GB/T 31274-2024 电子电气产品限用物质管理体系 要求

ICS31.020

CCSL10

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T31274—2024

代替GB/T31274—2014

电子电气产品限用物质管理体系要求

Restrictedsubstancesmanagementsystemsforelectricalandelectronic

products—Requirements

2024⁃08⁃23发布2024⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T31274—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4组织环境·················································································································2

4.1理解组织及其环境·······························································································2

4.2理解相关方的需求和期望······················································································3

4.3确定限用物质管理体系的范围················································································3

4.4限用物质管理体系及其过程···················································································3

5领导作用·················································································································4

5.1领导作用和承诺··································································································4

5.2方针·················································································································4

5.3组织的岗位、职责和权限························································································4

6策划·······················································································································5

6.1应对风险和机遇的措施·························································································5

6.2限用物质管理目标及其实现的策划··········································································5

6.3变更的策划········································································································6

7支持·······················································································································6

7.1资源·················································································································6

7.2能力·················································································································7

7.3意识·················································································································8

7.4沟通·················································································································8

7.5成文信息···········································································································8

8运行·······················································································································9

8.1运行的策划和控制·······························································································9

8.2产品和服务的要求·······························································································9

8.3产品和服务的设计和开发·····················································································10

8.4外部提供的过程、产品和服务的控制·······································································12

8.5生产和服务提供·································································································13

8.6产品和服务的放行······························································································15

8.7不合格输出的控制······························································································15

9绩效评价···············································································································15

Ⅰ

GB/T31274—2024

9.1监视、测量、分析和评价························································································15

9.2内部审核··········································································································16

9.3管理评审··········································································································17

10改进····················································································································17

10.1通则··············································································································17

10.2不合格和纠正措施····························································································17

10.3持续改进········································································································18

附录A（资料性）限用物质管理风险评估·········································································19

参考文献····················································································································20

Ⅱ

GB/T31274—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T31274—2014《电子电气产品限用物质管理体系要求》，与GB/T31274—

2014相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

——删除了术语和定义“限用物质控制”（见2014年版的3.8）；

——增加了术语和定义“顾客、供方、外部供方、风险、生命周期”（见3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8、3.11）；

——增加了理解组织及其环境、理解相关方的需求和期望、应对风险和机遇的措施、组织的知识、

产品和服务的设计和开发通则、生产和服务提供更改控制的内容（见4.1、4.2、6.1、7.1.6、

8.3.1、8.5.6）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国电工电子产品与系统的环境标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC297）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：中国电子技术标准化研究院、北京赛西认证有限责任公司、广州赛宝认证中心服

务有限公司、中国质量认证中心、联想（北京）有限公司、利亚德光电股份有限公司、曙光信息产业股份

有限公司、青岛海尔质量检测有限公司、宁畅信息技术（杭州）有限公司、中科可控信息产业有限公司、

金舟远航（北京）信息产业有限公司、联想长风科技（北京）有限公司、紫光恒越技术有限公司、广东质检

中诚认证有限公司、中国信息通信研究院、天津七五四光电技术有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：唐葵、黄俊梅、陈春艳、杨宇涛、李涛、杨檬、马奇菊、张华芹、郭智源、白建军、

刘莉、张迎华、孙京岩、胡敏、金静、韩旭、宋文溪、闫振中、王东升、杨飞、李进、杨吉双、李建明、杜虹。

本文件于2014年首次发布，本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T31274—2024

引言

控制和减少电子电气产品废弃后对环境造成的污染，促进电子电气行业清洁生产和资源综合利

用，减少或消除电子电气产品中可能含有的限用物质，保护环境和人体健康，是电子电气产品生产相关

组织的社会责任。建立限用物质管理体系，为组织提升竞争力，实现绿色可持续发展提供有效途径。

本文件旨在规范组织限用物质管理过程，帮助组织提高限用物质管理能力。

本文件符合ISO对管理体系标准的要求。这些要求包括一个高层结构，相同的核心正文，以及具

有核心定义的通用术语，目的是方便使用者实施多个管理体系标准。

本文件采用“策划⁃实施⁃检查⁃处置（PDCA）”的过程方法，不包含针对其他管理体系的要求，例如：

质量、环境、职业健康安全。但是，组织在使用本文件时可以运用共同的方法和基于风险的思维，将其

限用物质管理体系与其他管理体系的要求进行整合。

本文件包括了评价符合性所需的要求。任何有意愿的组织均可通过以下方式证实其符合本文件：

——进行自我评价和自我声明；

——寻求组织的相关方（例如：顾客），对其符合性进行确认；

——寻求组织的外部机构对其自我声明的确认；

——寻求外部组织对其限用物质管理体系进行认证或注册。

Ⅳ

GB/T31274—2024

电子电气产品限用物质管理体系要求

1范围

本文件规定了电子电气产品生产相关组织限用物质管理体系的要求，包括组织环境、领导作用、策

划、支持、运行、绩效评价和改进。

本文件适用于对各种类型和规模的电子电气产品生产相关组织进行限用物质管理体系评价。

注：电子电气产品生产相关组织包括电子电气产品的制造商、供方、修理方、维护方和服务提供方及其供应链。

2规范性引用文件

本文件没有规范性引用文件。

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

电子电气产品electricalandelectronicproducts

依靠电流或磁场工作，发生、传输和测量这种电流和磁场，额定工作电压在直流电不超过1500V、

交流电不超过1000V的设备及配套产品。

[来源：GB/T26572—2011，3.2]

3.2

限用物质restrictedsubstances

法律法规或顾客要求在电子电气产品中限制使用的物质。

[来源：GB/T26572—2011，3.1]

3.3

组织organization

为实现目标，由职责、权限和相互关系构成自身功能的一个人或一组人。

注：组织的概念包括，但不限于代理商、公司、集团、商行、企事业单位、行政机构、合营公司、协会、慈善机构或研究

机构，或上述组织的部分或组合，无论是否为法人组织，公有的或私有的。

[来源：GB/T19000—2016，3.2.1]

3.4

相关方interestedparty;stakeholder

可影响决策或活动、受决策或活动所影响或自认为受决策或活动影响的个人或组织。

示例：顾客、所有者、组织内的人员、供方、银行、监管者、工会、合作伙伴以及可包括竞争对手或相对立的社会群体。

[来源：GB/T19000—2016，3.2.3]

3.5

顾客customer

能够或实际接受为其提供的，或按要求提供的产品或服务的个人或组织。

示例：消费者、委托人、最终使用者、销售商、内部过程的产品和服务的接收人、受益者或采购方。

注：顾客可以是组织内部的或外部的。

1

GB/T31274—2024

[来源：GB/T19000—2016，3.2.4，有修改]

3.6

供方provider;supplier

提供产品或服务的组织。

示例：产品或服务的制造商、批发商、销售商。

注1：供方可以是组织内部或外部的。

注2：在合同情况下，供方有时称为“承包方”。

[来源：GB/T19000—2016，3.2.5，有修改]

3.7

外部供方externalprovider;externalsupplier

组织以外的供方。

示例：产品或服务的制造商、批发商、销售商。

[来源：GB/T19000—2016，3.2.6，有修改]

3.8

风险risk

不确定性的影响。

注1：影响指对预期的偏离，包括正面的或负面的。

注2：不确定性是指对事件及其后果或可能性缺乏甚至部分缺乏相关信息、理解或知识的状态。

注3：通常风险以潜在“事件”和“后果”或两者的结合来表述。

注4：本文件中的“风险和机遇”指会对组织提供的产品和服务的限用物质特性造成负面或正面影响的风险和机遇。

[来源：GB/T45001—2020，3.20，有修改]

3.9

限用物质特性restrictedsubstancescharacteristic

产品中限用物质及其含量是否符合相关法规或顾客要求的属性。

注：限用物质特性是产品质量特性之一。

3.10

限用物质管理restrictedsubstancesmanagement

组织根据法律法规或顾客的要求对于产品限用物质特性实施的过程控制和质量保证。

3.11

生命周期lifecycle

产品（或服务）系统中前后衔接的一系列阶段，从自然界或从自然资源中获取原材料，直至最终

处置。

注：生命周期阶段包括原材料获取、设计、生产、运输和（或）交付、使用、寿命结束后处理和最终处置。

[GB/T24001—20163.3.3]

来源：，

4组织环境

4.1理解组织及其环境

组织应确定与其宗旨和战略方向相关，并影响其实现限用物质管理体系预期结果的能力的各种外

部和内部因素。

组织应对这些外部和内部因素的相关信息进行监视和评审。

注1：考虑来自于国际、国内、地区或当地的各种环境法律法规、技术、竞争、市场的因素，有助于理解外部环境。

2

GB/T31274—2024

注2：考虑与顾客要求、产品类型和范围以及生产过程和管理相关的因素，有助于理解内部环境。

4.2理解相关方的需求和期望

由于相关方对组织稳定提供符合法律法规和顾客要求的产品和服务的限用物质管理能力具有影

响或潜在影响，因此，组织应确定：

a）与限用物质管理体系有关的相关方；

b）与限用物质管理体系有关的相关方的要求。

组织应持续地确定、监视和评审这些相关方的信息及其相关要求。

4.3确定限用物质管理体系的范围

组织应确定限用物质管理体系的边界和适用性，以确定其范围。

在确定范围时，组织应识别：

a）4.1中提及的各种外部和内部因素；

b）4.2中提及的相关方的要求；

c）组织的产品和服务。

如果本文件的全部要求适用于组织确定的限用物质管理体系范围，组织应实施本文件的全部

要求。

组织的限用物质管理体系范围应作为成文信息，可获得并得到保持。该范围应描述所覆盖的产品

和服务类型，如果组织确定本文件的某些要求不适用于其限用物质管理体系范围，应说明理由。

只有当所确定的不适用的要求不影响组织确保其产品和服务的限用物质管理的能力或责任，对增

强顾客满意也不会产生影响时，方可声称符合本文件的要求。

4.4限用物质管理体系及其过程

4.4.1组织应按照本文件的要求，建立、实施、保持和持续改进基于过程的限用物质管理体系，包括所

需过程及其相互作用。

组织应确定限用物质管理体系所需的过程及其在整个组织内的应用，且应：

a

）确定这些过程所需的输入和期望的输出；

b）确定这些过程的顺序和相互作用；

c）确定和应用所需的准则和方法（包括监视、测量和相关绩效指标）以确保这些过程有效运行和

控制；

d）确定这些过程所需的资源并确保其可获得；

e）分配这些过程的职责和权限；

f）按照6.1的要求应对风险和机遇；

g）评价这些过程，实施所需的变更，以确保实现这些过程的预期结果；

h）改进过程和限用物质管理体系。

4.4.2在必要的范围和程度上，组织应：

a）保持成文信息以支持过程运行；

b）保留成文信息以确信其过程按策划进行。

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GB/T31274—2024

5领导作用

5.1领导作用和承诺

5.1.1通则

最高管理者应通过以下方面，证明其对限用物质管理体系的领导作用和承诺：

a）对限用物质管理体系的有效性负责；

b）确保制定限用物质管理体系的管理方针和管理目标，并与组织环境相适应，与战略方向相

一致；

c）确保限用物质管理体系要求融入组织的业务过程；

d）促进使用过程方法和基于风险的思维；

e）确保限用物质管理体系所需的资源是可获得的；

f）沟通有效的限用物质管理和符合限用物质管理体系要求的重要性；

g）确保限用物质管理体系实现其预期结果；

h）促使人员积极参与，指导和支持他们为限用物质管理体系的有效性作出贡献；

i）推动改进；

j）支持其他相关管理者在其职责范围内发挥领导作用。

5.1.2以顾客为关注焦点

最高管理者应通过确保以下方面，证实其以顾客为关注焦点的领导作用和承诺：

a）确定、理解并持续地满足适用的法律法规以及顾客对限用物质特性的要求；

b）确定和应对风险和机遇，这些风险和机遇可能影响产品和服务合格以及增强顾客满意的

能力；

c）始终致力于增强顾客