JB/T 10242-2001 阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范

ICS25.220.60

A29

JB/T10242－2001

阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范

Generaltechnicalregulationsofcathodeelectro–coating

2001-05-23发布2001-10-01实施

中国机械工业联合会发布

JB/T10242－2001

目次

前言

1范围····················································································································································································································1

2引用标准·········································································································································································································1

3定义····················································································································································································································2

4阴极电泳涂装的分类···············································································································································································2

5阴极电泳涂料的选择···············································································································································································2

6阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理·······························································································································································4

7阴极电泳涂装对设备的基本要求·····················································································································································6

8安全与环保····································································································································································································7

附录A（标准的附录）阴极电泳涂料性能测定方法··············································································································8

附录B（标准的附录）涂膜抗石击试验······································································································································16

附录C（提示的附录）阴极电泳涂膜缺陷原因分析及对策措施··················································································19

I

JB/T10242－2001

前言

本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录；附录C是提示的附录。

本标准由全国金属与非金属覆盖层标准化技术委员会提出并归口。

本标准负责起草单位：跃进汽车集团公司。

本标准参加起草单位：沈阳关西涂料有限公司。

本标准主要起草人：陈玉燕、李彤、钱文忠、汤宏。

本标准系首次发布。

III

中华人民共和国机械行业标准

JB/T10242－2001

阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范

Generaltechnicalregulationsofcathodeelectro–coating

1范围

本标准规定了术语定义、阴极电泳涂装的分类、阴极电泳涂料的选择、阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理、

阴极电泳涂装对设备的要求、安全与环保等。

本标准适用于金属工件的阴极电泳涂装。

2引用标准

下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均

为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。

GB/T1724—1979涂料细度测定法

GB/T1731—1993漆膜柔韧性测定法

GB/T1732—1993漆膜耐冲击测定

GB/T1733—1993漆膜耐水性测定法

GB/T1747—1979涂料灰份测定法

GB/T1763—1979漆膜耐化学试剂性测定法

Gb/T1764—1979漆膜厚度测定法

GB/T1771—1991色漆和清漆耐中性盐雾性能测定

GB/T1865—1997色漆和清漆人工老化及人工辐射暴露（滤过的氙弧辐射）

GB/T6739—1996漆膜硬度铅笔测定法

GB/T6750—1986色漆和清漆密度的测定

GB/T6751—1986色漆和清漆挥发物和不挥发物的测定

GB/T6753.3—1986涂料贮存稳定性试验方法

GB7691—1987涂装作业安全规程劳动安全和劳动卫生管理

GB7692—1999涂装作业安全规程涂漆前处理工艺安全及其通风净化

GB/T8264—1987涂装技术术语

GB8978—1996污水综合排放标准

GB/T9286—1998色漆和清漆漆膜的划格试验

GB/T9751—1988涂料在高剪切速率下粘度的测定

GB/T9754—1988色漆和清漆不含金属颜料的色漆漆膜之20°、60°和85°镜面光泽的测定

GB16297—1996大气污染物综合排放标准

HG/T3335—1977（85）电泳漆电导率测定法

HG/T3337—1997（85）电泳漆库仑效率测定法

中国机械工业联合会2001-05-23批准2001-10-01实施

1

JB/T10242－2001

3定义

本标准采用GB/T8264的定义及下列定义。

3.1L效果L–effect

电泳涂料在水平表面上和垂直表面上涂装的效果。

3.2MEQ值NeutralizerMEQ

固体份为100g的电泳涂料消耗中和剂的摩尔数。

3.3再溶解率Redissolving

电泳湿膜在电泳槽液中再次溶解的能力。以规定时间内被溶解的膜厚占总膜厚的百分数表示。

3.4加热减量Lossonheating

经105℃~120℃挥发去水分和溶剂的电泳涂膜进一步升温到烘干温度达到实干的过程中，热分解出

低分子化合物导致涂膜的失重。

4阴极电泳涂装的分类

根据其用途可分为两大类：

a)以提高耐蚀性为主要目的的阴极电泳底层涂装。它用于汽车，冰箱，洗衣机等壳体和部分相关

零件。

b)以装饰为主要目的的阴极电泳涂装，专门用于装饰性镀层保护和装饰性金属保护。如金属眼镜

架、手表、装饰五金产品、家用电器、建材等。

5阴极电泳涂料的选择

5.1选择原则

5.1.1根据被涂产品的种类以及使用电泳涂料的目的确定电泳涂料的类别。

5.1.2根据被涂产品对电泳涂层的要求高低，选择需要的品种。

5.1.3对选出的电泳涂料进行各项性能对比试验。通过试验了解电泳涂膜的质量、电泳槽液的稳定性、

施工窗口的宽窄等。

5.1.4阴极电泳底层涂料应进行与磷化膜、中涂层涂料、车底涂料、密封胶、面漆等相关涂层的配套

性试验。装饰性电泳涂料应进行与被涂物表面适应性试验。

5.1.5在选择试验过程中了解涂料生产厂的技术力量、售后服务水平等。

5.2样品性能试验

根据使用单位企业标准规定的内容或产品说明书中规定的内容进行性能试验。

5.2.1供货状态涂料性能（见表1）

表1供货状态涂料性能

序号项目技术指标检验方法

1外观目测

2固体份%GB/T6751

3粘度mPa·sGB/T9751

供需双方协商决定

4密度g/cm3GB/T6750

5细度μmGB/T1724

6贮藏稳定性GB/T6753.3

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JB/T10242－2001

5.2.2工作液性能（见表2）

表2工作液性能

序号项目技术指标试验方法

1固体份%根据涂料品种要求GB/T6751

2pH值根据涂料品种要求pH计

3电导率μs/cm根据涂料品种要求HG/T3335

4灰份%根据涂料品种要求GB/T1747

5MEQ值根据涂料品种要求附录A中A4

6溶剂含量%≤3.5气相色谱法

7库仑效率mg/C≥25HG/T3337

8电压/膜厚V/μm根据需要，测定ED曲线，选择最佳电压膜厚值附录A中A1

9破坏电压V高出施工电压30V附录A中A3

10泳透力cm根据涂料品种要求附录A中A10

11再溶解率%≤10附录A中A2

水平面与垂直面涂膜平整、光滑、无异常；

12L效果附录A中A6

外观、膜厚无明显差别

13加热减量%≤10附录A中A5

14加速老化时槽液稳定性%电压降低≤40附录A中A7

15环境温度下的槽液稳定性%电压降低≤40附录A中A8

16细菌繁殖合格附录A中A11

5.2.3涂膜的性能（见表3）

表3涂膜的性能

序号项目技术指标（举例）试验方法

1涂膜外观平整、光滑、无异常目测

2光泽（60°镜面光泽）%根据涂料品种要求GB/T9754

3硬度≥HGB/T6739

4耐冲击cm≥50GB/T1732

5柔韧性mm≤1GB/T1731

6耐水性（40℃×500h）涂膜无变化GB/T1733

7耐酸性（0.05mol/H2SO4×8h）涂膜无变化GB/T1763

8耐碱性（0.1mol/NaOH×8h）涂膜无变化GB/T1763

9划格试验（1mm）级0GB/T9286

10泳透力板耐盐雾性mm根据用户要求附录A中A9

GB/T1771

11耐盐雾性能h≥800

（单边扩蚀不超过2mm）

12抗石击性根据用户要求附录B

）

131耐老化性根据用户要求GB/T1865

）

141耐磨损性根据用户要求供需双方协商

）

151耐汗水性根据用户要求供需双方协商

1）仅对装饰性电泳涂膜。

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JB/T10242－2001

6阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理

6.1阴极电泳涂装典型工艺流程

电泳涂装0次水洗多级UF水洗新鲜UF水喷洗多级纯水洗

新鲜纯水喷洗沥水烘干检验

注：对于装饰性涂装根据实际情况酌情采用。

6.2阴极电泳涂装前对工件的要求

a)无油、无锈、无铁粉、磷化残渣等异物附着；

b)转化膜均匀、致密、无异常，符合相应的技术要求；

c)工件的滴水电导率≤30μs/cm。

6.3阴极电泳涂装工序控制（见表4）

表4阴极电泳涂装工序控制

工序管理条件控制范围

槽液温度℃涂料品种规定的范围内

每段电压V涂料品种规定的范围内

每段电流值（max）A涂料品种规定的范围内

底层涂料涂装：2~3

电泳时间（工件全浸没的时间）

电泳min装饰性涂料涂装：视实际情况而定

主槽与副槽液面差cm＜10

阳极液电导率μs/cm300~1000

阳极液状态无混浊

循环泵压力压差MPa设备设计要求

设计规定指标范围内

滤液透过量

UFL/min[一般1.0~1.2L/（m2·min）]

设备要求的范围内

膜件压差

MPa0.13~0.15

超滤（UF）

温度℃＜30

UF过滤器压差MPa根据设备要求

UF泵压力MPa0.28~3.0

出槽1min内喷雾清洗，

次水洗流量

0L/min能够均匀地喷淋到整个工件表面

多级UF水洗

喷淋压力MPa0.1±0.02