GB/T 45795-2025 大气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5质量浓度观测 光散射法

ICS07.060

CCSA47

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T45795—2025

、

大气颗粒物PM10PM2.5质量浓度观测

光散射法

DeterminationofPM10/PM2.5massconcentrationinatmosphere—

Lightscatteringmethod

2025⁃05⁃30发布2025⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T45795—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4原理与系统构成········································································································2

4.1原理与计算方法··································································································2

4.2系统构成···········································································································3

5测量仪器·················································································································3

6测量环境·················································································································4

6.1室内环境···········································································································4

6.2室外环境···········································································································4

7安装与测试··············································································································4

7.1安装前检查········································································································4

7.2安装·················································································································4

7.3测试·················································································································5

8测量、运行检查与维护································································································6

8.1测量·················································································································6

8.2运行检查与维护··································································································6

9校准·······················································································································6

9.1一般要求···········································································································6

9.2流量计··············································································································6

9.3温度、湿度与压力传感器························································································7

9.4数浓度··············································································································7

9.5质量浓度···········································································································7

10数据记录、质量控制与平均值处理················································································7

10.1数据记录··········································································································7

10.2质量控制··········································································································7

10.3平均值处理·······································································································8

参考文献·····················································································································9

Ⅰ

GB/T45795—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国气象局提出。

本文件由全国气候与气候变化标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC540）归口。

本文件起草单位：中国气象局气象探测中心、太原罗克佳华工业有限公司、北京维迪科技发展有限

公司、中国气象科学研究院、中国环境科学研究院、中国气象局气象干部培训学院、北京象元气象观测

技术研究院、云南省大气探测技术保障中心、杭州微智兆智能科技有限公司、浙江恒达仪器仪表股份有

限公司、山东诺方电子科技有限公司、南昌攀藤科技有限公司、河北先河环保科技股份有限公司、江苏

省精创电气股份有限公司、天津同阳科技发展有限公司、浙江大学、湖北省气象信息与技术保障中心

（湖北省气象档案馆、新一代天气雷达技术支持武汉分中心）、国家气象信息中心、北京市气象探测中心、

新疆维吾尔自治区气象技术装备保障中心。

本文件主要起草人：张晓春、马芳、王耀华、李维民、薛学琴、孙志于、杜波、赵亚南、高健、荆俊山、

刘雯、王垚、于丽萍、李雅楠、王静雷、潘志东、周志斌、司书春、王强、李小凡、陈文亮、沈超峰、孙俊英。

Ⅲ

GB/T45795—2025

大气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5质量浓度观测

光散射法

1范围

本文件确立了光散射法测量大气颗粒物质量浓度的原理，规定了测量仪器、测量环境、仪器安装、

运行检查与维护、校准、数据记录、质量控制与平均值处理的要求，描述了测试、测量方法。

PMPM

本文件适用于使用光散射的方法测量大气颗粒物10、2.5质量浓度；其他粒径颗粒物质量浓度

的测量参照使用。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T4883数据的统计处理和解释正态样本离群值的判断和处理

GB/T39193环境空气颗粒物质量浓度测定重量法

HJ93PMPM

环境空气颗粒物（10和2.5）采样器技术要求及检测方法

HJ630环境监测质量管理技术导则

HJ655PMPM

环境空气颗粒物（10和2.5）连续自动监测系统安装和验收技术规范

JJF1659—2017PM

2.5质量浓度测量仪校准规范

JJG（气象）001自动气象站气压传感器

JJG（气象）002自动气象站铂电阻温度传感器

JJG（气象）003自动气象站湿度传感器

QX/T118气象观测资料质量控制地面

QX/T305直径47mm大气气溶胶滤膜称量技术规范

QX/T509GRIMM180颗粒物浓度监测仪标校规范

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

大气气溶胶粒子atmosphericaerosolparticle

大气颗粒物atmosphericparticle；PM

悬浮在大气中的固体和液体微粒。

[来源：GB/T31159—2014，2.2]

3.2

空气动力学等效直径aerodynamicequivalentdiameter

d

a

与所表征的粒子具有相同的运动速度，密度为1g/cm3的球形粒子的直径。

1