GB/T 12980-2025 船舶低压供电系统通用技术要求和试验方法

ICS

47.020.60

CCS

U61

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T12980—2025

代替GB/T12980—1991

船舶低压供电系统通用技术要求

和试验方法

Generaltechnicalrequirementsandtestmethodsformarinelowvoltage

powersystem

2025-08-01发布2026-02-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T12980—2025

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

1

范围

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2

规范性引用文件

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3

术语和定义

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4

分类

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5

要求

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5.1

组成

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5.2

电制

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5.3

供电品质

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5.4

设计

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5.5

系统保护

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5.6

性能

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5.7

控制功能要求

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5.8

环境适应性

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6

试验方法

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6.1

试验设备

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6.2

试验前检查

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6.3

绝缘电阻测量

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6.4

起动试验

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6.5

负载试验

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6.6

电压和频率调节范围检查

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6.7

稳态调压率与调速率检查

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6.8

电压与频率的瞬态变化范围检查

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6.9

系统保护检查

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6.10

并联运行试验

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6.11

自动型供电系统的自动控制试验

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6.12

系泊与航行试验

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7

检验规则

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7.1

检验分类

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7.2

检验项目

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Ⅰ

GB/T12980—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T12980—1991《船舶电站通用技术要求和试验方法》，与GB/T12980—1991相

比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了适用范围（见第1章，1991年版的第1章）；

b）更改了术语“船舶应急电站”为“应急电站”，“调频精度”为“稳态频率波动”，并更改了

相应的定义（见3.4、3.5，1991年版的3.4、3.6）；

c）删除了术语“系统电压静态变化”及其定义（见1991年版的3.7）；

d）删除了交直流电站分类、电站主要设备代号编制方法（见1991年版的4.1、4.3）；

e）增加了供电系统组成（见5.1）；

f）删除了直流电制的选择（见1991年版的5.3.2）；

g）将“工作方式”“供电可靠性与连续性的一般要求”“基本型电站”及机组和主配电板用于自

动准同期合闸的断路器相关要求，合并修改为“设计”[见5.4，1991年版的5.2、5.5、5.7、

5.9.3d）]；

h）增加了绝缘电阻、起动时间、空载电压和频率调节、稳态调压率和调速率、并联运行的性能要

求（见5.6）；

i）更改了“并联运行”为“并联运行性能”（见5.6.6，1991年版的5.4.6）；

j）增加了控制功能要求（见5.7）；

k）更改了“使用环境”为“环境适应性”（见5.8，1991年版的5.1）；

l）更改“出厂或成套试验设备”为“试验设备”（见6.1，1991年版的6.1）；

m）更改“电站设备的出厂试验”为“试验前各组成设备应检验合格”（见6.1.3，1991年版的

6.2）；

n）更改“机组外观检查”和“配电板、自控装置的外观检查”为“试验前检查”（见6.2，1991年

版的6.3.1.1、6.3.1.2）；

o）增加了电压和频率调节范围检查试验方法（见6.6）；

p）更改了电压与频率的瞬态变化范围检查要求（见6.8，1991年版的6.3.7）；

q）增加了系统保护检查试验方法（见6.9）；

r）增加了自动型供电系统的自动控制试验方法（见6.11.2）；

s）增加了检验分类，删除了设备出厂试验相关内容（见7.1）；

t）增加了检验项目（见7.2）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国船舶电气及电子设备标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC531）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇四研究所、上海交通大学、中国船舶集团有限公司

第七〇八研究所、泰州海田电气制造有限公司、招商局金陵船舶（南京）有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：肖杨婷、赵大成、吉新科、吴冬、郭建、李然、丁峰、朱水娟、薛敏娟、李时豪、

周正琪、于爱梅、王召远、曹大友。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

—1991年首次发布为GB/T12980—1991；

—本次为第一修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T12980—2025

船舶低压供电系统通用技术要求

和试验方法

1范围

本文件规定了船舶低压交流供电系统（以下简称“供电系统”）的分类、要求和检验规则，描述了

相应的试验方法。

本文件适用于钢质船舶主电站、应急电站和停泊电站所构成的额定电压不大于1000V的低压交流

供电系统的设计、生产和试验。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

GB/T3471海船系泊及航行试验通则

钢质海船入级规范，中国船级社

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

主配电板mainswitchboard

接受主发电机所发出的电能，并对其进行控制、分配且附有测量和保护的电气装置。

3.2

应急配电板emergencyswitchboard

接受应急发电机所发出的电能，并对其进行控制、分配且附有测量和保护的电气装置。

3.3

船舶主电站shipmainpowerstation

由主发电机组和主配电板以及附属设施、控制装置所组成的电站。

3.4

应急电站emergencypowerstation

由应急发电机组和应急配电板以及附属设施、控制装置所组成的电站。

3.5

稳态频率波动frequencytolerance

在正常运行期间，频率与标称频率之间的允许最大偏差。

注：稳态频率波动不包括瞬态频率波动和频率的周期性变化，以标称频率的百分数表示。

3.6

交流负载的不对称度imbalanceofAClode

各相实际负载率与总平均负载率之差。

1