GB/T 26148-2025 高压水射流清洗作业安全规范

ICS23.100

CCSJ70

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T26148—2025

代替GB/T26148—2010

高压水射流清洗作业安全规范

Safetyspecificationfortheuseofmanuallyoperatedhighpressurewaterjet

equipment

2025⁃05⁃30发布2025⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T26148—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4清洗作业队的组成和要求····························································································4

4.1清洗作业队的组成·······························································································4

4.2清洗作业队的要求·······························································································4

4.3清洗作业队的培训·······························································································6

4.4清洗作业队的防护·······························································································8

4.5清洗作业时的突发事故的处理················································································8

5作业前的准备···········································································································9

5.1制定计划···········································································································9

5.2作业场地··········································································································10

5.3电气设备··········································································································11

5.4阀的控制··········································································································12

5.5装置配管··········································································································12

5.6工作面·············································································································12

5.7进入作业现场····································································································13

5.8安全卸压装置····································································································13

5.9接头防护··········································································································13

5.10移动设备的禁用·······························································································13

5.11高压泵机组安放·······························································································13

5.12轮挡··············································································································13

5.13内务管理········································································································13

5.14环境保护········································································································13

6作业规程···············································································································14

6.1正常作业··········································································································14

6.2错误使用··········································································································15

6.3附加保护··········································································································15

6.4升压检查··········································································································15

6.5添加剂·············································································································15

6.6值班················································································································15

6.7视线················································································································16

Ⅰ

GB/T26148—2025

6.8喷枪作业··········································································································16

6.9柔性喷杆枪作业·································································································17

6.10刚性喷杆枪作业·······························································································18

6.11容器内壁清洗··································································································19

6.12清洗作业后的检查内容······················································································19

7设备维护···············································································································19

7.1设备的维护·······································································································19

7.2维护规程··········································································································20

7.3动力设备··········································································································20

7.4泵···················································································································20

7.5进水端·············································································································20

7.6软管总成··········································································································20

7.7喷头················································································································20

7.8阀···················································································································20

7.9电气设备··········································································································20

7.10拖车··············································································································21

7.11专用工具········································································································21

7.12防冻措施········································································································21

附录A（资料性）高压软管压力等级区分的颜色标识···························································22

附录B（资料性）高压水射流清洗作业用安全防护用品························································23

B.1头部防护·········································································································23

B.2眼部防护·········································································································23

B.3听力保护·········································································································23

B.4身体防护·········································································································24

B.5手防护············································································································24

B.6脚防护············································································································24

B.7呼吸保护·········································································································25

附录C（资料性）水射流受伤送医的提示卡内容·································································26

附录D（资料性）高压水射流清洗作业前安全检查清单························································27

Ⅱ

GB/T26148—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T26148—2010《高压水射流清洗作业安全规范》，与GB/T26148—2010相比，除

结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了标准适用范围（见第1章，2016年版的第1章）；

b）删除了“水射流”“低压水射流”“高压水射流”“超高压水射流”“磨料射流”“喷头”“自转喷头”

“强制旋转喷头”“二维旋转喷头”“三维旋转喷头”“平面清洗器”“自进喷头”“调压阀”“脚踏控

制阀”“多联阀”，增加“软管安全护套”和“防脱装置”的术语和定义（见第3章，2020年版

第3章）；

c）更改了对软管的具体要求（见4.3.9，2016年版的4.2.8）；

d）增加了“熟练度”（见4.3.14）；

e）增加了“腐蚀性等有害物质的清洗作业”（见5.1.2）；

f）增加了“确定作业工况”（见5.1.3）；

g）增加了“上锁/挂牌”（见5.1.5）；

h）增加了“气体、蒸汽和生物制剂释放的作业”（见5.1.6）；

i）增加了“软管状况”（见5.5.4）；

j）增加了“柔性扣”（见5.5.5）；

k）增加了“工作面”（见5.6）；

l）增加了“安全卸压装置”（见5.8）；

m）增加了“移动设备的禁用”（见5.10）；

n）增加了“高压泵机组的安放”（见5.11）；

o）增加了“轮挡”（见5.12）；

p）增加了“内务管理”（见5.13）；

q）增加了“环境保护”（见5.14）；

r）增加了“平衡型喷枪”（见6.1.10）；

s）增加了“附加防护”（见6.3）；

t）增加了“添加剂”（见6.5）；

u）增加了“视线”（见6.7）；

v）增加了“预冲洗”（见6.9.4）；

w）增加了“防脱装置”（见6.9.6）；

x）增加了“U型管式换热器的清洗”（见6.9.10）；

y）增加了“喷杆长度”（见6.10.2）；

z）增加了“容器内壁清洗”（见6.11）；

aa）增加了“电气设备”（见7.9）。

请注意本文件某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国喷射设备标准化技术委员会（SCA/TC493）归口。

本文件起草单位：合肥通用机械研究院有限公司、舟山中远海运重工有限公司、天津市通洁高压泵

Ⅲ

GB/T26148—2025

制造有限公司、河南丰达智能装备有限公司、江苏水能金属科技有限公司、无锡高压清洗设备有限公司、

天津市精诚高压泵制造有限责任公司、南通中远海运船务工程有限公司、广州富森环保科技股份有限

公司、普沃（天津）科技有限公司、众能工业技术（天津）有限公司、福禄流体科技（天津）有限公司、为加

智能装备（重庆）有限责任公司、浙江金顺智能设备有限公司、浙江泰福泵业股份有限公司、庐江县新宏

高压往复泵阀厂、通用机械关键核心基础件创新中心（安徽）有限公司、江苏博际喷雾系统股份有限公

司、国机通用机械科技股份有限公司、重庆大学、武汉大学、浙大城市学院、南通大学。

本文件主要起草人：巴胜富、薛胜雄、周建华、齐彬、赵满丰、苏宇、靳少林、易李力、周巍、王振刚、

蓝卫红、李金、田成龙、李雪梅、朱雨雷、翁海龙、刘俊、胡建林、张俊杰、左胜红、陈正文、管乐、管鹏、汤积仁、

李江云、程晓民、曹宇鹏、韩彩红、韦志超。

本文件于2010年首次发布，2016年第一次修订，本次为第二次修订。

Ⅳ

GB/T26148—2025

高压水射流清洗作业安全规范

1范围

本文件规定了高压水射流清洗作业的作业队的组成和要求、作业前的准备、作业规程和设备维护。

本文件适用于压力不小于10MPa的高压水射流清洗作业，水射流移动切割和破碎等作业参照

执行。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB14866眼面防护具通用技术规范

GB/T41513喷射设备分类及名词术语

AQ3018危险化学品储罐区作业安全通则

AQ3026化学品生产单位设备检修作业安全规范

HG30010生产区域动火作业安全规范

HG30011生产区域受限空间作业安全规范

HG30013生产区域高处作业安全规范

3术语和定义

GB/T41513界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

高压泵highpressurepump

工作压力在10MPa~100MPa，用于增加水压，并将高压水输送到喷嘴的压力源设备。

注：高压泵常采用正排量柱塞泵型式以保证在给定泵速下流量的恒定。

3.2

喷枪spraygun

控制高压水经喷嘴形成水射流的手持式清洗工具。

注1：由控制阀、喷杆和喷嘴总成（包括一个或多个喷嘴）组成，喷枪锁定机构如图1所示。

注2：喷枪通常通过高压软管总成与高压泵排出端的调压阀连接。

注3：喷枪可以按控制阀型式进行分类：如果阀关闭时，系统降至常压，高压水排放到大气，则为卸荷型喷枪；如果阀

关闭时，高压水仍保留在系统中，则为截流型喷枪。

[来源：GB/T41513—2022，4.3.6，有修改]

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