GB/T 22482-2026 水文情报预报规范

ICS07.060

CCSN93

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T22482—2026

代替GB/T22482—2008

水文情报预报规范

Specificationforhydrologicalinformationandhydrologicalforecasting

2026⁃07⁃30发布2027⁃02⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T22482—2026

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4总体要求·················································································································1

5水文情报·················································································································2

5.1水情信息采集报送·······························································································2

5.2水情信息归集·····································································································2

5.3水情信息质量·····································································································3

6洪水预报·················································································································3

6.1一般规定···········································································································3

6.2预报模型和方法··································································································3

6.3预报方案···········································································································3

6.4作业预报···········································································································4

6.5精度评定···········································································································4

7其他水文预报···········································································································8

7.1洪水风险要素预报·······························································································8

7.2水库水文预报及水工程施工期预报··········································································8

7.3冰情预报···········································································································9

7.4潮位预报···········································································································9

7.5咸情预报··········································································································10

7.6沙情预报··········································································································10

7.7墒情预报··········································································································11

7.8水质预报··········································································································11

7.9地下水预报·······································································································11

7.10枯水预报········································································································11

7.11中长期预报·····································································································11

8水文情报预报服务···································································································12

Ⅰ

GB/T22482—2026

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T22482—2008《水文情报预报规范》，与GB/T22482—2008相比，除结构调整和

编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）在“总体要求”中增加了水文情报预报的总体目标（见4.1），更改了水文情报预报内容、水文预

报方案成果审查、水文情报预报业务系统、水文情报预报发布等规定（见4.2、4.5、4.8、4.9、

4.10、4.11，2008年版的4.1、4.3、4.4、8.1.2、8.3.3、8.3.4）；

b）删除了水情站网的要求（见2008年版的5.1.1、5.1.2、5.1.3），增加了水情信息报送的内容规定

（见5.1.2），更改了水情信息报送要求（见5.1.3、5.1.4，2008年版的5.2.1、5.2.2、5.2.3）；

c）更改了水情信息传输、处理、存储规定（见5.2.1、5.2.2、5.2.3，2008年版的5.3.1、5.3.2、5.3.3、

5.4.1、5.4.2、5.4.3、5.4.4、5.5.1、5.5.2、5.5.3、5.5.4、5.5.5），更改了水情信息质量的规定（见

5.3.1、5.3.2，2008年版的5.6.1、5.6.2、5.6.3、5.6.4）；

d）更改了“洪水预报”的一般规定（见6.1，2008年版的6.1.1），增加了“预报方案”“作业预报”规

定（见6.3、6.5），更改了“突发性洪水预报”规定（见6.3.3，2008年版的6.3）；

e）增加了平原河网区和集水面积200km2~3000km2且平均汇流时间大于6h的预报断面的许

可误差规定（见6.5.4）；

f）增加了“洪水风险要素预报”“咸情预报”“沙情预报”“墒情预报”“地下水预报”规定（见7.1、

7.5、7.6、7.7、7.9）；

g）增加了编制水库水文预报及水工程施工期预报方案规定（见7.2.4），更改了冰情预报项目、预

报方法、精度评定规定（见7.3.1、7.3.2、7.3.3，2008年版的7.3.1、7.3.2、7.3.3、7.3.4）；

h）更改了潮位预报的方法、方案预见期、方案规定许可误差规定（见7.4.2、7.4.4，2008年版的

7.1.2、7.1.4），增加了潮位作业预报的精度评定（见7.4.4）；

i）更改了水质预报技术规定（见7.8.1、7.8.3，2008年版的7.6.1、7.6.2、7.6.4），更改了枯水预报方

案编制、中长期预报的精度评定规定（见7.10.2、7.11.4，2008年版的7.4.2、7.5.4）；

j）在“水文情报预报服务”中增加了流域性洪水、旱情服务规定（见8.5、8.6），更改了水文情报预

报服务内容、洪水等级划分规定（见8.1、8.4，2008年版的8.1.1、8.2）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国水利部提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：水利部信息中心、长江水利委员会水文局、黄河水利委员会水文局、淮河水利委

员会水文局（信息中心）、水利部海河水利委员会水文局、河海大学、黑龙江省水文水资源中心、浙江省

水文管理中心、安徽省水文局、山东省水文中心、广西壮族自治区水文中心。

本文件主要起草人：钱峰、孙春鹏、侯爱中、王容、王金星、李岩、官学文、王凯、王淑英、胡智丹、赵兰兰、

姚成、张献志、李京兵、王海军、肖兴涛、廖文凯、魏琳、张怡雯、张麓瑀。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——2008年首次发布为GB/T22482—2008；

——本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T22482—2026

水文情报预报规范

1范围

本文件规定了水文情报、洪水预报以及其他水文预报、水文情报预报服务的技术要求。

本文件适用于水文情报预报工作和相关活动。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB5749生活饮用水卫生标准

GB/T41368水文自动测报系统技术规范

GB/T50095水文基本术语和符号标准

GB/T51040—2023地下水监测工程技术标准

SL206已成防洪工程经济效益分析计算及评价规范

SL323实时雨水情数据库表结构与标识符

SL/T324水文数据库表结构及标识符

SL330水情信息编码

SL651水文监测数据通信规约

SL758水情预警信号

3术语和定义

GB/T50095界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。

4总体要求

4.1水文情报预报应加强多源监测感知信息归集分析与大数据、人工智能等新技术应用，宜研发迭代

模型方法，推进气象水文水动力耦合预报，实现延长预报预见期与提高预报精准度的有效统一，支撑预

警精准发布和水工程科学调度。

4.2水文情报预报应包括下列内容：

a）收集和处理流域地形地貌、土地利用、植被覆盖以及社会经济等基础信息；

b）收集和处理雨情、水情、旱情、风暴潮、冰情、咸情、沙情、墒情、水质以及地下水等各项信息；

c）制作和发布不同预见期的水情、旱情、风暴潮、冰情、咸情、沙情、墒情、水质、地下水以及其他

水文现象的预报或预测；

d）分析和提供旱涝趋势预测以及展望成果；

e）分析和提供有关水文情势专题的咨询或参考资料。

4.3应编制水文预报方案，并以此作为作业预报的基本依据。

4.4水文预报方案应包括流域水文特性说明，使用资料可靠性、一致性、代表性分析，采用的模型和方

1