DB5117/T 73-2023 达州脱毒马铃薯种薯繁育技术规程

ICS03.080.01

CCSA16

DB5117

四川省（达州市）地方标准

DB5117/T73-2023

达州脱毒马铃薯种薯繁育技术规程

Technicalregulationofvirusfreeseedpotatopropagationin

Dazhou

2023-04-25发布2023-05-01实施

达州市市场监督管理局发布

DB5117/T73-2023

目次

目次·····························································································································································Ⅰ

前言·····························································································································································Ⅱ

1范围·························································································································································1

2规范性引用文件·····································································································································1

3术语与定义·············································································································································1

4技术要求·················································································································································1

5病虫害防治·············································································································································4

附录A（规范性）MS培养基配方·········································································································5

附录B（规范性）雾培营养液配方·······································································································6

附录C（资料性）达州地区常见马铃薯病虫害防治···········································································7

附录C（资料性）续达州地区常见马铃薯病虫害防治·······································································8

参考文献·····················································································································································9

I

DB5117/T73-2023

前  言

本文件按照GB/T1.1-2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定

起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由达州市农业科学研究院提出。

本文件由达州市农业农村局归口。

本文件起草单位：达州市农业科学研究院。

本文件主要起草人：高龙梅、吴明阳、李益、杨小丽、张玲、贾荟芹、刘小英、李薇、高川、范香

全、赵思毅、周娜交。

II

DB5117/T73-2023

达州脱毒马铃薯种薯繁育技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了达州脱毒马铃薯种薯繁育技术要求。

本文件适用于达州市行政区域内脱毒马铃薯种薯繁育。

2规范性引用文件

本文件没有规范性引用文件。

3术语与定义

本文件没有需要界定的术语和定义。

4技术要求

4.1组培苗繁育

4.1.1实验室要求

脱毒马铃薯组培实验室包括：药品室、洗涤室、准备室、接种室、培养室。配备完善的水、电供应

系统和空气、灯光、温度、湿度调节系统。

4.1.2培养基的配制

4.1.2.1母液配制

将培养基所需的大量元素、铁盐、有机成分配制成100倍使用浓度的母液，微量元素配制成1000

倍使用浓度的母液。母液配制应符合附录A的规定。

4.1.2.2MS培养基配制

在水中加入琼脂熬至清澈后，按比例添加附录A中的四种母液，再加入白砂糖或蔗糖，糖浓度为

20g/L～30g/L，琼脂粉浓度为5g/L～7g/L。

4.1.2.3培养基配方

脱毒配方：MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+GA30.1mg/L

快繁配方：MS

4.1.2.4培养基pH调节

用稀盐酸或氢氧化钾溶液调节培养基pH值到5.70～5.75。

4.1.2.5培养基分装和灭菌

配制好的培养基趁热分装，培养基厚度1.5cm～2.5cm。分装后立即加盖或用封口膜封严。分装后24h

内进行高压灭菌处理，在0.8kPa～1.1kPa、121℃状态下保持25min。

1

DB5117/T73-2023

4.1.3培养室消毒

将培养室清扫干净，关闭门窗，用有效含氯量为2000mg/L稀释液喷洒培养室，24h后用清水拖地，

擦拭干净组培架。后期消毒可以用有效含氯量为500mg/L～1000mg/L的稀释液作为消毒剂，每隔15～20d

消毒一次。紫外灯消毒每周2次，一次15min。

4.1.4外植体选取及消毒

在田间选择具有本品种特征特性，且生长健壮，无明显病害、虫害的优良植株，剪取顶芽芽段3cm～

4cm放入纱布袋内，流水冲洗2h，置于超净工作台上进行消毒。消毒时先在75%酒精中浸泡15s，无菌

水冲洗2～3次，再用75%酒精浸泡15s，无菌水冲洗2～3次，最后用0.1%升汞溶液浸泡8min，无菌水冲

洗3～5次。

4.1.5茎尖剥离

在40倍解剖镜下，用手术刀、接种镊、解剖针等工具剥取长0.1mm～0.3mm带1～2个叶原基的茎尖

顶端生长锥，接入装有脱毒培养基的试管或培养瓶内。注明品种、编号、日期、接种人，放回培养架。

4.1.6茎尖培养

已接种试管或培养瓶置于温度24℃～26℃,相对湿度70%,光照强度1000lux～2000lux,光照时长16h/d

的室内环境下培养。约80d后，待长成高约3cm的小植株后，转移到快繁培养基上培养。

4.1.7病毒检测

待快繁组培苗长出5～8片小叶后，转接扩繁一次，再进行病毒检测。

4.1.8脱毒苗继代扩繁

将已脱毒组培苗剪成1cm左右的单茎节段接种于快繁培养基上，待茎段长成高10cm左右小苗（培养

15～20d），再进行切段转接，反复继代扩繁，直至满足生产需求。

4.2脱毒种薯繁育

4.2.1原原种繁育

原原种繁育可采用基质法或雾培法，且必须在温室或网室内进行。

4.2.1.1基质法

4.2.1.1.1苗床建设

采用移动或固定苗床，上面铺设基质，可采用蛭石与珍珠岩1:1混合或椰糠作为基质，厚度10cm～

20cm。

4.2.1.1.2炼苗

扩繁脱毒苗长到株高10cm左右移出组培室，在自然光下炼苗3～5d，栽前1d揭盖（膜）。

4.2.1.1.3移栽定植

2

DB5117/T73-2023

将脱毒组培苗取出洗净残留培养基，用100ppm萘乙酸浸泡15min，按10cmx10cm的密度定植

于基质中，标注品种名称。

4.2.1.1.4温湿度管理

相对湿度保持在90%左右，基质持水量达到饱和，茎叶生长前期温度在19℃～22℃，生长后

期温度控制在19℃～25℃。

4.2.1.1.5光照管理

夏季阳光强烈时采用遮阳网遮阴，冬季增加小拱棚保温。

4.2.1.1.6水肥管理

植株长势差，叶面喷施0.2%～0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液，长势过旺可以喷施矮壮素。

4.2.1.1.7采收储藏

茎叶变黄收获原原种,收获后遮光通风预贮,待除去多余水分后放入冷藏库,库房温度2℃～4℃，

注意通风，期间谨防品种混杂。

4.2.1.2雾培法

4.2.1.2.1雾培箱制作

采用防水支架，四周用不透光材料合围，形成高度大于1m的长方体，上部放置定植板，然后

在定植板上按5cm～10cmx10cm钻孔。箱体底部放置管道，并安装好喷头，确保所有植株的根部

均能被喷到。

4.2.1.2.2喷雾系统

由水池、水泵、上水管道、回水管道、控制系统组成。

4.2.1.2.3组培苗定植

定植前如4.2.1.1.2炼苗，将脱毒组培