GB/Z 45492-2025 标准化教育课程建设指南 国家质量基础设施(NQI)及应用

ICS03.180

CCSA18

中华人民共和国国家标准化指导性技术文件

GB/Z45492—2025

标准化教育课程建设指南

国家质量基础设施（NQI）及应用

Coursedevelopmentguideforeducationaboutstandardization—

Nationalqualityinfrastructureanditsapplication

2025⁃03⁃28发布2025⁃03⁃28实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/Z45492—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义、符号和缩略语··························································································1

3.1术语和定义········································································································1

3.2符号和缩略语·····································································································3

4总体原则·················································································································3

4.1系统性··············································································································3

4.2实践性··············································································································4

4.3专业性··············································································································4

4.4多样性··············································································································4

4.5持续改进···········································································································4

5课程设计·················································································································4

5.1课程目标···········································································································4

5.2课程设计框架·····································································································5

5.3课程基本信息·····································································································5

5.4课程内容···········································································································5

5.5课程资源···········································································································7

6课程制作·················································································································7

6.1课件制作···········································································································7

6.2试题文件制作·····································································································7

6.3课内实践制作·····································································································8

6.4课外实践制作·····································································································8

6.5内容审核与修改··································································································8

6.6课程交付···········································································································8

7课程实施·················································································································8

7.1课程团队···········································································································8

7.2教学实施···········································································································9

7.3考核方式··········································································································10

8课程评价与改进······································································································10

8.1评价原则··········································································································10

8.2评价内容··········································································································10

Ⅰ

8.3评价方式··········································································································10

8.4改进调整··········································································································11

附录A（资料性）课程知识点·························································································12

附录B（资料性）职业教育和继续教育领域的课程知识点·····················································20

附录C（资料性）教学大纲要点示例················································································26

附录D（资料性）实践教学活动示例················································································32

参考文献····················································································································34

GB/Z45492—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定

起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国标准化教育标准化工作组（SAC/SWG27）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：深圳市计量质量检测研究院、深圳技术大学、华测检测认证集团股份有限公司、

深圳天溯计量检测股份有限公司、河北大学、国家市场监督管理总局认证认可技术研究中心、华南理工

大学、上海大学、中国计量科学研究院、中国标准化研究院、安徽省质量和标准化研究院、中国航空综合

技术研究所、天纺标（深圳）检测认证股份有限公司、东华大学、深圳职业技术大学、广州市番禺区检验

检测产业促进会、广州市轻工技师学院、广州市技师学院、精研质标科技（深圳）有限公司、广东省东莞

市质量技术监督标准与编码所、湖南大学、上海工程技术大学、中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电

公司柳州局、中国计量大学、中科健康产业集团股份有限公司、中国质量标准出版传媒有限公司、芜湖

市标准化研究院。

本文件主要起草人：杨志敏、刘汇、罗伟、钱晓艳、杨克军、黄曼雪、邓军、方立德、贾鹏、黄理纳、刘宏伟、

陈国芬、王宇、赵五州、严玉蓉、李明、于连超、易婷婷、康键、吴倩、万曙峰、黄开胜、郭继平、陈欢、蒋婷、

陈伟健、李卫东、张丛光、叶有权、黄旭光、钟秀平、麦婉菁、李明根、陈欣欣、徐绍坤、黎柏强、钟才粦、

滕召胜、辛斌杰、宋阳、颜鹰、周亚杰、李保忠、郭天慧、鲁雅婷、杜佳婷、郑惠政、曾莉骅、李昊。

Ⅲ

GB/Z45492—2025

引言

德国物理技术研究院（PTB）于2002年首次提出了国家质量基础设施（nationalqualityinfrastruc⁃

ture，NQI）的概念，联合国贸易中心（ITC）于2005年发布《出口战略创新》报告，提出NQI的理念；联

合国工业发展组织（UNIDO）和国际标准化组织（ISO）于2006年提出计量、标准和合格评定是未来经

济社会发展的三大支柱；世界银行（WB）于2013年提出建设NQI的公共干预理论，认为国家质量基础

适用于所有产品和服务；国际标准化组织（ISO）、国际法制计量组织（OIML）、国际认可论坛（IAF）等于

2017年召开国际会议将市场监督纳入NQI体系。NQI有不同的层级概念，包括全球质量基础设施

（GQI），国家质量基础设施（NQI）、区域质量基础设施（RQI）、产业质量基础设施（IQI）和企业质量基础

设施（EQI）等，以上概念也可统称质量基础设施（QI）。NQI的内涵还在不断丰富，外延仍在拓展中。

世界发达国家以及相关国际组织均非常重视NQI的研究与应用。

我国非常重视NQI的研究与应用。2014年1月，中国工程院启动了工业强基战略研究项目，该项

目将“质量技术基础战略研究”列为项目专项课题，标志着我国NQI的整体研究工作正式启动；2014年

4月，国家质检总局设立国家质量基础设施课题研究小组，首次对计量、标准、检验检测、认证认可的集

成建设进行系统性研究；2016年，我国首次设立国家重点研发计划《国家质量基础的共性技术研究与

应用》重点专项，国拨经费17.83亿元；2017年9月5日，中共中央、国务院在印发的《关于开展质量提

升行动的指导意见》中，首次将NQI建设作为该指导意见中的主要目标和总体任务；2020年11月13日，

国家市场监督管理总局印发《关于大力开展质量基础设施“一站式”服务的意见》，指出要“加强质量基

础建设、为企业、产业、区域提供全链条、全方位、全过程质量基础设施综合服务”；2021年，《中华人民

共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出“完善国家质量基础设

施”，《国家标准化发展纲要》提出“促进标准与国家质量基础设施融合发展”，国家重点研发计划《国家

质量基础设施体系》重点专项启动；2023年2月6日，中共中央、国务院颁布《质量强国建设纲要》，提

出构建高水平质量基础设施体系。

在国内外NQI研究与应用发展迅速、实践应用大规模展开的特殊条件下，NQI的人才培养尤显重

要。本文件致力于贯彻落实《质量强国建设纲要》，规范NQI及应用教育内容和方式，提升学习者的

NQI意识和实践技能，提高人才培养的质量和效率，助力经济高质量发展。

本文件旨在为普通高等教育的NQI及应用课程提供具体的建设指导，明确课程的定位与教学目

标，也可为职业教育和继续教育等相关课程建设提供参考。

Ⅳ

GB/Z45492—2025

标准化教育课程建设指南

国家质量基础设施（NQI）及应用

1范围

本文件提供了“国家质量基础设施（NQI）及应用”课程的总体原则、课程设计、课程制作、课程实施

和课程评价与改进的指导，并给出了相关的案例。

本文件适用于普通高等教育的NQI及应用课程的开发与实施，职业教育和继续教育等相关课程

参考使用。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T19000—2016质量管理体系基础和术语

GB/T20000.1—2014标准化工作指南第1部分：标准化和相关活动的通用术语

GB/T27000—2023合格评定词汇和通用原则

GB/T36642信息技术学习、教育和培训在线课程

GB/T42411.1信息技术学习、教育和培训在线课程体系第1部分：框架与基本要求

GB/Z43946—2024标准化教育课程建设指南标准化基础知识

JJF1001—2011通用计量术语及定义

3术语和定义、符号和缩略语

3.1术语和定义

GB/T19000—2016、JJF1001—2011、GB/T27000—2023、GB/T20000.1—2014以及GB/Z43946—

2024界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1.1

国家质量基础设施nationalqualityinfrastructure；NQI

建立和实施法律法规体系、管理体系和技术体系；支撑及提升产品和服务质量，保障安全、贸易和

可持续发展；主要依赖于计量、标准、检验检测、认证认可等要素和市场监督活动的质量系统。

注：ISO等NQI研究组织认为，质量基础设施是公共与私营组织支持与提升产品、服务和过程的质量、安全和环境

稳健性所需，是由政策、相关法律法规和实践构成的体系，主要依赖于计量、标准、认可、合格评定和市场监督等

要素。

3.1.2

质量quality

客体的一组固有特性满足要求的程度。

注1：一个关注质量的组织倡导一种通过满足顾客和其他有关相关方的需求和期望来实现其价值的文化，这种文化

将反映在其行为、态度、活动和过程中。组织的产品和服务质量取决于满足顾客的能力，以及对有关相关方的

有意和无意的影响。产品和服务的质量不仅包括其预期的功能和性能，而且还涉及顾客对其价值和受益的感知。

1