LY/T 1328-2006 油茶栽培技术规程

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B66

中华人民共和国林业行业标准

LY/T1328一2006

代替LY/T1328一1999

油茶栽培技术规程

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2006一08一31发布2006一12一01实施

国家林业局发布

LY/T1328一2006

目次

前言······················································，···························································……工

引言··········································································。······。·································一·n

1范围·..·························································································。···。··············……1

2规范性引用文件·······················································································……1

3术语和定义··························································。····1······································……1

4产地环境条件························································································.··……2

5良种选择···························。············。·······························································……3

6良种萦育··········································································································一·3

7种子和苗木·········································。································。····。······················……3

8栽培技术······························。·································，········································……4

9成林管理·········································································································……5

01现有油茶林分类经营和改造更新···········································································……5

n茶果的采收和处理。·······································································.·..·.··········……6

21种子贮藏、运输，·····································································.················……。·……6

13茶油加工······································································。··································……6

14收获量··································································································。·········一·6

51茶油(成品油)质量指标································································.·.········.··..·……6

附录A(资料性附录)我国适宜油茶栽培的区域················。········································……8

附录B(资料性附录)油茶品种分类···········································.·..·.·..·……01

附录C(资料性附录)油茶病虫害防治····。···································..······.··……11

附录D(资料性附录)油茶栽培禁止使用的农药·························································……31

表1土坡质t指标································································································……2

表2农田灌溉水质t指标··················，······························。·····································……3

表3空气中各项污染物的浓度限值···········································································……3

表4油茶林地立地类型划分指标·······························································…·…“““““““4

表5压榨成品茶油质t指标····················································································……6

表6浸出成品茶油质量指标····················································································……7

表D.1油茶栽培禁止使用的农药························································。·················…·…31

LY/T1328一2006

前言

油茶生产是属经济林生产，茶油是经济林产品。

本标准包括三部分，一是无公害茶油产地的生态条件(大气、土壤、水)的要求，即其污染的限值，从

源头上保证无公害生产，才会有绿色茶油产品。二是油茶栽培技术.三是有关油茶林管理及茶油品质.

因而本标准是一个完整的林业(经济林)技术标准。

本标准代替LY/T132s一1999。

本标准与LY/T1382一1999相比主要变化如下:

—本标准在修订中特别注意了对油茶栽培环境中的土、水、气的洁净要求，进行无公害生产经营，

保证生产的茶油是绿色食品;

—本标准内容和条目是重新编排和编写的，结构更加完整简练，条目用语更加规范准确，

—增加“规范性引用文件”(见第2章)，

—增加“术语和定义，’(见第3章);

—增加产“地环境条件”(见第4章);

—增加表1、表2、表3、表4、表5和表6;

—增加“现有油茶林分类经营和改造更新”(见第01章);

—增加附录A、附录B、附录C、附录D。

本标准的附录A、附录B、附录C、附录D为资料性附录。

本标准由中南林学院提出。

本标准由国家林业局植树造林司归口。

本标准起草单位:国家林业局经济林处、中南林学院经济林研究所。

本标准主要起草人:何方、何柏、李忠海、张日清、戴建成、孙永凡。

LY/T1328一2006

引言

油茶在植物分类学中属山茶科(Thaeceae)、山茶属(CamellaiL)，其中的普通油茶惯称油茶(Ca-

mel“aof‘feraAbe)l，原产中国，使用其完全成熟种子，压榨或浸出的原油，称茶油。

小果油茶(C二riocarPaHu)、枚县油茶(C.，“hsie，51:Hu)也适用本标准。

LY/T1328一2006

油茶栽培技术规程

范团

本标准规定了油茶的产地环境条件、良种选择、良种萦育、种子苗木、栽培技术、成林管理、现有油茶

林分类经营和改造更新、茶果的采收和处理、种子贮藏、运输及茶油加工等内容。

本标准适用于油茶的栽培，同时适用于无公害油茶产地的选择和建设。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T553。动植物油脂酸价和酸度测定

GB/T5533植物油脂检验含皂t测定法

GB/T5534动植物油脂皂化值的测定

GB/T6001一1999育苗技术规程

术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准。

3.1

油茶栽培区域cultivatinoa代aofollteacamellla

适宜油茶生长的栽培分布区域。

3.2

油茶良种lmp门v“varletl韶ofoiltaecmaellia

油茶良种是商品概念，指优质高产的品种。

根据油茶果实的成熟期，划分为寒露、霜降、立冬3个品种群。俗称寒露籽、藉降籽、立冬籽。

3。3

油茶种子的完全成熟rullymaturdes侧川sorollatecamellla

种仁完成脂肪转化积累，含水量在45环以下，种子饱满坚硬，黑色或黄褐色有光泽。果实成熟时的

外表特征是，果皮发亮，毛茸消失或仅荃部残存少许，果壳微裂。

3.4

纯净油茶种子pu氏se以Isofoilatecmaellla

批t油茶种子中不含其他杂质，无霉变种子，种子纯净度%%以上，

3.5

徽位acidvalue

亦称酸价，是中和19油脂中所含游离脂肪酸需要的氢氧化钾毫克数。它是评价未与甘油结合的

游离脂肪酸含量的指标，并不是油脂的特性常数。纯净的植物油中游离脂肪酸含里在1%以内。酸值

高，油脂易酸败。因此，测定油脂酸价可用于评定加工和储藏方法是否得当及油脂品质。

采摘未完全成熟的种子，含油t低，含水量高，不仅影响产茶油t，并使茶油酸价提高，影响茶油品

l

LY/T1328一20Q6

质。一级茶油酸价(2.Omg/9，二级茶油酸价《3.omg/9。油茶酸价>3.omg/9不宜食用。

3.6

皂化值asponincationval.e

皂化19油脂所需的氢氧化钾毫克数。

油脂的皂化就是皂化油脂中的甘油醋与中和油脂所含的游离脂肪酸。因此，油脂的皂化值包含着

醋价与酸价。皂化价的大小主要取决于该油脂所含的脂肪酸相对分子量。由于各种植物油的脂肪酸组

成不同，故其皂化价也不相同。因此，根据油脂皂化价结合其他检验项目，可以对油脂的种类和纯度进

行鉴定。

3.7

含皂tcontentofsaponin曰matter

经过碱炼后的油脂中皂化物的含量(以油酸钠计)。

茶油毛油含皂化物。成品一、二级茶油不能有含皂t。

4产地环境条件

环境条件，包括空气、土壤和水三大因素，它们关系着油茶的生长发育，影响茶油产油量和品质。

41油茶分布及栽培区峨

我国油茶分布界线是:北纬23030，一北纬31000，‘东经104O30，一东经121025，‘主要栽培分布区在北

纬23。一北纬300。

在分布区范围内属中亚热湿润季风区，水热条件丰富。其中包括:贵州、湖南、江西三省的全部，重

庆东南部，四川东南部，广西北部、中部，广东北部、西部，福建北部、西部、东部，浙江西部、南部，安徽东

南部和湖北南部.分布区境内山峦起伏，油茶栽培垂直分布主要在500m一700m以下的低山、丘陵及

盆地周围。

42产地选择

无公害油茶产地，应在我国油茶栽培分布区内选择适宜油茶栽培的地段，有一定面积和有可持续生

产能力，生态环境条件良好，远离污染源的丘陵低山红坡、黄壤地区。具体栽培区域参见附录A。

4.2.1土坡环境质t

无公害油茶产地环境土壤质t指标应符合表1的规定。

裹1土坦质t指标

指标

项目

PH<5.5PHS.5一6.5

总偏/(mg/kg)簇0.303

总汞/(mg/kg)(0.30.5

总砷/(mg/kg)簇4030

总铅/(mg/kg)(250