GB/T 46596-2025 铜、铅、锌和镍精矿 矿浆取样

ICS73.060.99

CCSD42

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T46596—2025

铜、铅、锌和镍精矿矿浆取样

Copper，lead，zincandnickelconcentrates—Samplingofslurries

（ISO11794：2017，MOD）

2025⁃10⁃31发布2026⁃05⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T46596—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4矿浆取样原则···········································································································2

4.1一般要求···········································································································2

4.2取制样误差········································································································3

4.3取制样方差和总方差····························································································5

5建立取制样方案········································································································8

6减小偏差和无偏差的份样质量····················································································12

6.1减小偏差··········································································································12

6.2避免落流取样器偏差的份样体积············································································13

7份样数量···············································································································13

7.1一般要求··········································································································13

7.2简化方法··········································································································14

8批样和副样所含固体的最小质量·················································································14

8.1批样固体的最小质量···························································································14

8.2副样固体的最小质量···························································································14

8.3粒度减小后批样和副样固体的最小质量···································································14

9时间系统取样方法···································································································14

9.1一般要求··········································································································14

9.2取样间隔··········································································································15

9.3取样器·············································································································15

9.4采取份样··········································································································15

9.5批样或副样的构成······························································································15

9.6份样和副样的缩分······························································································15

9.7批样的缩分·······································································································15

9.8缩分的份样数量·································································································15

10固定时间间隔内的分层随机抽样················································································16

11流动矿浆机械取样··································································································16

11.1一般要求········································································································16

11.2取样系统的设计·······························································································16

11.3矿浆样品取样器·······························································································17

Ⅰ

GB/T46596—2025

11.4份样中的固体质量····························································································18

11.5初始份样的数量·······························································································18

11.6常规检查········································································································18

12流动矿浆手工取样··································································································18

12.1一般要求········································································································18

12.2取样位置的选取·······························································································18

12.3取样工具········································································································19

12.4份样中固体的质量····························································································19

12.5初始份样的数量·······························································································19

12.6取样程序········································································································19

13样品制备··············································································································20

13.1一般要求········································································································20

13.2样品缩分········································································································20

13.3样品研磨········································································································20

13.4化学分析样品··································································································20

13.5物理测试样品··································································································20

14样品包装和标识·····································································································20

附录A（资料性）本文件与ISO11794：2017结构编号对照情况············································22

附录B（规范性）计算取样方差和总方差的阶段取样方法····················································23

B.1取样误差和取样方差的组成·················································································23

B.2基本方差的计算································································································24

B.3分离和分组方差································································································25

B.4长期品质波动···································································································25

B.5总方差的实际计算·····························································································26

附录C（资料性）正确的矿浆取样装置示例······································································27

附录D（资料性）不正确的矿浆取样装置示例···································································29

附录E（规范性）手工取样工具·····················································································33

参考文献····················································································································34

Ⅱ

GB/T46596—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件修改采用ISO11794：2017《铜、铅、锌和镍精矿矿浆取样》。

本文件与ISO11794：2017相比，在结构上有较多调整，两个文件之间的结构编号变化对照一览表

见附录A。

本文件与ISO11794：2017的技术差异在所涉及的条款的外侧页边空白位置用垂直单线（|）进行了

标示。技术差异及其原因如下：

——用规范性引用的GB/T27679替换了ISO12744（见第3章、4.3.2、4.3.4），以适应我国的技术

条件，增加可操作性；

——用规范性引用的GB/T27680替换了ISO13292（见第3章、13.3），以适应我国的技术条件，

增加可操作性；

——增加了“矿浆”的术语和定义（见3.1），以突出核心术语的重要性，便于理解；

——更改了4.1“滤液如需分析则宜保留”中“宜”（should）为“应”（shall）（见4.1），当滤液需进行分

析时，保留滤液是应执行的步骤；

——更改了“Vezin取样器”为“圆形路径落流式取样器”（见6.1），以突出其主要结构原理，便于

理解；

——更改了6.1“安装取样器后宜定期检查份样平均质量”中“宜”（should）为“应”（shall）（见6.1），

安装取样器后定期检查份样平均质量，是获取有代表性样品要求的必要程序；

23ΔΔ1022

——更改了公式（）中“t”为“t′”，“n”为“nl”（见第章），以和公式（）进行区分；

——更改了图6中b）、c）图例顺序（见11.2.5），将两个正确取样图例归类描述，以和不正确取样图

例区分，便于理解；

——删除了ISO11794：2017中第13章“静态矿浆取样”，因为此内容在范围中已说明，属于重复

赘述。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国有色金属工业协会提出。

本文件由全国有色金属标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC243）归口。

本文件起草单位：江西铜业股份有限公司、金川集团股份有限公司、云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司、

铜陵有色集团股份有限公司、深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司、云南铜业股份有限公司、紫金矿

业集团股份有限公司、矿冶科技集团有限公司、大冶有色金属集团控股有限公司、深圳市中金岭南有色

金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿。

本文件主要起草人：赵桂洪、张波、刘柳、罗郑琼、张苏文、冉兴明、陈渭林、赵黎明、刘冠群、沈广鑫、

肖克平、李显杰、肖艳中、孟德暑、韦宏伟、李健灵、罗荣根、赵建军、罗静、张文斌、辜仕琼、黄学峰、陈诗韵、

龚丽、蔡创开、周成、张莉、代鹏、于斌。

Ⅲ

GB/T46596—2025

铜、铅、锌和镍精矿矿浆取样

警示——本文件可能涉及危险材料、操作和设备。本文件的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的健

康与安全措施，并确定是否存在其他适用的限制条件。

1范围

本文件规定了矿物颗粒与液体（通常是水）混合形成的矿浆的取样基本方法。在工业以及采矿和

矿物加工文献中，矿浆也称为浆料，但本文件中未使用该术语。当固体和液体混合比例很高时，物料呈

软塑状，这种混合物确切的被称为膏体，本文件不涉及膏体的取样。

本文件所述程序适用于以矿浆的形式流动运输的矿物颗粒取样，但不适用于加压的矿浆。矿浆流

可以是自由瀑落的，也可以通过管道、溜槽、水槽、闸槽、螺旋槽或类似渠道输送。本文件不建议也不涉

及对静态矿浆（如在容器或水坝中沉淀或搅拌均匀的矿浆）进行取样。

本文件描述了为提供代表性样品而设计的程序，这些样品代表了待检测矿浆固体的品质特征及粒

度分布。矿浆样品过滤并测量液体体积后，矿浆中含矿物颗粒的湿样品可经干燥（如有需要），以无偏

差方式和已知精密度对其中的一个或多个品质特征通过化学分析、物理测试或者两者结合的方式进行

测量。

本文件适用于要求检测以验证是否符合产品规格的矿浆，其品质特征的测量结果用作贸易伙伴之

间结算的基础，或用于估计描述一个系统或过程的一组平均特征和方差。

如果流速不是太高，相比其他取样程序，参考方法是将整体矿浆流转移到一个容器的过程控制在

特定的时间或体积间隔内，参考方法对应于ISO12743中描述的停止传输带法。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T27679铜、铅、锌和镍精矿检查取样精密度的实验方法（GB/T27679—2011，ISO12744：

2006，IDT）

GB/T27680铜、铅、锌和镍精矿检查取样误差的实验方法（GB/T27680—2011，ISO13292：

2006，IDT）

ISO12743铜、铅、锌和镍精矿测定金属和水分含量的取样方法（Copper，lead，zincandnickelcon⁃

centrates—Samplingproceduresfordeterminationofmetalandmoisturecontent）

注：GB/T14260—2010散装重有色金属浮选精矿取样、制样通则（ISO12743：2006，NEQ）

3术语和定义

GB/T27679、GB/T27680界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

矿浆slurry

公称最大粒度小于1mm的固体与水混合而成的流体混合物。

注：通常作为一种方便处理散装固体的形式。

1