GB/T 18861-2002 汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验方法

ICS83.160.41

G41

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T18861-2002

汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验方法

Testmethodsofrollingresistanceformotorvehicletyres

(ISO8767:1992,1'assengercartyres-Methodsofmeasuringrolling

resistance,MOD,ISO9948,1992,Truckandbustyres-Methodsof

measuringrollingresistance,MOD)

2002-10-16发布2003-04-01实施

中华人民共和压

国家质量监督检验检疫总f+

GB/T18861-2002

目次

一

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1范围··················……·‘··············································，···························，······……1

2规范性引用文件·······························································································，，…1

3术语和定义···············，·························································，··············，·············……1

4测量方法·········································，··································，················，··········……2

5试验设备····················································，·················，································一·3

5.1设备组成和特征···························································································……3

5.2性能要求···········································，······················································……3

6试验条件···········。·····························································································……3

6.1环境温度······································································································……3

6.2转鼓表面温度···············································，······……3

6.3试验气压·······，·······················································，·····································……3

6.4试验负荷·····································，，·················，············································……3

6.5试验速度······················································································，···，，·········……3

6.6时间和速度变量············································································，·············……“3

6.7选用试验条件······································，·················，··，···································一·3

7试验步骤·········，································，，···，·，·······················，····························……4

7.1试运行·····································································································……4

7.2冷却······························································································，·············……4

7.3调整气压······················································································，············……4

7.4升温··················································································，·····················……4

7.5测量·································································································，············一4

7.6测量附加损失·······················································································，········……5

8数据处理········，·······································，······················································……5

8.1附加损失的扣除··················，·······························································，······……5

82滚动阻力的计算··········，········。·········································································……6

8.3滚动阻力值的修正···········，··················，················，··，··················，·················，··……7

8.4标准环境温度下的滚动阻力系数的计算······························································……7

9试验记录········································································································……7

附录A(资料性附录)本标准章条编号与ISO8767:1992和ISO9948:1992章条编号的对照···……9

附录B(资料性附录)本标准与ISO8767:1992和ISO9948:1992技术性差异及其原因······……10

附录C(规范性附录)试验设备的精度····································，，·······························……11

附录D(资料性附录)供选用的试验条件······································，·························……13

附录E(资料性附录)转鼓转动惯量和轮胎与轮辆组合体转动惯量的确定方法··················……巧

GB/T18861-2002

H9舌

本标准修改采用ISO8767:1992轿《车轮胎滚动阻力的测定方法))(英文版)和ISO9948:1992((载重

汽车和客车轮胎滚动阻力的测定方法)}(英文版)。

本标准根据ISO8767:1992和ISO994811992重新起草。为了方便比较，在资料性附录A中列出

了本标准章条编号和国际标准章条编号的对照一览表。

根据我国的实际情况，本标准在采用国际标准时进行了修改。这些技术性差异用垂直单线标识在

它们所涉及的条款的页边空白处。在附录B中给出了技术性差异及其原因的一览表以供参考。

为了便于使用，本标准还做了下列编辑性修改:

a)“本国际标准”一词改为“本标准”;

b)用小数点“.”代替作为小数点的“，”;

c)删除了国际标准前言。

本标准的附录C为规范性附录，附录A、附录B、附录D和附录E均为资料性附录。

本标准由原国家石油和化学工业局提出。

本标准由全国轮胎轮辆标准化技术委员会归口。

本标准起草单位:北京橡胶工业研究设计院、荣成橡胶厂。

本标准起草人:夏松茂、王克先、伍江涛、鞠训宁、许广成。

本标准委托全国轮胎轮辆标准化技术委员会负责解释。

GB/T18861-2002

引言

0.1轮胎滚动阻力的大小，直接影响汽车的燃料消耗量和尾气排放量。因此需要对汽车轮胎的滚

动阻力进行检测，以满足保护人类生存环境的需要。

0.2为了提高试验结果的再现性，使各实验室用不同试验设备得到的试验结果具有较好的相关

性，特制定本标准。

0.3本标准通过验证试验。

GB/T18861-2002

汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验方法

范围

本标准规定了用稳态条件和自由滚动方式在转鼓式轮胎试验机上，测量新的汽车轮胎滚动阻力的

方法。

本标准适用于所有新的轿车轮胎和载重汽车轮胎。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T2977载重汽车轮胎系列

GB/T2978轿车轮胎系列

GB/T6326轮胎术语(GB/T6326-1994,neqISO3877-1:1978,Tyres,valvesandtubes-List

ofequivalentterms-Part1:Tyres)

GB9743轿车轮胎

GB9744载重汽车轮胎

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准，其他术语和定义见GB/T63260

3.1

滚动阻力rollingresistance

轮胎行驶单位距离的能量损失。等效于牵引阻力。

3.2

滚动阻力系数rollingresistancecoefficient

滚动阻力与轮胎试验负荷的比值。

3.3

轮胎接地中心centeroftyrecontact

车轮中心平面与地面的交线和车轮旋转中心线在地面上投影的交点。见图1,

3.4

轮胎侧偏角slipangleoftyre

轮胎接地中心的行进方向与车轮中心平面方向间的夹角。见图to

3.5

车轮外倾角camberangle

车轮中心平面与其和地面交线上的铅垂面间的夹角。见图1e

3.6

自由滚动freerolling

车轮在有垂直负荷的条件下，在没有驱动力矩和制动力矩时的滚动

GB/T18861-2002

3.7

牵引阻力dragforce

负向的牵引力(牵引力即由地面作用在轮胎接地中心的力矢量沿前进方向的分量)。

3.8

闭气试验cappedinflation

将压缩空气封闭在轮胎胎腔中，在其压力因轮胎行驶升温而增加的条件下进行的试验

车轮中心平面方向

轮胎接地中心行进方向

轮胎侧偏角

轮胎接地中心

图1轮胎姿态角和牵引力示意图

3.9

调压试验regulatedinflation

通过调节使轮胎气压在行驶时保持不变的条件下进行的试验。

3.10

附加损失parasiticloss

除轮胎滚动阻力外，由空气阻力、轴承摩擦力和试验中固有的其他原因引起的行驶单位距离的能量

损失。

3.11

分离法测f值skimreading

在保持轮胎按试验速度滚动而不滑动的条件下，将轮胎垂直负荷减少到使轮胎能量损失接近零时

测得的单位行驶距离的能量损失值。它供测力法、扭矩法和功率法选用。

3.12

机器法测f值machinereading

在转鼓按试验速度空转(即不加压轮胎的旋转)时测得的单位行驶距离的能量损失值，它供扭矩法

和功率法选用。

4测A方法

按照测量参数的区分，本标准提供以下四种测量方法，供选用。但无论选用何种方法，都应将测量

数据换算成作用于轮胎与转鼓接触面的滚动阻力值。这四种测量方法是:

a)测力法:测量轮轴上的反作用力;

b)扭矩法:测量转鼓的输人扭矩;

c)功率法:测量转鼓的输人功率;

GB/T18861-2002

d)减速度法:测量转鼓和轮胎轮辆组合体在惯性滑行时的减速度。

5试验设备

5.1设备组成和特征

试验设备主要由转鼓为主的路面驱动系统，将试验轮胎压在转鼓外周表面上的加负荷装置和检测

试验数据的测量装置组成。由于轮胎滚动阻力系数较小，因此轮胎滚动阻力的测量必然是在存在较大

力(主要是负荷)的情况下测量很小的力，这就要求试验设备必须有较高的精度。

5.2性能要求

5.2.1转鼓直径

转鼓的外直径为1700mm士17mm,

5.2.2转鼓表面品质

转鼓的外周表面应为光滑的钢质面或有纹理面，且应保持清洁。钢质面的粗糙度应符合C.6给出

的要求。有纹理面的纹理深度参见D.4

5.2.3转鼓宽度

转鼓表面宽度应大于试验轮胎的行驶面宽度。

5.2.4试验轮辆

试验轮惘的宽度和偏差应符合C.2的要求。

52.5定位和精度

轮胎及其负荷的定位应符合C.3给出的要求。控制精度应符合C.4的规定。仪表精度见C.5.

6试验条件

6.1环境温度

环境温度应在轮轴中心线的延长线上，距轮胎胎侧表面1m处测量。标准环境温度为250C，若环

境温度不能达到标准温度时，则允许在200C-30'C的环境温度范围内进行试验，但应将试验数据按8.3

给出的计算公式修正为标准环境温度下的轮胎滚动阻力值。

6.2转鼓表面温度

在试验开始时，转鼓外周表面的温度应接近环境温度。

6.3试验气压

标准的滚动阻力试验采用轮胎闭气试验。轿车轮胎的试验开始气压应等于GB9743或GB/T2978

规定的该规格轮胎的最大负荷对应的气压减去30kPa后的值。载重汽车轮胎的试验开始气压应为

GB9744或GB/T2977规定的该规格轮胎的最大单胎负荷对应的气压。试验开始气压的控制精度应符

合C.4.1的规定

6.4试验负荷

轿车轮胎的标准试验负荷应为GB9743或GB/T2978规定的该规格轮胎的最大单胎负荷的

80%载重汽车轮胎的标准试验负荷应为GB9744或GB/T2977规定的该规格轮胎的最大单胎负荷

的8500。试验负荷的控制精度应符合C.4.1的规定。

65试验速度

试验速度以转鼓的外周表面速度为准。轮胎的试验速度应符合表1中的要求。轿车轮胎和单胎负

荷指数镇121，速度符号N及其以上的载重汽车轮胎有单速试验和多速试验两种，可任选其一或两者皆

用。多速试验应按低速至高速顺序连续进行。各种试验速度均应控制在C.4.1给出的精度范围内

66时间和速度变量

当采用减速度法时，运行时间的增量应不大于0.5s，试验速