JB/T 7873-1999 耕耘机械 术语

ICS65.060.20

B91

JB/T7873999－－－1

耕耘机械术语

Tillageequipment–Terminology

1999-08-06发布2000-01-01实施

国家机械工业局发布

JB/T7873－－－－1999

目次

前言

1范围··························································································································································1

2一般术语··················································································································································1

3犁及犁耕作业··········································································································································3

4铧式犁······················································································································································5

5圆盘耕作机械··········································································································································8

6齿耙························································································································································12

7滚动耙····················································································································································13

8驱动式耕耘机械····································································································································15

9松土、除草、中耕机械·························································································································17

10间苗机械··············································································································································19

11作畦、起垄及土壤压实机械················································································································19

I

JB/T7873－－－－1999

前言

本标准是对JB/T7873—95《耕耘机械名词术语》的修订。

本标准与JB/T7873—95相比，除作了编辑修改外，主要技术内容没有变化。

本标准自实施之日起代替JB/T7873—95。

本标准由全国农业机械标准化技术委员会提出并归口。

本标准起草单位：中国农业机械化科学研究院、中国农业大学。

本标准主要起草人：刘云东、李自华、杨兆文、桑正中、陈翠英。

II

中华人民共和国机械行业标准

JB/T7873－－－－1999

耕耘机械术语

代替JB/T7873—95

Tillageequipment–Terminology

1范围

本标准规定了耕地、整地、松土、压实、除草、中耕培土等田间作业所用的各种耕耘机械的术语和

定义。

本标准适用于耕地、整地、松土、压实、除草、中耕培土等田间作业的各种耕耘机械。

2一般术语

2.1耕耘tillage

对土壤进行的各种机械加工作业。

2.2耕地primarytillage

对耕作层土壤进行翻垡、松碎、覆盖残茬杂草或肥料的作业。

2.3耕地机械primarytillageequipment

用以完成耕地作业的各种机械。如犁、松土机、旋耕机等。

2.4整地secondarytillage

对表层土壤进行松碎、平整、开沟、作畦及镇压的作业。

2.5整地机械secondarytillageequipment

用以完成整地作业的各种机械。如各种耙、作畦机、起垄机、除草机、镇压器等。

2.6耙地harrowing

使用各种耙对表层土壤进行松碎、平整及灭茬的作业。

2.7耱地dragging

用耢、盖或拖板对耕后表土进行搓碎、整平的作业。

2.8耖田puddling，harrowingandlevelinginsubmergedpaddyfield

用耖耙等将浸水稻田表层耙碎、起浆、整平的作业。

2.9镇压pressing

用各种镇压器将土壤压实的作业。

2.10起垄ridging

在平地上进行的开沟培土成垄作业。

2.11作畦bedding

在耕整后的地面上筑埂或开沟形成格状或条状畦块的作业。

2.12中耕cultivating

作物生长期间进行松土、除草、培土及间苗的作业。

国家机械工业局1999-08-06批准2000-01-01实施

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JB/T7873－－－－1999

2.13中耕机械cultivatingtillageequipment

用以完成中耕作业的各种机具。如松土机、除草机、培土机、间苗机等。

2.14间苗thinning

按一定要求除掉苗行内多余苗株的作业。

2.15松土soilbreaking

对土壤进行疏松的作业。

2.16除草weeding

用各种不同方法除灭田间杂草的作业。

2.17培土hillup

将行间土壤培向作物苗行的作业。

2.18灭茬paring

除掉地表作物残茬和杂草的作业。

2.19深松deepscarification

超过常规耕层深度、上下土层基本不乱的松土作业。

2.20深耕deepploughing

超过常规耕层深度的耕地作业。

2.21联合耕作机械combinationtiller

可以同时完成两种以上耕作作业的机械。

2.22作业深度workingdepth

作业前地表至作业层底部的距离。

2.23作业幅宽workingwidth

机具的实际工作宽度。

2.24入土行程penetratingdistance

耕作机械工作部件从开始入土时起至达到规定作业深度时止所前进的水平距离。

2.25入土角penetratingclearanceangle

耕作机械工作部件开始入土时，作业机底面对地表的倾角。

2.26耕作层arablelayer

常年耕翻的农田土层。

2.27犁底层pan

耕作层下面的密实土层。

2.28土垡furrow

耕作机具作业时，单个工作部件所切取的条状或块状土体。

2.29耕层膨松度soilheaving

耕作后地表平均增加的高度占作业深度的百分比。

2.30土壤坚实度soilcompactness

土壤抵抗物体贯入的能力（单位：N/cm2）。

2.31土壤适耕性tillability

2

JB/T7873－－－－1999

土壤在耕作时所表现出的易于耕翻与松碎的性质。

2.32耕作比阻specificdraftoftillage

耕作机具在某种土壤中作业时，单位土垡横截面上所受沿前进方向的阻力（单位：N/cm2）。

2.33土壤比阻specificdraftofsoil

不同土壤在一定条件下对某种耕具在耕作时单位横截面上沿前进方向所产生的阻力（单位：

N/cm2）。

2.34田间提升间隙fieldinterval

作业机在田间从工作状态转换到运输状态后，机具最低点离开地面的垂直间隙。

2.35道路运输间隙transportinterval

作业机在道路运输时，通过机构调节使机具最低点达到的最大离地间隙。

2.36通过角passingangle

悬挂式机组在运输状态下能通过的地面起伏最大坡度角。

2.37切刃cuttingblade

耕耘机械工作部件用以切土的刀刃。切刃各部位及其安装位置角的名称按图1的规定。

δ—刃楔角；ε—刃倾角；εc—刃隙角；εs—刃面角；P—磨刃面

图1

3犁及犁耕作业

3.1犁plough

以翻土为主要功能的耕地机具。

3.2双向犁one–wayplough

耕地时，犁在往返行程中分别向左、向右交替翻垡，使垡片始终向一个方向翻转的犁。

3.3犁体ploughbody

犁的主要工作部件。

3.4犁体配置角positionangleofploughbodies

多体犁犁体相应点所连成的直线与犁的前进方向所夹的锐角（图2）。

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JB/T7873－－－－1999