GB/T 15561-2024 数字指示轨道衡

ICS17.100

CCSN13

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T15561—2024

代替GB/T15561─2008

数字指示轨道衡

Digitalindicatingrail⁃weighbridges

2024⁃12⁃31发布2025⁃07⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T15561—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4型号与命名··············································································································2

5计量要求·················································································································3

5.1准确度等级及符号·······························································································3

5.2检定分度值········································································································3

5.3多分度轨道衡的附加要求······················································································3

5.4最大允许误差·····································································································4

5.5称量结果间的允差·······························································································6

5.6检验用标准器·····································································································6

5.7鉴别力··············································································································7

5.8由影响量和时间引起的变化量················································································7

5.9长期稳定性········································································································7

6技术要求·················································································································8

6.1结构要求···········································································································8

6.2称重传感器·······································································································10

6.3电子称重仪表····································································································11

6.4与轨道衡相关的电气参数·····················································································12

6.5数字指示装置和打印装置·····················································································13

6.6置零装置和零点跟踪装置·····················································································14

6.7除皮装置··········································································································14

6.8预置皮重装置····································································································15

6.9锁定状态··········································································································15

6.10不同承载器和载荷传递装置与不同载荷测量装置间的选择（或切换）装置·······················15

6.11功能要求········································································································15

6.12抗干扰要求·····································································································16

6.13性能测试和量程稳定性测试要求··········································································16

6.14软件控制的电子装置的附加要求··········································································18

721

试验方法···············································································································

7.1测试前的准备····································································································21

7.2承载器变形量测试及超载测试···············································································23

7.3零点检查··········································································································23

7.4重复性试验·······································································································24

7.5偏载试验··········································································································24

7.6称量性能试验····································································································25

Ⅰ

GB/T15561—2024

7.7鉴别力检验·······································································································27

7.8多指示装置·······································································································27

7.9除皮················································································································27

7.10与时间相关的测试····························································································27

7.11稳定平衡性测试·······························································································28

7.12不同承载器间的选择·························································································28

7.13影响因子和抗干扰试验······················································································28

7.14量程稳定性试验·······························································································28

7.15兼容性核查·····································································································28

7.16表面涂漆漆膜附着强度的检测·············································································31

7.17长期稳定性试验·······························································································31

8检验规则···············································································································31

8.1型式检验··········································································································31

8.2型式检验要求····································································································31

8.3出厂检验··········································································································32

8.4检验项目··········································································································32

9标志、包装、运输和贮存·····························································································33

9.1标志················································································································33

9.2包装················································································································33

9.3运输················································································································34

9.4贮存················································································································34

图1承载器变形量测试示意图······················································································23

图2单承载器偏载试验示意图······················································································24

图3两个承载器偏载试验示意图···················································································25

图4称量性能试验示意图····························································································26

表1轨道衡的准确度等级及符号·····················································································3

表2多分度轨道衡局部称量范围（用分度数表示）································································4

表3最大允许误差·······································································································4

45

表典型模块的误差分配系数························································································

表5称重传感器的准确度等级······················································································10

表6电子称重仪表的准确度等级···················································································12

表7性能测试项目·····································································································17

表8PC作为模块和外围设备的测试和必要的文件·····························································19

表9兼容性核查表·····································································································29

表10兼容性符号说明·································································································30

表11检验项目一览表·································································································32

Ⅱ

GB/T15561—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1─2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T15561—2008《静态电子轨道衡》，与GB/T15561─2008相比较，除结构调整和

编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

——增加了第4章型号与命名（见第4章）；

——更改“基本要求”为“计量要求”（见第5章，2008年版的第4章）；

——更改“技术条件”为“技术要求”（见第6章，2008年版的第5章）；

——更改检定分度值，由e≥5kg，改为e≥10kg，更加符合轨道衡的实际使用需求（见表1，2008

年版的表2）；

——增加了多分度数字指示轨道衡的附加要求，并在后面的章条中增加相应的计量及技术要求

（见5.3，5.8，6.2，6.3.5，5.5.1，6.6.3，6.7）；

——增加了制造企业对软件不具备欺骗性使用特征的承诺（见）；

——增加了多承载器数字指示轨道衡的定义和试验方法（见3.2，7.6.2，7.12.2）；

——增加了轨道衡误差分配系数的要求（见5.4.3，6.2.3，6.3.3）；

——删除了“首次检定”“后续检定”“型式评价”的内容（见2008年版的5.1.3，5.1.4，7.1），修改为

“型式检验（见8.1，8.2）”；

——增加了对称重传感器和电子称重仪表“具有相应的型式批准证书，可不需进行重复试验”的要

求（见7.13）；

3.85.97.17

——增加了“长期稳定性”要求（见，，）；

——增加了软件要求（见）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国轻工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国衡器标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC97）归口。

本文件起草单位：山东金钟科技集团股份有限公司、国家轨道衡计量站、长沙枫叶衡器有限公司、

梅特勒⁃托利多（常州）测量技术有限公司、江苏百灵衡器制造有限公司、北京华横科技有限公司、盘天

（厦门）智能交通有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：范韶辰、周生华、安爱民、高宁一、黄志福、孙文杰、李杨、李源。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——1995年首次发布为GB/T15561─1995，2008年第一次修订；

——本次为第二次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T15561—2024

引言

铁路运输是我国综合交通运输体系的骨干和主要运输方式之一，尤其适用于矿石、煤炭、石料、砂

石等大宗散装货物的运输，在我国社会经济发展中的地位和作用至关重要。数字指示轨道衡与各类装

载工具，如皮带秤、装载机、定量装车系统等配合使用，有效地解决了装载效率和准确计量之间的矛盾。

随着铁路计量管理水平的不断提高和货车车型的增多，数字指示轨道衡还成为了铁路安全源头管理的

重要计量装备。由于其承载器型式具有一定的特殊性，需使用铁路的轨道衡检衡车开展检定工作。为

了提高全国数字指示轨道衡的生产制造水平，适应数字指示轨道衡新技术的发展，更好地保障我国企

业间贸易结算的公平公正和铁路运输安全，对GB/T15561—2008《静态电子轨道衡》进行修订是很有

必要的。

Ⅳ

GB/T15561—2024

数字指示轨道衡

1范围

本文件规定了标准轨距（1435mm）数字指示轨道衡（以下简称“轨道衡”）的计量要求、技术要求、

检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存，描述了相应的试验方法。

本文件适用于标准轨距（1435mm）数字指示轨道衡的设计、生产和用户选型。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T191包装储运图示标志

GB/T2887─2011计算机场地通用规范

GB/T4167砝码

GB/T7551称重传感器

GB/T7724电子称重仪表

GB/T8923.1涂覆涂料前钢材表面处理表面清洁度的目视评定第1部分：未涂覆过的钢材

表面和全面清除原有涂层后的钢材表面的锈蚀等级和处理等级

GB/T13384机电产品包装通用技术条件

GB14249.1电子衡器安全要求

GB/T14250─2008衡器术语

GB/T17626.2─2018电磁兼容试验和测量技术静电放电抗扰度试验

GB/T17626.3─2016电磁兼容试验和测量技术射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验

GB/T17626.4─2018电磁兼容试验和测量技术电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验

GB/T17626.5─2019电磁兼容试验和测量技术浪涌（冲击）抗扰度试验

GB/T17626.6─2017电磁兼容试验和测量技术射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度

GB/T17626.11─2023电磁兼容试验和测量技术第11部分：对每相输入电流小于或等于

16A设备的电压暂降、短时中断和电压变化抗扰度试验

GB/T23111—2008非自动衡器

GB/T26389衡器产品型号编制办法

QB/T1588.1轻工机械焊接件通用技术条件

QB/T1588.2轻工机械切削加工件通用技术条件

QB/T1588.3轻工机械装配通用技术条件

QB/T1588.4轻工机械涂漆通用技术条件

JJG567轨道衡检衡车

3术语和定义

GB/T14250—2008界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

1

GB/T15561—2024

3.1

数字指示轨道衡digitalindicationrail⁃weighbridge

在铁路线上使用的装有电子装置，具有数字指示功能、称量静止状态铁路货车的大型衡器。

注：数字指示轨道衡也称为静态电子轨道衡。

3.2

多承载器数字指示轨道衡multi⁃loaddigitalindicationrail⁃weighbridge

由多个承载器组成的数字指示轨道衡。

注：包括双台面、长短台面等组合形式。

3.3

多分度轨道衡multi⁃intervalrail⁃weighbridge

只具有一个测量范围，而此测量范围又被分成不同分度值的几个局部称量范围的一种轨道衡。

注：这里的几个局部称量范围，均是根据所加载荷的递增或递减而自动确认的。最小一段称量范围从零载荷到其

相应的最大载荷；第二段称量范围的最小秤量为第一段称量范围的最大秤量；依此类推。

[来源：GB/T14250─2008，3.3.15，有修改]

3.4

多指示装置multi⁃indicatingdevice

轨道衡中显示同一称量结果的不同指示装置。

注：这些指示装置可以是数字指示装置、打印机、显示屏等。

3.5

模块module

轨道衡中用来完成一种或多种特定功能的可识别部件。

注1：该部件根据相关国际建议中的计量和技术要求单独评价。轨道衡的模块服从规定的轨道衡局部误差限的要求。

注2：典型的轨道衡模块为：称重传感器、电子称重仪表、模拟或数字数据处理装置、称重模块、终端、主要显示器等。

[来源：GB/T14250─2008，4.4，有修改]

3.6

鉴别力discriminationthreshold

引起相应示值不可检测到变化的被测量值的最大变化。

3.7

外围设备peripheraldevice

一种能复现或进一步处理称量结果和其他主要指示的附加装置。

示例：打印机、次要显示器、键盘、终端、数据存储装置、个人计算机、输送机、空压机。

［来源：GB/T14250─2008，4.5.5，有修改］

3.8

长期稳定性long⁃termstability

在规定的使用周期内，轨道衡维持其计量性能特征的能力。

3.9

基础foundation

用于支撑承载器和防爬轨架，由钢筋混凝土整体浇铸而成的稳定承载结构或稳定的架空钢梁结构。

3.10

防爬轨架anti⁃creepframe

承载器两端的结构框架，用于安装引轨，并防止两端引轨的窜动。

4型号与命名

轨道衡的型号与命名应符合GB/T26389的规定。型号的编制方法如下：

2

GB/T15561—2024

示例：数字指示轨道衡，量程100t，则代号为：FSU⁃100t⁃ZC1。即：类别：非自动F；称量方式：数字式S；承载器型

式：轨道式U；规格：100t；型式：整车计量ZC；修改代码：1；第1次修改。

5计量要求

5.1准确度等级及符号

与轨道衡的准确度等级有关的检定分度值e、检定分度数n、最大秤量Max和最小秤量Min、准确

度等级符号见表1。

表1轨道衡的准确度等级及符号

Max/

检定分度值分度数n＝e

准确度等级最小秤量（下限）Min

e最小最大

中准确度级5001000020e

e≥10kg

普通准确度级100100010e

5.2检定分度值

检定分度值e与实际分度值d相等，即e=d。并以下列形式之一表示：

——1×l0k；

——2×10k；

——5×10k。

注：k为正整数、负整数或零。

5.3多分度轨道衡的附加要求

5.3.1局部称量范围

对具有i个分度值的多分度轨道衡的每个局部称量范围（i=1，2，…）规定为：

检定分度值：，>；

——eiei+1ei

最大秤量Max；

——i

最小秤量Min=Max（当=1时，最小秤量Min=Min）；

——ii-1i1

每个局部称量范围的检定分度数按=Max/计算。

——niniiei

3

GB/T15561—2024

5.3.2准确度等级

多分度轨道衡的每个局部称量范围的检定分度值和检定分度数以及最小秤量Min根据轨道

einii

衡的准确度等级，应符合表1的规定。

5.3.3局部称量范围的最大秤量

根据轨道衡的准确度等级，除最后的局部称量范围外，应符合表2的规定。

表2多分度轨道衡局部称量范围（用分度数表示）

准确度等级

Max/e≥500≥50

ii+1

5.3.4具有除皮装置的多分度轨道衡

对每个可能的皮重值，多分度轨道衡称量范围的要求适用于除皮后的净重载荷。

5.4最大允许误差

5.4.1最大允许误差要求

轨道衡加载或卸载时的最大允许误差应符合表3的规定。

表3最大允许误差

载荷m（以检定分度值e表示）

最大允许误差

MPE

±0.5e0≤m≤5000≤m≤50

±1.0e500<m≤200050<m≤200

±1.5e2000<m≤10000200<m≤1000

5.4.2误差计算的基本原则

影响因子

各种误差应在正常测试条件下测定，当测定一个因子的影响效果时，其他所有的影响因子应接近

正常值并保持稳定。

化整误差的消除

应消除任何包含于数字示值中的化整误差。

净重值的最大允许误差

最大允许误差均适用于除皮后的净重值，预置皮重值除外。

4

GB/T15561—2024

皮重称量装置的最大允许误差

对任一皮重值，皮重称量装置的最大允许误差与轨道衡在相同载荷下的最大允许误差相同。

5.4.3误差分配

对轨道衡的各模块单独测试时，模块的最大允许误差等于轨道衡最大允许误差的（为各模块的

pipi

误差分配系数）倍，或为5.4.1规定的整机示值允许变化量的倍。在给定任一模块误差系数时，该模

pi

块应满足至少与组成的轨道衡具有相同准确度等级和检定分度数。

应满足公式（1）：

pi

2+2+…+2+…≤l…………（1）

p1p2pi

应由模块制造商选择，且应通过适当测试进行验证，测试时宜考虑以下情形：

pi

纯数字装置的可等于0；

——pi

称重模块的可等于1；

——pi

——其他所有模块（包括数字式传感器），当考虑多于一个模块对误差共同产生影响时，误差分配

系数不应大于0.8且不应小于0.3。

pi

可接受的方案：

——对于机械结构件，如根据成熟工程设计和制造的承载器、载荷传递装置和机械或电气连接件，

其2之和取0.5，无须经过测试。

pi

——电子连接器件的稳定特性适用于信号（如称重传感器输出及电阻等）传输时。

对于由典型模块组成的轨道衡，各模块的误差分配系数在表4中给出。各模块对应于不同性能要

求的影响程度不同。

表4典型模块的误差分配系数

性能要求称重传感器电子称重仪表连接件等

综合影响a0.70.50.5

温度对空载示值的影响0.70.50.5

电源变化—b1—

随时间变化的影响1——

湿热0.7c0.50.5

量程稳定性—1—

a综合影响：非线性、滞后、重复性及温度对称量的影响等。经过制造商规定的预热时间后，综合影响误差系数适

用于模块。

b符号“—”表示不受影响。

cGB/T7551SH0.7

根据，对经测试的称重传感器，PLC＝。

5.4.4测试

任何情况下，提交检验的轨道衡都应进行整机测试。

纯数字模块不需要进行7.13静态温度试验、湿度试验和7.14量程稳定性试验。如果已经符合其

他相关国家标准（或国际标准），且至少具有不低于本文件要求相同的试验严酷等级时，它们也不需要

进行7.13的抗干扰试验。

5

GB/T15561—2024

对于由软件控制的模块，6.14的附加要求适用。

5.4.5兼容性

制造商应制定并明示模块的兼容性。对于电子称重仪表和称重传感器应按7.15执行。

对于带数字输出的模块，兼容性包括经数字接口通信和数据传输的正确性，见7.15.2。

5.4.6外围设备

应对与轨道