GB/T 11615-2026 地热资源地质勘查规范

ICS73.020

CCSD10

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T11615—2026

代替GB/T11615—2010

地热资源地质勘查规范

Geologicexplorationstandardofgeothermalresources

2026⁃04⁃30发布2026⁃11⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T11615—2026

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4目的与基本要求········································································································4

4.1目的·················································································································4

4.2基本要求···········································································································4

5勘查工作内容···········································································································5

5.1地热资源温度分级与热储类型················································································5

5.2研究内容···········································································································6

5.3勘查各阶段工作内容····························································································6

5.4不同类型热储勘查重点·························································································8

6勘查工作控制程度要求·······························································································8

6.1地质调查···········································································································8

6.2地球物理勘查·····································································································8

6.3地球化学勘查·····································································································9

6.4地热钻探···········································································································9

6.5地热回灌···········································································································9

7勘查工作质量要求···································································································10

7.1遥感解译··········································································································10

7.2地质调查··········································································································10

7.3地球物理勘查····································································································10

7.4地球化学勘查····································································································11

7.5地热钻探··········································································································11

7.6勘探孔洗井与产能测试························································································12

7.7地热流体与岩土试验分析·····················································································14

7.8地热资源动态监测······························································································14

8绿色勘查与安全勘查································································································15

8.1绿色勘查··········································································································15

8.2安全勘查··········································································································16

9地热资源储量估算与评价··························································································17

9.1估算通用要求····································································································17

9.2估算参数要求····································································································17

9.3估算方法要求····································································································17

Ⅰ

GB/T11615—2026

9.4可开采量分级条件······························································································18

9.5地热资源可开采量评价························································································19

10地热流体质量评价··································································································21

10.1一般要求········································································································21

10.2地热流体不同用途评价······················································································21

10.3地热流体中有用矿物组分评价·············································································21

10.4地热流体腐蚀性评价·························································································22

10.5地热流体结垢评价····························································································22

11地热资源开发评价··································································································23

11.1地热资源开发利用评价······················································································23

11.2地热资源开发利用环境影响评价··········································································24

12资料整理与报告编写要求·························································································24

12.1资料整理要求··································································································24

12.2报告编写要求··································································································24

附录A（规范性）地热资源地质勘查用表·········································································26

附录B（资料性）地球化学温标·····················································································27

B.1地球化学温标概述·····························································································27

B.2二氧化硅地热温标·····························································································27

B.3钾镁地热温标···································································································28

B.4钾钠地热温标···································································································28

附录C（资料性）地热流体分析样品的采集与保存方法·······················································29

C.1采集点的选定及野外测试····················································································29

C.2不同分析项目的采样··························································································29

C.3采样容器洗涤要求·····························································································32

C.4添加药品的准备································································································32

附录D（资料性）地热资源储量估算方法·········································································33

D.1计算参数的确定································································································33

D.2计算方法·········································································································40

附录E（资料性）地热常用量代号和单位名称···································································45

附录F（资料性）水疗热矿水水质标准············································································47

附录G（资料性）地热水利用的节煤减排量及居室采暖面积估算表········································48

附录H（资料性）地热资源勘查报告编写提纲及附图附表····················································50

H.1概述···············································································································50

H.2报告编写提纲···································································································50

H.3报告主要附图···································································································50

H.4报告主要附表···································································································51

参考文献····················································································································52

Ⅱ

GB/T11615—2026

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T11615—2010《地热资源地质勘查规范》，与GB/T11615—2010相比，除结构调

整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

——更改了地热资源等术语和定义（见3.1、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.7、3.8、3.9、3.10、3.11、3.12、3.13、3.14、

3.15、3.17、3.18、3.19、3.20、3.21、3.22、3.24、3.28、3.29、3.30、3.32，2010年版的3.2、3.3、3.4、

3.13、3.6、3.8、3.7、3.9、3.9.1、3.9.2、3.10、3.11、3.15、3.12、3.17、3.18、3.19、3.20、3.21、3.25、

3.30、3.31、3.32、3.34），增加了“水热型地热资源”“地热资源动态监测”的术语和定义（见3.2

和3.33），删除了“地热”“干度”等术语和定义（见2010年版的3.1、3.16、3.22、3.24、3.26）；

——更改了地热资源勘查阶段名称（见4.2.1，2010年版的4.4），更改了勘查各阶段工作内容（见

5.3，2010年版的5.2）；

——更改了地热资源储量分类（见4.2.2，2010年版的4.8）；

——更改了地热回灌、地热回灌试验、地热资源动态监测等相关内容与要求（见6.5、7.6.5、7.8，

2010年版的6.2.5、7.6.5、7.8）；

增加了产能测试观测时间要求（见7.6.2）；

——

——增加了绿色勘查和安全勘查相关内容与要求（见第8章）；

——增加了地热流体可开采量计算和确定条件（见9.1.6）；

——增加了大规模回灌条件下地热资源评价的数值法要求（见9.3.3）；

——更改了地热资源可开采量评价相关内容（见9.5，2010年版的8.4）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国自然资源部提出。

本文件由全国自然资源与国土空间规划标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC93）归口。

本文件起草单位：北京市工程地质研究所、自然资源部矿产资源储量评审中心、山东省地质矿产勘

查开发局、天津地热勘查开发设计院、中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所、中国矿业权评估师协

会、中国自然经济研究院、自然资源部浅层地热能重点实验室、北京理工大学、西安科技大学。

本文件主要起草人：杨亚军、鞠建华、李海京、赵苏民、徐巍、万会、康凤新、卫万顺、王贵玲、王雨石、

冯丹、王婉琼、郑克棪、欧阳鑫、胥博文、张明燕、乔春磊、董大啸、高一鸣、康博文、王立志、杨雪松、郑小燕、

田小甫、刘思源、王秀丽、秦俊生、王成、毕银丽。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——1989年首次发布为GB/T11615—1989，2010年第一次修订；

——本次为第二次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T11615—2026

地热资源地质勘查规范

1范围

本文件规定了地热资源地质勘查的目的与基本要求、勘查工作内容、勘查工作控制程度要求、勘查

工作质量要求、绿色勘查与安全勘查、地热资源储量估算与评价、地热流体质量评价、地热资源开发评

价和资料整理与报告编写要求。

本文件适用于水热型地热资源地质勘查工作部署、实施、验收及资源评价。

本文件不适用于干热岩型、通过热泵技术开采利用的浅层地热能勘查。

注：如无特别说明，本文件中地热资源专指水热型地热资源。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB3096声环境质量标准

GB5084农田灌溉水质标准

GB5749生活饮用水卫生标准

GB8537食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水

GB8978污水综合排放标准

GB11607渔业水质标准

DZ/T0260地热钻探技术规程

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

地热资源geothermalresources

能够经济地被人类所利用的地球内部的地热能、地热流体及其有用组分。

注：目前可利用的地热资源包括水热型地热资源、浅层地热能和干热岩体中的地热资源。

3.2

水热型地热资源geothermalresourcesofhydrothermaltype

赋存于天然地下水及其蒸汽中的地热资源（3.1）。

[来源：DZ/T0331—2020，3.4]

3.3

地热资源勘查geothermalresourcesexploration

采用遥感解译、地质调查、地球物理、地球化学、钻探、试验测试、动态监测、资源估算等方法、手段，

查明地热资源赋存规律、地热资源储量、富集特征和开发条件的地热地质工作。

3.4

地热资源评价geothermalresourcesassessment

在地热资源勘查过程中，综合分析地热资源勘查成果，通过对采灌量的调查和动态观测数据的分

1

GB/T11615—2026

析，运用合理方法计算地热资源储量与可开采量，进行地热流体质量（3.16）及地热资源开发的评价。

3.5

地热资源储量geothermalresourcesreserves

在当前技术、经济可行的勘查深度内，经过勘查工作，查明的储存于热储岩石的热量及岩石空隙中

所赋存的地热流体量和热量。

3.6

地热资源可开采量geothermalresourcesexploitablereserves

当前经济技术和环境约束条件下，一定时间内可以开采出来的地热资源储量（3.5）。

3.7

地热异常区geothermalanomalousarea

地表放热量相对高于周边地区或大地热流值高于大陆地壳热流平均值的地区。

注：在实际工作中，通常指具有某种地表热显示或一定深度内赋存有开发利用前景的热储分布地区。

3.8

地热田geothermalfield

经地质勘查证实可供经济规模化开发利用的地热资源相对富集区。

3.9

地热系统geothermalsystem

构成相对独立的热能储存、运移、转换的系统。

注：按地质环境和能量传递方式可划分为对流型地热系统、传导型地热系统和传导-对流复合型地热系统。

3.10

热储geothermalreservoir

埋藏于地下、具有有效空隙和渗透性、储存的地热流体可供开发利用的地层、岩体或构造带。

3.11

层状热储stratifiedgeothermalreservoir

以传导热为主、分布面积大并具有有效空隙和渗透性的地层构成的热储。

3.12

带状热储zonedgeothermalreservoir

以对流传热为主、平面上呈条带状延伸、具有有效空隙和渗透性的断裂带构成的热储。

3.13

盖层caprock

覆盖在热储之上的不透水或弱透水岩层的总称。

注：在层状热储中，通常将覆盖在主要热储或开发利用热储之上的地层通称之为主要热储的盖层。

3.14

热源heatsource

供给热储中岩石和地热流体热的来源。

注：包括地壳及地幔上部岩石中放射性元素衰变产生的热量和现代岩浆活动形成的岩浆房的热量。

3.15

地热流体geothermalfluid

包括地热水和地热蒸汽以及少量的非凝性气体。

注：不包括天然的碳氢化合物可燃气体。

3.16

地热流体质量qualityofgeothermalfluid

地热流体的物理性质、化学组分、微生物指标及其能量品位。

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3.17

地热增温率geothermalgradient

地温梯度

地球不受大气温度影响的地层温度随深度增加的增长率。

注：通常用恒温带以下每深入地下100m所增加的地温值来表示，单位为摄氏度每百米（℃/100m）。

3.18

产能测试yieldtest

地热勘查孔产出（回灌）地热流体能力的试验。

注：需测定井产量（回灌量）、静压力、动压力、压力降、流体温度和流体质量等。

3.19

有效空隙率effectiveporosity

地热流体贮存空间（连通性孔隙、裂隙、溶隙）体积占热储总体积的比率。

注：空隙是松散岩石的孔隙、基岩的裂隙和岩溶的溶隙的总称。

3.20

渗透性permeability

地质体可以让流体渗透、透过的能力。

注：一般以渗透率，即压力梯度为1时，动力黏滞系数为1的液体在介质中的渗透速度来表示其能力的大小。

3.21

热导率heatconductivity

物质传递分子运动热能的能力。

注：沿热传导方向单位厚度物质当两壁温差为1℃时，单位时间内所通过的热量，单位为瓦每米开尔文[W/（m·K）]。

3.22

比热容specificheatcapacity

比热

单位质量的物质当温度升高1℃时所吸收的热量或降低1℃时所释放出的热量。

注：单位为焦耳每千克开尔文[J/（kg·K）]。

3.23

弹性释水系数elasticityreleasablefactor

因地热流体开采造成热储压力下降，使受容积压缩系数控制的那部分地热流体逐渐得以膨胀释放

的能力。

3.24

井产能wellproduction

地热井单位时间内地热流体的产出量。

注：单位为立方米每天（m3/d）或升每秒（L/s）或立方米每小时（m3/h）。

3.25

静压力staticpressure

地热井在非产能测试条件下的闭井流体压力。

3.26

动压力dynamicpressure

地热井在产能测试时带有压力下降的流体压力。

3.27

压力降pressuredrawdown

地热井在产能测试条件下静压力（3.25）与动压力（3.26）之差。

注：相当于抽水试验的降深。

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3.28

单位产能specificcapacity

每米压力降（3.27）的热流体产能。

注：单位为立方米每天米[m3/（d·m）]或升每秒米[L/（s·m）]。

3.29

地热回灌geothermalreinjection

将利用后的地热流体原水或其他清洁水源通过地热井注回热储、保持热储压力稳定的措施。

3.30

热储工程reservoirengineering

涉及热储性质的工程数据和为取得这些数据需进行的测试和研究。

注：包括地热井产能测试、动态拟合、热储模型和回灌等。

3.31

概念模型conceptualmodel

对地热系统包括热储、盖层、热源和热传递、流体运动等要素的几何及物理形态的简化描述。

3.32

热储模型reservoirmodel

在建立地热系统概念模型的基础上，用类比、统计、解析、数值法等建立的用于模拟热储形态、参数

变化及边界条件等的计算模型。

3.33

地热资源动态监测geothermalresourcesdynamicmonitoring

对地热资源的开采量、回灌量、流体压力（水位）、流体温度、化学组分（水质）以及热储温度等进行

的长期观测。

4目的与基本要求

4.1目的

地热资源地质勘查的目的主要包括：

a）在查明地热地质背景的前提下，确定地热资源可开发利用的地区及合理的开发利用深度；

b）查明热储的岩性、空间分布、有效空隙率、渗透性、产能及其与断裂构造的关联程度；

c）查明热储盖层岩性、厚度变化、对热储的封闭情况及其地热增温率；

d）查明地热流体的温度、赋存状态、物理性质与化学组分，并对其利用方向作出评价；

e）查明地热流体动力场特征、补径排条件，计算评价地热资源储量，提出地热资源可持续开发利

用的建议；

f）开展地热水的回灌研究及动态监测等内容；

g）为开发与保护地热资源提供资源储量、可开采量等数据及其所需的地质资料，以减少开发

风险。

4.2基本要求

4.2.1地热资源勘查工作遵循循序渐进的原则分阶段实施，按照工作程度由低到高分为普查、详查、勘探

3个阶段；已规模化开采的地热田或地区应结合开采中出现的问题和资源管理的需要开展开采评价工作。

4.2.2地热资源评价工作应估算地热资源储量和可开采量，地热资源储量不分级，地热资源可开采量

对应地热勘查阶段（普查、详查、勘探）由低到高分为推断的（D级）、控制的（C级）、探明的（B级）3个精

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度，开采评价阶段对应验证精度（A级）的可开采量。地热资源储量分类及可开采量精度分级应符合

附录A中表A.1。

4.2.3勘查工作开始前应充分搜集分析地质、地热、钻探、地球物理及地球化学等资料并编制勘查实施

方案。

4.2.4应在地质调查、地球物理及地球化学勘查的基础上布设勘查孔，勘查孔宜按照“探采结合”的原

则设计。按照设计技术要求进行钻井施工，取全取准各项钻井地质及地热参数资料，做好地质编录；有

条件成井的，应按地热生产井钻井技术要求成井。

4.2.5边采边探已形成一定开采规模的地热开采区，应及时总结分析勘查资料，对地热资源储量进行

计算评价，提出相应的地热资源勘查评价报告，为科学制定地热资源开发利用规划或方案提供依据。

4.2.6对已投入规模化开采的地热集中开采区，应每5年依据动态监测资料对其可开采量进行核实评

价，为资源管理保护、确保资源可持续利用提供依据。

4.2.7不同勘查阶段工作的成果，应满足相应设计阶段的要求。地热资源较大规模开发利用的依据应

为勘探阶段提交的探明精度（B级）及以上级别的可开采量；地热地质条件简单的中、小型地热田或单

个地热井勘查，可根据实际情况简化或合并勘查阶段，开发利用的依据应为控制精度（C级）及以上级

别的可开采量。

5勘查工作内容

5.1地热资源温度分级与热储类型

5.1.1地热资源温度分为高温、中温、低温三级（见表1）。

表1地热资源温度分级及主要用途

温度分级温度（t)/℃主要用途

高温地热资源t≥150发电、烘干、采暖

中温地热资源90≤t<150烘干、发电、采暖

热水60≤t<90采暖、水疗、洗浴、温室

低温地热资源温热水40≤t<60水疗、洗浴、采暖、温室、养殖

温水25≤t<40洗浴、温室、养殖、农灌

注：表中温度是指地热流体井口温度。

5.1.2按温度、热储形态、规模和构造的复杂程度，将热储类型划分为两类六型（见表2）。

表2热储类型

类型主要特征

Ⅰ⁃1

高温热储呈层状，岩性和厚度变化不大或呈规则变化，地质构造条件比较简单

热储Ⅰ⁃2热储呈带状，受构造断裂及岩浆活动的控制，地质构造条件比较复杂

Ⅰ

（）Ⅰ⁃3地热田兼有层状热储和带状热储特征，彼此存在成因关系，地质构造条件复杂

Ⅱ⁃1

中低温热储呈层状，分布面广，岩性、厚度稳定或呈规则变化，构造条件比较简单

热储Ⅱ⁃2热储呈带状，受构造断裂控制，地热田规模较小，地面多有温、热泉出露

Ⅱ

（）Ⅱ⁃3地热田兼有层状热储和带状热储特征，彼此存在成因关系，地质构造条件比较复杂

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5.2研究内容

5.2.1地质研究

研究地热田的地层、构造、岩浆（火山）活动及地热显示等，确定热储、盖层、控热构造、热储类

型、地热水源等。

对地热田周边及相关地区，开展针对性的地质调查和地球物理、地球化学勘查，研究地热田形

成的地质背景及地热流体的动力场、温度场和循环途径。

系统调查地表热显示及井（孔）温度，确定地热异常区范围，分析研究地热异常区成因和条件。

查明地热田的范围、热储、盖层、地热流体通道、地温场及地热田的边界条件，确定地热田的地

热地质模型。

研究地热资源形成的地质环境条件，以及开发地热资源对地质环境可能造成的影响。

5.2.2地温场研究

查明勘查区不同区域、不同深度的地温变化，确定恒温带深度、热储、盖层的地热增温率和热

储的温度，研究勘查范围内的地温场特征，圈定地热田范围。

利用地热增温率或地球化学温标估算热储温度（见附录B），并对地热田成因、控热构造和热源

作出分析、推断。

5.2.3热储研究

查明各热储的岩性、厚度、埋深、分布、相互关系及其边界条件，测定各热储的空隙率、有效空隙率、

弹性释水系数、渗透系数、压力传导系数、压力水头高度等参数，研究主要热储或近期具有开发利用价

值热储的渗透性。

5.2.4地热流体研究

查明地热流体的温度、相态、排放时的汽、水比例（蒸汽干度）、非凝气体成分，为地热资源的开

发利用与环境影响评价提供依据。

测定地热流体的物理性质与化学组分、微生物含量、同位素组成、有用组分及有害成分，评价地

热流体的可能利用方向，为设计选材提供依据。

测量各地热井（孔）地热流体的压力、产量特征，研究地热流体与大气降水、常温地下水和不同

热储间地热流体的相互关系，分析地热流体的来源、储集、运移、排泄条件。

研究地热流体的温度、压力、产量及化学组分的动态变化。

5.3勘查各阶段工作内容

5.3.1普查

在有地热显示或拟开发地热的地区开展普查工作：

a）分析研究区域已有的地质、遥感解译、地球物理、地球化学、放射性调查以及其他相关地热资

料的基础上确定普查区；

b）初步查明调查区的地层、构造、岩浆（火山）活动情况，重点对地热天然露头（泉）和地热井等地

热显示开展野外调查与测试，推断地热异常区的热储、盖层、导水和控热构造、热源及水源，初

步圈定地热异常的范围，提出热储概念模型；

c）在有地热显示地区测定地热流体的天然排放量及其化学组分，估算地热异常区的热储温度和

地热资源储量；

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