GB/T 44218-2024 微型扬声器测量方法

ICS33.160.50

CCSM72

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44218—2024

微型扬声器测量方法

Methodsofmeasurementformicrospeakers

（IEC63034：2020，Microspeakers，MOD）

2024⁃07⁃24发布2025⁃02⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T44218—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语、定义和缩略语···································································································1

3.1术语和定义········································································································1

3.2缩略语··············································································································1

4测量条件·················································································································2

4.1额定条件···········································································································2

4.2气候条件···········································································································2

4.3标准测量条件·····································································································2

5声学环境·················································································································3

5.1通则·················································································································3

5.2自由场条件········································································································3

5.3半自由场条件·····································································································3

5.4等效自由场条件··································································································3

5.5等效半自由场条件·······························································································3

6微型扬声器的安装·····································································································3

6.1微型扬声器单元的安装和声负载·············································································3

6.2微型扬声器系统的安装和声负载·············································································4

6.3标准微障板········································································································4

6.4测量用平面波管··································································································5

7微型扬声器和测量传声器的位置···················································································5

7.1微型扬声器位置··································································································5

7.2在自由场或半自由场条件下的测量距离····································································6

7.3在等效自由场或半自由场条件下微型扬声器和传声器的位置·········································7

8测量设备·················································································································7

9测量准确度··············································································································7

9.1通则·················································································································7

9.2不需要的声噪声和电噪声······················································································7

9.3安装的准确度·····································································································7

9.4测量设备的准确度·······························································································8

9.5声学环境的准确度·······························································································8

10接线端和控制器的标识····························································································8

Ⅰ

GB/T44218—2024

10.1通则················································································································8

10.2正极················································································································8

11测量信号···············································································································8

11.1通则················································································································8

11.2稳态正弦信号····································································································8

11.3正弦扫频信号····································································································9

11.4离散多音正弦信号······························································································9

11.5宽带噪声信号··································································································10

11.6窄带噪声信号··································································································10

12预处理················································································································10

12.1环境预处理·····································································································10

12.2预负荷处理·····································································································10

13阻抗····················································································································10

13.1阻抗曲线········································································································10

13.2额定阻抗········································································································11

14微型扬声器的小信号参数·························································································11

14.1通则··············································································································11

14.2特性解释········································································································11

14.3测量方法········································································································12

15位移特性··············································································································16

15.1位移曲线········································································································16

15.217

位移直流分量Xdc······························································································

15.317

最大线性位移X·······························································································d

15.418

额定正弦位移X·······························································································s

16幅频响应··············································································································18

16.1额定频率范围··································································································18

16.2频率响应········································································································18

16.3指定频带内的平均声压级···················································································18

16.4有效频率范围··································································································19

17幅度非线性···········································································································19

17.1总谐波失真·····································································································19

17.2n次谐波失真···································································································20

17.3高次总谐波失真·······························································································20

17.4n次调制失真（n＝2或3）····················································································21

18听音试验··············································································································22

18.1正常工作的听音检验·························································································22

Ⅱ

GB/T44218—2024

18.2非常规失真的听音检验······················································································22

19输入电压或功率·····································································································22

19.1额定噪声电压或功率·························································································22

19.2短期最大输入电压或功率···················································································23

19.3长期最大输入电压或功率···················································································24

19.4额定正弦电压或功率·························································································24

20环境测试··············································································································25

20.1温度范围········································································································25

20.2湿度范围········································································································25

20.3低温贮存试验··································································································25

20.4低温寿命试验··································································································25

20.5高温贮存试验··································································································26

20.6高温寿命试验··································································································26

20.7高低温冲击试验·······························································································27

20.8恒定湿热试验··································································································27

21杂散磁场··············································································································28

21.1概述··············································································································28

21.2静态分量········································································································28

21.3动态分量········································································································29

22物理特性··············································································································29

22.1尺寸要求········································································································29

22.2质量··············································································································29

23设计数据··············································································································29

参考文献····················································································································31

图1标准微障板··········································································································4

图2标准微障板的分障板······························································································5

图3平面波管·············································································································5

图4微型扬声器的额定几何条件·····················································································6

图5微型扬声器的阻抗曲线·························································································14

图6峰值位移（peak/bottom）·························································································16

图7位移曲线···········································································································17

图8位移的直流分量··································································································17

图9测试设备方框图··································································································23

图10杂散磁场测量装置······························································································28

Ⅲ

GB/T44218—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件修改采用IEC63034：2020《微型扬声器》。

本文件与IEC63034：2020的技术差异及其原因如下：

——增加了“范围”的有关内容（见第1章）；

——增加了缩略语“RMS”“DFT”“FFT”“THD”（见3.2）；

——用规范性引用的GB/T12060.1替换了IEC60268⁃1（见4.2、10.1、12.2、19.1.2、第9章~第21

章），以适应我国的技术条件；

——用规范性引用的GB/T12060.2替换了IEC60268⁃2（见10.1、11.5），以适应我国的技术条件；

——用规范性引用的GB/T3785.1替换了IEC60651（见11.5），IEC60651：1979已被IEC61672⁃

1：2002和IEC61672⁃2：2003代替，本文件的引用只涉及IEC61672⁃1。

本文件做了下列编辑性改动：

——为与现有标准协调，将标准名称改为《微型扬声器测量方法》；

——更改了“等效自由场条件”和“等效半自由场条件”中的表述方式（见5.4和5.5）；

——更改了“杂散磁场”中“概述”的表述方式（见21.1）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国工业和信息化部提出。

本文件由全国音频、视频及多媒体系统与设备标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC242）归口。

本文件起草单位：南京大学、瑞声声学科技（深圳）有限公司、歌尔股份有限公司、南京琅声声学科

技有限公司、中国电子技术标准化研究院、江苏裕成电子有限公司、华为终端有限公司、北京小米移动

软件有限公司、荣耀终端有限公司、OPPO广东移动通信有限公司、维沃移动通信有限公司、中国计量

科学研究院。

本文件主要起草人：沈勇、陈思妙、吴志江、杨鑫峰、王涵、董桂官、华克、提纯利、董永政、赵天宇、

张杨、周瑜、牛锋、黄杰、汤赟、韩海云、李栋、朱守经、张海宏、程心坤、冯雪磊、王富裕。

Ⅴ

GB/T44218—2024

微型扬声器测量方法

1范围

本文件描述了微型扬声器的特性解释及使用稳态正弦信号、正弦扫频信号、多音或噪声信号时的

相关测量方法。主要特性包含但并不限于阻抗、位移、幅频响应、失真和额定功率等。

本文件适用于振动区域的最大尺寸小于40mm的微型扬声器单元和微型扬声器系统。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T3785.1电声学声级计第1部分：规范（GB/T3785.1—2023，IEC61672⁃1：2013，

IDT）

GB/T12060.1声系统设备第1部分：概述（GB/T12060.1—2017，IEC60268⁃1：1985，MOD）

GB/T12060.2声系统设备第2部分：一般术语解释和计算方法（GB/T12060.2—2011，

IEC60268⁃2：1987，IDT）

IEC60268⁃22：2020声系统设备第22部分：电学和力学测量（Soundsystemequipment—Part22：

Electricalandmechanicalmeasurementsontransducers）

IEC61260⁃1电声学倍频程和分数倍频程滤波器第1部分：规范（Electroacoustics—Octave⁃

bandandfractional⁃octave⁃bandfilters—Part1：Specifications）

3术语、定义和缩略语

ISO和IEC维护的用于标准化的术语数据库网址如下：

——IEC电子百科：https：///；

——ISO在线浏览平台：https：///obp。

3.1术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1.1

微型扬声器microspeaker

辐射元件（振膜或其他辐射体）的尺寸不大于40mm的扬声器。

注：“微型扬声器”一词不仅适用于微型扬声器单元（换能器），也适用于被动微型扬声器系统，其由一个或多个具有

声学结构（例如声腔、导管、孔隙）的换能器组成。

3.2缩略语

下列缩略语适用于本文件。

DFT：离散傅里叶变换（DiscreteFourierTransform）

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FFT：快速傅里叶变换（FastFourierTransform）

HOHD：高次总谐波失真（HighOrderHarmonicDistortion）

RMS：方均根或均方根（Root⁃Mean⁃Square）

THD：总谐波失真（TotalHarmonicDistortion）

4测量条件

4.1额定条件

为了便于测量时声系统设备的设置，本文件描述了正常的测量条件。为了获得实际的测量条件，

某些参数（通称“额定条件”）应由制造商在产品规格书中给出。

额定条件本身不需测量，但它是测量其他特性的基础。

下列额定条件属于这种类型，应由制造商规定：

——额定阻抗；

——额定正弦电压或功率；

——额定噪声电压或功率；

——额定频率范围；

——额定几何条件；

——额定气候条件。

注：关于术语“额定”的解释见GB/T12060.2，或见IEC60050⁃151：2001中的151⁃16⁃08。

4.2气候条件

GB/T12060.1规定微型扬声器宜在以下环境中进行测量，以避免温度和湿度对微型扬声器性能

的影响：

——环境温度：15℃~35℃；

——相对湿度：25%~75%；

——大气压：86kPa~106kPa。

其中，仲裁试验的标准气候条件为：

——环境温度：（23±1）℃；

——相对湿度：48%~52%；

——大气压：86kPa~106kPa。

4.3标准测量条件

当满足以下所有条件时，则认为微型扬声器是在标准测量条件下工作。

a）指定声学环境且由第5章中选出。

b）待测的微型扬声器按照第6章规定安装。

c）微型扬声器相对于测量传声器和壁面的位置符合第7章的规定。

d）适用于测量所需特性的测量设备的连接按照第8章的规定。

e）按照第11章规定，在额定频率范围内（见16.1）馈给微型扬声器以规定电压U的指定测量信

号；如果需要，输入功率P按公式P=U2/R计算，式中R为额定阻抗（见13.2）。

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5声学环境

5.1通则

在5.2~5.5规定之一的声场条件下进行的声学测量，应在测量报告中说明。

5.2自由场条件

自由场条件指近似自由场空间的声学条件。该环境应满足距离点声源r处的声压按1/r的规律

衰减，并且测试过程中微型扬声器和传声器之间的声场与自由场的声压级允差应不大于±0.5dB。

自由场条件覆盖整个测量频率范围。如果声学环境（如消声室的低频）无法满足整个测量频率范

围内的自由场条件，制造商应说明有效的频率范围。

5.3半自由场条件

半自由场条件指自由场（见5.2）存在于半空间的声学条件。这些条件通过足够大反射平面来实

现，安装在该平面上的点声源辐射的声压应满足5.2的条件。

5.4等效自由场条件

等效自由场条件指在测量时间内等效于自由场空间的声学条件。

在任何环境中（例如空旷的大房间），如果微型扬声器从环境中任何表面或物体反射的声音，在测

量时间内可忽略，则满足等效自由场条件。

可通过门控或其他方法从测量中排除任何到达测量传声器的反射声。

注：在这样的条件下，进行连续测量时需要有足够的时间间隔，以使空间内的混响对声压级的影响降至可忽略的

程度。

5.5等效半自由场条件

等效半自由场条件指等效自由场（见5.4）存在于半空间的声学条件。

如果安装微型扬声器的反射面尺寸足够大，使得在测量时间内来自该反射面边缘的绕射声的影响

可忽略，则满足等效半自由场条件。

注：在这样的条件下，进行连续测量时需要有足够的时间间隔，以使空间内的混响对声压级的影响降至可忽略的

程度。

6微型扬声器的安装

6.1微型扬声器单元的安装和声负载

微型扬声器单元（换能器）的性能由单元本身的特性及其声负载决定，声负载由安装方式决定，安

装方式在测量报告中应予明确说明。

应使用下列类型之一的安装方式：

a）自由场，标准微障板（无测量用背腔或者有测量用背腔）；

b）自由场，无微障板（无测量用背腔或者有测量用背腔）；

c）自由场，平面波管（无测量用背腔或者有测量用背腔）；

d）半自由场，单元紧贴于反射平面（无测量用背腔或者有测量用背腔）。

注：安装条件a）在高于标准微障板低频截止频率时，接近于半自由场，低频截止频率的值取决于所选择的测量距

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离；在低于截止频率时，所测量的值只能用于比较。

测量微型扬声器时所附加的测量用背腔的净容积通常不大于1cm3，其结构和材料应由制造商规

定，并在测量报告中予以说明。

6.2微型扬声器系统的安装和声负载

通常在没有障板的条件下测量微型扬声器系统。如制造商规定了微型扬声器系统的特殊安装方

式，则测量应在该安装方式下进行。所用的安装方式应在测量报告中说明。

6.3标准微障板

标准微障板应具有声学上反射的平坦的前表面。标准微障板的尺寸如图1所示。

为确保振动可以忽略，标准微障板应具有足够的刚性和厚度。辐射元件的边缘宜与微障板前表面

充分齐平，可借助如图2所示的一块薄的硬质分障板（有斜面或者无斜面）实现。

单位为毫米

图1标准微障板

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a）有斜面的分障板b)无斜面的分障板