DB43/T 2314-2022 特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法

ICS25.160.40

CCSA12

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2314—2022

特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法

Testmethodforweldingresidualstressofspecialequipment

byblindholemethod

2022-05-06发布2022-08-06实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2314—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与符号············································································································1

4工件准备···············································································································2

5应变花与仪器·········································································································3

5.1应变花几何形状································································································3

5.2标准应变花······································································································3

5.3安装及使用······································································································3

5.4仪器···············································································································4

6试验和测量············································································································4

6.1试验技术·········································································································4

6.2应力测量·········································································································4

7计算方法···············································································································5

7.1计算步骤及过程································································································5

8孔边塑性变形的修正································································································5

8.1修正原理·········································································································5

8.2钻孔加工塑性应变修正法····················································································5

8.3钻孔应力集中塑性应变修正法··············································································5

9报告·····················································································································7

9.1测试报告·········································································································7

附录A（资料性）钻孔偏心的修正················································································8

参考文献··················································································································10

I

DB43/T2314—2022

II

DB43/T2314—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省市场监督管理局提出。

本文件由湖南省特种设备标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湘潭大学、湖南省特种设备检验检测研究院、岳阳市公路桥梁基建总公司、湘潭

新力机械有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：马雯波、罗更生、余启钧、刘丽红、吴丹红、邹石桥、李昱洋、吴新伟、黄河、

李检保、邵支农、林稳、许福、陈俊、杨才千、张衡、向丽、曾凡小、袁朝阳、罗奇志、王观次、

郭跃飞。

III

DB43/T2314—2022

IV

DB43/T2314—2022

特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法

1范围

本文件规定了在特种设备金属材料焊接件近表面测定特种设备焊接残余应力（高残余应力）的测试

步骤及计算方法。

本文件适用于可消耗或小浅孔不影响使用的特种设备焊缝处进行平面应力梯度较小的焊接残余应

力测定。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

SL499钻孔应变法测量残余应力的标准测试方法

CB3395残余应力测试方法钻孔应变释放法

3术语与符号

3.1

术语与定义Termsanddefinitions

下述术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1.1

特种设备焊接残余应力Residualstressinweldingofspecialequipment

特种设备在焊接过程中产生的局部残余应力。

3.1.2

特种设备焊接高残余应力Weldinghighresidualstress

特种设备在焊接过程中产生大于焊接部位材料1/2屈服强度的局部残余应力。

3.1.3

应力标定常数Stresscalibrationconstant

关联特种设备焊接残余应力和释放应变的比例系数。在钻孔应变法中，与电阻应变计几何尺寸、粘

贴位置、孔的形状和大小有关。

3.1.4

释放应变Releasestrain

对具有焊接残余应力场的特种设备结构件钻孔，其钻孔前后应变的变化量。

3.1.5

钻孔Drillhole

成孔转速在每分钟数千转，尤其指手电钻的加工方式。

1

DB43/T2314—2022

3.2

符号和说明Symbolsanddescriptions

下述符号和说明适用于本文件。

D——测量圆直径；

D0——钻孔直径；

E——杨氏模量；

Ε——均布应力释放应变；

ν——泊松比；

σx——x向均布正应力；

σy——y向均布正应力；

h——钻孔深度；

σc——残余应力初算值；

κ——残余应力初算值与试件屈服强度的比值。

εd——因钻削加工引起的塑性应变；

εe——纯弹性释放应变；

εp——由应力集中引起的塑性应变。

Q1、Q3——过渡系数；

ε1e、ε3e——x，y方向应变花中的弹性释放应变。

εxp、εyp——实测应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；

ε’xp、ε’yp——单向标定应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；

σ——标定时的外加应力，其数值从零到材料的屈服点，N/mm2；

εs——标定材料的屈服应变。

4工件准备

4.1安装应变花的表面应打磨抛光，使用粒度60目砂布打磨除锈，再用100目砂布打磨，表面粗糙度

达到Ra3.2～6.4，面积不小于应变花面积的四倍，且不应采用明显改变测试表面应力状况的刮磨或研

磨。

4.2粘贴应变花前的表面预处理应符合粘贴应变花的胶粘剂说明书要求，且应进行彻底的清洗和脱脂。

表面预处理应严格限制，不应使用明显改变表面残余应力状况的方法。详细测量过程见SL499。

4.3对特种设备受试工件，