GB/T 48286-2026 运载火箭和航天器地面分离试验要求

ICS49.020

CCSV71

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879：2023

运载火箭和航天器地面分离试验要求

Groundtestrequirementsfortheseparationbetweenalaunchvehicleand

aspacecraft

（ISO5879：2023，Spacesystems—Groundtestfortheseparationbetweena

launchvehicleandaspacecraft—Requirementsforcombinedseparationtests，

horizontalseparationtestsandindividualfallingseparationtests，IDT）

2026⁃09⁃28发布2027⁃01⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879:2023

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4符号·······················································································································2

5通用要求·················································································································2

5.1分离试验目的·····································································································2

5.2分离试验过程·····································································································3

5.3分离试验的试验件状态·························································································5

5.4试验数据要求·····································································································6

5.5试验时序···········································································································6

5.6试验前仿真要求··································································································7

5.7试验环境要求·····································································································8

5.8异常处理···········································································································8

5.9试验结果评估·····································································································8

5.10试验文件··········································································································8

6试验设施·················································································································8

6.1概述·················································································································8

6.2标校要求···········································································································9

6.3控制仪器要求·····································································································9

6.4测量仪器和设备要求····························································································9

6.5试验支架要求····································································································12

6.6试验设施的技术安全要求·····················································································13

7试验安装要求·········································································································14

7.1概述················································································································14

7.2试验件安装要求·································································································14

7.3传感器安装要求·································································································14

7.4高速摄影安装要求······························································································15

7.5试验安装的安全要求···························································································15

8试验状态预调试要求································································································16

9测量和数据采集要求································································································16

9.1概述················································································································16

Ⅰ

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879:2023

9.2试验专门要求数据处理要求··················································································16

9.3分离运动数据采集和处理要求···············································································16

9.4冲击数据采集和处理要求·····················································································16

附录A（资料性）试验方法概述及试验方法间相互关系·······················································18

A.1试验方法概述···································································································18

A.2组合体自由落体分离试验应用场合········································································18

A.3单独自由落体分离试验应用场合···········································································18

A.4水平摆式分离试验应用场合·················································································18

A.5单独自由落体分离试验运动参数评估·····································································18

A.6解锁装置和分离冲量装置作用··············································································19

附录B（资料性）组合体自由落体分离试验······································································20

B.1试验目的·········································································································20

B.2试验状态·········································································································20

B.3试验方法·········································································································21

附录C（资料性）单独自由落体分离试验·········································································22

C.1试验目的·········································································································22

C.2试验状态·········································································································22

C.3试验方法·········································································································23

附录D（资料性）水平摆式分离试验···············································································24

D.1试验目的·········································································································24

D.2试验状态·········································································································24

D.3试验方法·········································································································25

附录E（资料性）分离试验开展·····················································································26

E.1概述···············································································································26

E.2试验准备·········································································································26

E.3试验进行·········································································································26

E.4试验后续工作···································································································27

参考文献····················································································································28

Ⅱ

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879:2023

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定

起草。

本文件等同采用ISO5879：2023《空间系统运载火箭和航天器地面分离试验组合体自由落体

分离试验、水平摆式分离试验、单独自由落体分离试验要求》。

本文件做了下列最小限度的编辑性改动：

——为与现有标准协调，将标准名称改为《运载火箭和航天器地面分离试验要求》；

——由于相关英文缩略语使用中文词汇直接表示，ISO5879：2023的缩略语不在本文件中使用，删

除了缩略语COG、LV、SC、SDOF、SRS。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国宇航技术及其应用标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC425）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：北京宇航系统工程研究所、北京强度环境研究所、北京卫星环境工程研究所。

本文件主要起草人：陆凯、马飞、冯韶伟、胡振兴、宋漪萍、夏慧、李泽琛、王丹、崔洪伟、刘薇。

Ⅲ

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879:2023

引言

运载火箭和航天器分离对于成功入轨是一个非常关键的动作。运载火箭和航天器分离时出现的

任何异常会引起严重后果。火箭和航天器之间的地面分离试验是模拟和获取分离特性的有效方法，能

降低火箭和航天器分离失效风险，提高在轨分离时的可靠性。本文件提供三种地面分离试验方法用于

在不同应用场合验证运载火箭和航天器分离。三种分离方法是：组合体自由落体分离试验、水平摆式

分离试验、单独自由落体分离试验。

这三种分离试验方法概述和相互之间的关系在附录A中说明。在分离时，对于运载火箭和航天

器在零过载状态或运载火箭和航天器之间相对加速度为零的情况下的分离运动和分离动力学试验，分

离试验可选择附录B中的组合体自由落体分离试验。对于试验目的是火箭和航天器接口对接验证以

及冲击响应量级确认，分离试验可选择附录C中的单独自由落体分离试验。由于试验状态相对简单，

在实际工作中，一般使用附录D中的水平摆式分离试验进行运载火箭和航天器在零过载状态或运载

火箭和航天器之间相对加速度为零的情况下的分离运动和分离动力学试验。

除了以上三类分离试验方法，还有许多其他试验方法用于验证分离系统和分离过程，如系统建模

仿真方法和与现有相似系统类比方法等，这些方法都可用于相应的适用场合。本文件不否认这些方法

在系统分离特性仿真和试验中可有效应用。

因为在不同项目或项目的不同阶段，试验目的可能不同，本文件的试验要求可根据不同试验目的

进行适当剪裁。

Ⅳ

GB/T48286—2026/ISO5879:2023

运载火箭和航天器地面分离试验要求

1范围

本文件规定了用于验证运载火箭和航天器之间（或初样状态火箭级间）分离的组合体自由落体分

离试验、水平摆式分离试验、单独自由落体分离试验三类典型运载火箭和航天器分离试验方法的试验

要求。本文件还对分离试验组件、试验数据、试验时序、试验前仿真、试验环境、试验异常处理、试验结

果评估、试验文件、试验设施、试验安装、试验状态预调试、测量和数据采集等提出了相关要求。

本文件适用于试验单位和相关单位进行运载火箭和航天器分离试验。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

ISO14620⁃‑1：2018空间系统安全要求第1部分：系统安全（Spacesystems—Safetyrequire⁃‑

ments—Part1：Systemsafety）

ISO15864：2021空间系统航天器系统、分系统、单元通用试验方法（Spacesystems—General

testmethodsforspacecraft，subsystemsandunits）

注：GB/T42863—2023航天器通用试验方法（ISO15864：2021，MOD）

ISO22137空间系统项目管理试验评审（Spacesystems—Programmanagement—Testre⁃‑

views）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

组合体自由落体分离试验combinedseparationtest

运载火箭和航天器试验件组合体在分离试验过程中，运载火箭和航天器试验件同时从吊点自由下

落的试验。

注：在试验过程中，分离体在被捕获前完成分离运动。

3.2

接口对接试验fitcheck

用于检查确认运载火箭和航天器之间机械接口和电气接口匹配程度的试验。

注：在分离试验前，这个检查一般包括运载火箭和航天器之间电气接口检查和机械接口检查。

3.3

水平摆式分离试验horizontalseparationtest

运载火箭和航天器试验件组合体处于水平状态分离的试验。

3.4

单独自由落体分离试验individualfallingseparationtest

航天器试验件部分或运载火箭试验件部分垂直状态分离后单独下落的试验。

1