulesminingprocess..............18

9.6Offshoreemergencyevacuationofengineeringpersonnel...........................18

Bibliography.........................................................................20

II

T/CAOE40-2021

Foreword

ChinaAssociationofOceanicEngineeringisinchargeofthisEnglishtranslation.Incase

ofanydoubtaboutthecontentsofEnglishtranslation,theChineseoriginalshallbe

consideredauthoritative.

ThisdocumentisdraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheGB/T1.1—2020Directives

forstandardization—Part1:Rulesforthestructureanddraftingofstandardizing

documents.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybe

thesubjectofpatentrights.Theissuingbodyofthisdocumentshallnotbeheld

responsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

ThisdocumentwasproposedbyBeijingPioneerHi-TechDevelopmentCorporation.

ThisdocumentwaspreparedbyChinaAssociationofOceanicEngineering.

Draftingunitsofthisdocument:BeijingPioneerHi-TechDevelopmentCorporation,Changsha

ResearchInstituteofMiningandMetallurgyCo.,Ltd.,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Third

InstituteofOceanography(MinistryofNaturalResources),NationalCenterofOcean

StandardsandMetrology,TsinghuaUniversity,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences(Beijing),

XiangtanUniversity,BGRIMMTechnologyGroup.

Themaindraftersofthisdocumentare,LiBo,XiaoLina,JinXing,XiaJianxin,XuLixin,

WangXuyang,LuoYang,MuChangqing,GaoYuqing,SongShiji,DengXuhui,JiangXunxiong,

HanLuwei,DuLiang,YangQuankai,LiHuiqiang,WangYang,WangHongyi.

III

T/CAOE40-2021

Technicalguidelinesforseafloorpolymetallic

nodulesminingsystem

1Scope

Thisdocumentprovidesgreen,economy,reliability,intelligence,andsafetytechnical

principlesforseafloorpolymetallicnodulesminingsystem,aswellasfactorstobe

considered,andgivestherelevanttechnicalguidelines.

Thisdocumentisapplicabletodesign,construction,operationandmanagementofseafloor

polymetallicnodulesminingsystemandtherelevantkeycomponentsinthe"area".

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheir

contentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheedition

citedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument

(includingamendments)applies.

GB/T5080.1,Reliabilitytest—Part1:Testconditionsandstatisticaltestprinciples

GB/T31024.1,Cooperativeintelligenttransportationsystems—Dedicatedshortrange

communications—Part1:Generaltechnicalrequirement

GB/T37472,Generalrequirementsforheavecompensationsystemofsubmersiblemothership

GB/T40073,Externalpressurestrengthtestprocedureformetalpressurehullof

submersibles

ISO14000,Environmentmanagementsystems

ISO9001,Qualitymanagementsystems—Requirements

ISO31000,Riskmanagement—Guidelines

APIRP1111,Design,Construction,Operation,andMaintenanceofOffshoreHydrocarbon

Pipelines(LimitStateDesign)

APIRP16Q,Design,Selection,Operation,andMaintenanceofMarineDrillingRiser

Systems

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T/CAOE40-2021

APIRP17B,RecommendedPracticeforFlexiblePipe

APIRP2RD,DesignofRisersforFloatingProductionSystems(FPSs)andTension-Leg

Platforms(TLPs)

APISpec17J,SpecificationforUnbondedFlexiblePipe

3Termsanddefinitions

Forthepurposeofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.

3.1

area

thesea-bedandoceanfloorandthesubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnational

jurisdiction

[SOURCE:UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea]

3.2

polymetallicnodules

atypeofpolymetallicoreexistingontheseafloorintheformofnodules,generallyrich

inmanganese,cobalt,nickel,copperandothermetalcompositions

NOTEAlsocalledmanganesenodulesorferromanganesenodules.

3.3

exploitation

recoveryofpolymetallicnodulesandextractmineralsfrompolymetallicnodulesfor

commercialpurposes,includingtheconstructionandoperationofmining,processingand

transportationsystemfortheproductionandsaleofminerals.

[SOURCE:DecisionoftheCounciloftheInternationalSeabedAuthorityrelatingtoamendmentstothe

RegulationsonProspectingandExplorationforPolymetallicNodulesintheAreaandrelatedmatters,

modified]

3.4

miningsystem

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asystemincludesseafloororecollectingsystem,underwaterliftingsystem(e.g.hydraulic

liftsystemandunderwatershuttleliftingsystem),surfacesupportplatform/vessel,

transportsystem,offshoremineralprocessingsystem,etc,tocollectpolymetallicnodules

fromseafloorandtransportnodulestotheseasurface,thenprocessandtransportnodules

tothetargetport.

3.5

collectingsystem

anunderwatersystemforcollectingpolymetallicnodulesontheseafloor,includinga

drivingmechanismandagatheringmechanism

3.6

liftingsystem

allequipmentthatusedtotransportpolymetallicnodulesfromtheseafloortotheocean

surface,usuallyreferstohydraulicliftsystemorunderwatershuttleliftingsystem

3.7

hydraulicliftsystem

asubsystemconsistsofpumpsandpipesfortransportingpolymetallicnodulesfromthe

nearseafloorbufferstationtothesurfacesupportplatform/vessel

3.8

underwatershuttleliftingsystem

asubsystemwithunderwatershuttletransportspolymetallicnodulesfromtheseafloorto

thesurfacesupportplatform/vessel

3.9

surfacesupportplatform/vessel

platforms/vesselssupportmining,oreloadingandunloading,orestorage,centralcontrol,

powersupplyorrelatedfunctionson-siteforminingoperation

3.10

transportsystem

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shipsandassociatedmarinedevicestransporttheseafloorpolymetallicnodulesfrom

offshoretoport

3.11

offshoremineralprocessing

theprocessofproducingconcentrates,intermediateconcentrates,ormetalproductsby

picking,sorting,washingoforesontheseaflooror/andsurfacesupportplatform/vessel

3.12

plume

adispersionofseawaterthatcontainsdensesedimentparticles

[SOURCE:Recommendationsfortheguidanceofcontractorsfortheassessmentofthepossibleenvironmental

impactsarisingfromexplorationformarinemineralsintheArea,InternationalSeabedAuthorityLegal

andTechnicalCommission,modified]

3.13

underwatershuttle

anunderwatershuttlesystemthatoperatesbetweentheseafloorandasurfacesupport

platform/vesselandhasthefunctionofgatheringandtransportingseafloorpolymetallic

nodules

3.14

flexiblepipe

flexiblepipeconnectingtheseafloorcollectingsystemandthebufferstation

3.15

bufferstation

adevicewiththeupperendconnectedwiththesurfacesupportplatform/vesselthrougha

riser,andthelowerendconnectedwiththeseafloorcollectingsystemthroughaflexible

pipe,andquantitativelyandcontinuouslyfeedstheoretoliftingriser

4Basicprinciple

PrinciplesofGreen,Economy,Reliability,IntelligenceandSafety(GERIS)shallbemetin

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theentireproductionprocessandminingsystemservicelife.

5Greenprinciple

5.1Generalrequirements

TheoverallrequirementsofGreenprinciplefortheseafloorpolymetallicnodulesmining

systemareasfollows.

—ComplywiththeprovisionsoftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea.

—Itshouldselectlowenvironmentalimpactmaterialsandtechniquesduringthemining

systemlifecycle.

—Advanced,reliableandenvironmentalfriendlytechnologiesshouldbeapprovedby

InternationalSeabedAuthority.

—Energysavingtechnologiesandmeasuresshouldbeadoptedinentireproductionchain

includeseafloorcollectingsystem,liftingsystem,surfacesupportplatform/vessel,

transportsystem.

—ItshouldmeetwithISO14000environmentalmanagementstandards.

—Technologiesusedtoreduceinfluenceofnoise,light,magnetism,heat,mechanical

disturbanceandoilpollutionshouldbeselected.

—Environmentallyfriendlymaterialsandcoatings,suchascorrosion-resistant,

pollution-free,shouldtobeconsidered.

—Givenpriority,theenergymoduleshouldusecleanorrenewableenergywithhighenergy

density,stableoutputandlowfrequencyreplenishment,andshouldbeadoptedwith

technologiesandprocessestoimproveenergyefficiency.

—Itshouldreducecarbondioxideemissionsandpromotetheprocessofcarbonneutrality.

5.2Requirementsforunderwaterorecollectingsystem

Collectingmethodshouldconsiderwithminimumdisturbancetothedeep-seasediment,the

detailsareasfollows.

—Collectingmethodshouldcauselimitedplumediffusionrange,factorsconsideredshould

includetheinitialvelocity,duration,suspendedmattercontent,near-bottom

hydrologicalconditions,andsedimentdamagethickness.

—Itshouldchooseseafloornon-contactmovementand/limitedcontactcollecting

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technologies.

—Whilethecontactcollectingtechnologyisused,itisadvisabletoadoptadesignthat

shouldminimizethecontactareaandcontactpressurebetweenthevehicleandseafloor

aspossible.

5.3Liftingsystemrequirements

Theliftingsystemshouldmeetwiththefollowingrequirements.

—Theamountofseawaterliftedfromthebottomtotheseasurfaceshouldbereducedto

minimizetheenvironmentalimpactoftailwater.

—Itshouldminimizethenodulesfragmentationandliquificationtoreducethecontent

o