GB 20007-2005 木工机床安全 单轴铣床

ICS79.120.10

765

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB20007-2005

木工机床安全单轴铣床

Safetyofwoodworkingmachines-Singlespindlemouldingmachines

2005-12-01发布2006-07-01实施

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布

中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB20007-2005

目次

前言皿

1范围1

2规范性引用文件1

术语和定义2

危险一览表6

5安全要求和/或措施·8

5.1控制和指令装置·9

控制系统的安全性和可靠性9

5.1.2操纵器的位置……9

5.1.3起动·…·…0l

S.1.4正常停止0l

5.1.5紧急停止01

5.1.6模式选择n

5.1.7转速改变n

5.1.8动力源故障…11

5.1.9控制电路故障n

5.2机械危险的防护n

5_2稳定险n

5.2.2运转中的断裂危险二n

5.2.3刀具和刀夹的结构二n

5.2.4制动·········.·...……41

5.2.5将抛射的可能性和影响降低到最小的装置······……51

5.2.6工件的支承与导向装置····，·························……51

5.2.7进人运动零部件的防护·····························……71

5.2.8夹紧装置，···········……“““““’‘02

5.2.9带防护功能的工作装置02

非机械危险的防护二21

53火和爆炸····……21

5.3.2噪声···········，···……，21

5.3.3木屑、粉尘和有害气体的排放21

5.3.4电气设备·················……“““’‘21

5.3.5人类工效学和安全搬运的要求21

5.3.6照明················.·...……22

5.3.7气动装置·……22

5.3.8液压装置·……22

5.3.9热危险二，.，，..…，22

5.3.10危险材料22

5.3.11振动·…咒

GB20007-2005

5.3.12辐射·······················································································，，·············……22

5.3.13激光··············································，····················································，··……22

5.3.14静电············································，························································……22

5.3.15装配误差·······································，··········································，·······……22

5.3.16能量输送的切断·······················································································……22

5.3.17维修···········，··································，·······················································……22

6使用信息·············································，·，·········································，··········，····……22

6.1警告装置·····························································，········································……22

6.2标志············································································································……22

6.3使用说明书·····································，·····················································，······……，23

附录A(规范性附录)最大主轴转速的确定·······························································……25

附录B(规范性附录)压紧装置、手防护装置和曲线加工导向板的刚度检验·····················……28

B.1导向板压紧器······························，，····················································，，·······……28

B.1.1工作台压紧器···，，，····················································································……28

B.1.2测量装置·······························，············································，··············……，·…29

B.1.3检验和检验要求·····················，，············································，···················……29

B.1.4测量条件····························································，··········，························……29

B.2可调式防护装置(手的防护装置)和曲线加工导向板·············································……29

B.2.1可调式防护装置·····················································，·································……29

B.2.2曲线加工导向板··························，······································，····················……30

B.2.3测量装置········，····················································，··································……31

B.2.4试验·····································································································，……31

B.2.5测量条件······················································································……，··……31

附录C(规范性附录)噪声测量时机床的工作(运转)条件·············································一·32

C.1一般要求····································································································，一32

C.2噪声测量·························································································，········，……32

C.3机床噪声测量数据单·，····························································，····················……33

附录D(资料性附录)安全工作方法·····································，································……36

D.1一般要求···································································································……36

D.2操作者的培训···························································，·····，··························……36

D.3稳定性···········，·········································，··，···········································，·……36

D.4机床的安装和调整·······················································································……36

D.5工件的导向······························，································································……36

D.6旋转方向和转速选择····················································································……36

D.7机床的运转、防护装置的选择和调整····································，···························……37

D.8在工件全长上铣削的直线加工·······································································……37

D.9间断直线加工······，，····················································································……37

D.10曲线加工·······，，·································，，··················，······················.·.……，，..…，…37

D.11斜面加工···································································································……37

D.12顺铣削·····，········································，·······································，···············……37

D.13开樟加工····································································，······························……37

GB20007-2005

oil吕

本标准第3章和6.3h)中的第2分项及附录D是推荐性的，其余为强制性的。

本标准修改采用欧洲标准EN848-1:工998《木工机床安全刀具旋转的单面铣床第1部分:单轴

铣床》及EN848-1:1998/A1:2000。本标准技术内容与EN848-1基本一致，增加了机床空运转噪声声

压级限值的要求。

本标准自实施之日起，JB6109-1992《单轴木工铣床结构安全》作废。

本标准的附录A、附录B和附录C是规范性附录，附录D是资料性附录。

本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本标准由全国木工机床与刀具标准化技术委员会((SAC/TC84)归口

本标准起草单位:福州木工机床研究所

本标准主要起草人:郑宗鉴、郑莉。

本标准首次发布。

GB20007-2005

木工机床安全单轴铣床

范围

本标准规定了单轴木工铣床(以下简称机床)的安全技术要求和检验方法。

本标准适用于单轴木工铣床。

本标准不适用于台式单轴木工铣床。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准

GB/T3770-1983木工机床噪声声功率级的测定

GB/T3767-1996声学声压法测定噪声源声功率级反射面上方近似自由场的工程法

GB/T3768-1996声学声压法测定噪声源声功率级反射面上方采用包络测量表面的简易法

GB4208-1993外壳防护等级(IP代码)

GB5013.1-1997额定电压450/750V及以下橡皮绝缘电缆第1部分:一般要求

GB5023.1-1997额定电压450/750V及以下聚氯乙烯电缆第I部分:一般要求

GB5226.1-2002机械安全机械电气设备第1部分:通用技术条件IEC60204-1:2000

GB12557-2000木工机床安全通则

GB/T13570-1992单轴木工铣床精度

GB14048.4-2003低压开关设备和控制设备机电式接触器和电动机起动器

GB14048.5-2001低压开关设备和控制设备第5-1部分:控制电路电器和开关元器件机电

式控制电路电器

GB/T15706.1-1995机械安全基本概念与设计通则第1部分:基本术语、方法学

GB/T15706.2-1995机械安全基本概念与设计通则第2部分:技术原则与规范

GB16754-1997机械安全急停设计原则

GB/T16755-1997机械安全安全标准的起草与表述规则

GB/T18831-2002机械安全带防护装置的联锁装置设计和选择原则

GB18955-2003木工刀具安全铣刀、圆锯片

JB/T9948-1999单轴木工铣床静刚度

ISO3743-1;1994声学噪声源的声功率级测定混响场中的、可移动的声源工程法第1部

分:有围墙的实验室的比较法

ISO3743-2:1994声学噪声源的声功率级测定混响场中小的、可移动的声源工程法第2部

分:专用混响室的方法

ISO3745:2003声学噪声源声功率级的测定消声室和半消声室的精密法

ISO4871:1996声学机械与设备的噪声发射值的声明与核查

ISO11202:1995声学机器与设备发射的噪声操作者位置和其他特定位置上声压级测定的简

易法工地简易法

ISO11204:1995声学机器与设备发射的噪声操作者位置和其他特定位置上声压级测定的简

易法环境修正的方法

I

GB20007-2005

ISO/TR11688-1:1995声学低噪声机械与设备的推荐设计方法第1部分:计划

EN982:1996机械安全流体动力系统和部件的安全要求液压装置

EN983:1996机械安全流体动力系统和部件的安全要求气动装置

3术语和定义

以下定义适用于本标准。

3.1一般术语

3.1.1

单轴木工铣床singlespindlemouldingmachines

是一种手动进给的机床，装有一根立式主轴和一水平工作台。主轴是固定的或可移动的。在加工

中主轴的位置是固定不变的，整个工作台或其一部分也是固定的。该机床有下列特性:

a)便于主轴升、降到工作台上方下方;

b)便于倾斜主轴;

c)便于安装一个附加的手动操作的移动工作台。

3.1.2

直线加工straightwork

是将工件的一个面与工作台接触，另一个面与导向板接触，由其一端连续加工到另一端(见图1)e

图1直线加工实例

3.1.3

曲线加工curvedwork

将工件的一面与工作台面接触(如果采用夹具，则使夹具与工作台面接触)，另一面与一曲线加工导

向板(环形导向板)的垂直基准面接触(见图2)0

GB20007-2005

图2曲线加工实例

3.1.4

开株加工tenoning

指在工件的端部加工出棒和槽，以便工件之间的连接。这包括成型面的桦(见图3)

图3株的实例

.5

间断直线加工stoppedstraightwork

仅对工件长度的一部分进行的加工(见图4)0

.6

手动进给handfeed

见GB12557-2000中3.3.

.7

可拆卸的机动进给装置demountablepowerfeedunite

见GB12557-2000中3.4,

GB20007-2005

图4间断直线加工实例

3.1.8

转速范围speedrange

是指刀具主轴或刀具额定的最大运转速度与最小运转速度间的区间。

3.1.9

抛射ejection

见GB12557-2000中3.10e

3.1.10

返弹kickback

见GB12557-2000中3.11.

3.1.11

止逆装置anti-kickbackdevice

用以降低工件、工件或机床的零部件返弹的可能性，或阻止其运动的装置。

3.1.12

可换主轴removablespindle

更换时不需拆卸主轴轴承的刀具主轴。

3.1.13

机械致动机构machineactuator

一种用以引起机械运动的动力机构(见GB5226.1-2002中3.323,

3.1.14

保证书confirmation

见GB12557-2000中3.15,

11.15

起动时间run-uptime

见GB12557-2000中3.130

3.1.16

惯性运动时间run-downtime

见GB12557-2000中3.14

3.1.17

固定式机床stationarymachine

该机床是安装或置于地面或紧固在地面或其他建筑结构上，使用时是静止的。

3.1.18

可移动机床transportablemachine

该机床是置于地面上，使用时是静止的，它装有一个能使机床在场所之间移动的装置，例如轮子

GB20007-2005

3.2机床主要零部件术语

机床主要零部件的术语见表1和图Sa),5b)和5c),

表1单轴木工铣床的主要零部件

序号中文英文

1床身mainframe

2速度指示器speedindicator

3主轴锁紧装置spindlelock

4起动和停止操纵器startandstopcontrols

5刀具tool

6工作台圆环tablering

7直线加工防护装置straightworkguard

8导向板fenceplates

9防护罩enclosure

10吸尘管接头chipanddustextractionoutlet

11曲线加工防护装置curvedworkguard

12帽式防护装置bonnetguard

13曲线加工导向板guidingsteady

14移动工作台travelingtable

15工件夹紧装置workpiececlampingdevice

16可调式防护装置adustableguard

17可拆卸的机动进给装置demountablepowerfeedunit

18推棒pushstick

19移动工作台上防护装置guardfixedtothertavelingtable

a1用于直线加工

图5单轴木工铁床

GB20007-2005

b)用于曲线加工

c)用于开桦加工

图5(续)

4危险一览表

危险一览表(见表2)涉及了本机床的所有危险:

—对于重大危险，应规定安全要求和/或措施，或参照相关的B类标准;

—对于非重大危险，例如一般的、次要的或从属的危险，应参照相关的A类标准，特别是

GB20007-2005

GB/T15706.1一15706.2

表2中所列危险是根据GB/T16755-1997的附录A提出的。

表2危险一览表

序号危险符合本标准的条文

1机械危险:如由机器或工件的下列要素引起的:

形状:

相对位置:

质量和稳定性:各〔零件的位能):

质量和速度(各零件的动能):

机械强度不足:

由以下原因引起的机床零部件或工件位能积累:弹

性零件(弹簧)或压力下的液体或气体;

真空。

1.1挤压危险5.2.4,6.3

1.2剪切危险不重要

1.3切割或切断危险5.2.3,5.2.6,5.2.7.1

1.4缠绕危险5.2.3,5.2.7

1.5引人或卷入危险5.27

1.6冲击危险5.2.5

1.7刺伤或扎伤危险5.2.8

1.8摩擦或磨损危险不重要

1.9高压流体喷射危险不适合

1.10(机械或被加工的材料或工件)部件抛射危险5.2.2,5.2.3;5.2.5

1.11机械或机械零部件不稳定5.2.1

1.12与机械有关的滑倒、倾倒、跌倒危险不适合

2电气危险诸如下列因素引起的:

2.1电接触(直接或间接)534

2.2静电现象不适合

热辐射或其他现象:如熔化粒子的喷射、短路、化学

2.3不适合

效应过载等

2.4电气设备外部影响5.3.12

3热危险:由F列各因素引起的:

人们可接触的火焰或爆炸及热源辐射的烧伤和

3.1不适合

烫伤

3.2热或冷的工作环境对健康的影响不适合

4由噪声产生的危险导致:

4.1听力损失等

4.2干扰语言通讯、听觉信号等5IF.3it.2q

5由振动产生的危险不适合

6由辐射等产生的危险，尤其是由:

6.1电弧不适合

6.2激光不适合

GB20007-2005