GB/T 18719-2002 热喷涂 术语、分类

ICS25.220.01

A29

GH

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T18719-2002

热喷涂术语、分类

Thermalspraying-Terminology,classification

(ISO14917:1999,MOD)

2002一05一17发布2002门2一01实施

中华人民共和匡

国家质量监督检验检疫总IWk

cs/T18719-2002

目次

前言.·I

1范围·············································································································……1

2规范性引用文件·1

3术语和定义····································································································……1

4工艺种类········。·································································。·····························……1

4.1按热喷涂材料类型分类·············································。······································……1

4.2按操作方法分类················。······。··········。··························································……1

4.3按热源分类·········································。············。······。····································……2

5一般术语···································································。······价·························……6

5.1热喷涂材料································。······················。··························”··············……6

5.2热喷涂涂层························································。······。·································。……7

5.3热喷涂工艺··。·······。。···················································································……8

6热喷涂设备术语.·9

6.1喷涂枪·············。。····················。···················。··············································……9

6.2喷嘴··········”······························……9

6.3辅助喷嘴·····································································································……9

6.4导电嘴(管)········。·······。··········。······································································……9

6.5送丝机构······································································································……9

6.6送粉器·10

6.7送粉嘴·10

7热喷涂涂层的性能术语·····················································································……10

7.1抗拉结合强度·······························································································……10

7.2硬度············································································································……10

7.3其他性能······················································································。··············……10

8热喷涂工艺导图·，····················，，·········································································一·10

附录A(资料性附录)本标准章条编号与ISO14917章条编号对照········，························……12

附录B(资料性附录)关键词索引············································································一13

GB/T18719-2002

前言

本标准修改采用ISO14917:1999((热喷涂术语、分类))(英文版)。

根据热喷涂技术在我国应用的基本情况，本标准对ISO14917做如下修改:

—取消了国际标准的前言;

增加了目次;

用“本标准”代替“本国际标准，’;

—引用了采用国际标准的我国标准;

—将按英文直译的4.3.6.2"室中等离子喷涂”术语，根据解释定义为“可控气氛等离子喷涂，’;

—增加了部分术语，对ISO14917第5章“一般术语”的内容，本标准按热喷涂材料、涂层、工艺进

行了分类和补充;其中，“热喷涂材料”增加了6条术语，“热喷涂涂层”增加了10条术语，“热喷涂工艺”

增加了5条术语;术语“喷涂枪”编人第6章“热喷涂设备术语”中;

—增加附录A。在附录A中列出了本标准章条编号与ISO14917章条编号对照一览表;

-ISO14917中的“关键词索引”是按英文字母排序，为便于使用，本标准中的“关键词索引”按汉

语拼音排序，并调整为附录B,

本标准的附录A、附录B为资料性附录。

本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本标准由全国金属与非金属覆盖层标准化技术委员会归口。

本标准起草单位:武汉材料保护研究所、北京钢铁研究总院、西安交通大学。

本标准主要起草人:吴子健、曹庆、苏启、李长久。

GB/T18719-2002

热喷涂术语、分类

范围

本标准规定了热喷涂工艺和常用热喷涂术语的定义。按喷涂材料、喷涂操作方法以及热源的种类对

热喷涂工艺进行了分类。

本标准适用于热喷涂处理过程中所用术语和分类。

规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的

修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是

否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T230金属洛氏硬度试验方法(neqISO6508)

GB/T5030金属小负荷维氏硬度试验方法(eqvISO6507)

GB/T8642热喷涂抗拉结合强度的测定(eqvISO14916)

3术语和定义

3.1

热喷涂thermalspraying

在喷涂枪内或外将喷涂材料加热到塑性或熔化状态，然后喷射于经预处理的基体表面上，基体保持

未熔状态形成涂层的方法

注1;滋态或塑性膏态材料也可得到喷涂层。

注2:为获得特殊的涂层性能，可以采用喷涂后热处理、机械处理或封闭处理等方法

工艺种类

4.1按热喷涂材料类型分类

可分为以下各类:

—线材喷涂wirespraying;

—棒材喷涂rodspraying;

—芯材喷涂cordspraying;

—粉末喷涂powderspraying;

一熔液喷涂moltenbathspraying,

4.2按操作方法分类

4.2.1

手工喷涂manualspraying

喷涂工艺所特有的全部操作均使用手工完成

Gs/T18719-2002

机械化喷涂mechanizedspraying

喷涂工艺所特有的全部操作均使用机械完成。

4.2.3

自动化喷涂automaticspraying

喷涂工艺所特有的全部操作包括所有装卸，例如上、下工件均完全机械化并集成于一个程序系统自

动完成。

4.3按热源分类

4.3门

熔液喷涂molten-bathspraying

喷涂材料被加热到熔化状态并被预热的雾化气体(例如压缩空气或其他混合气体)雾化加速并喷到

经预处理的基体表面的一种喷涂方法。大多数情况下，喷涂材料是在容器内被加热熔化的。见图1.

火焰喷涂flamespraying

喷涂材料在氧一燃气焰中被加热，然后以雾化状喷向经预处理的基体表面的喷涂方法。初始喷涂材

料可呈粉末状、棒状、柔性复合丝状或线状。可以只利用氧一燃气射流，也可以同时使用附加的雾化气体

(例如压缩空气)，将被加热的材料喷向基体。

4.3-2.1

线材火焰喷涂wireflamespraying

线材火焰喷涂是将要沉积的线状材料不断输送给喷涂枪，利用氧一燃气焰将其加热到熔化状态，并

借助于雾化气体(例如压缩空气)喷射到经预处理的基体表面的喷涂方法。见图2,

使用的主要燃料气体有:乙炔、丙烷、氢气和液化石油气等。

线材火焰喷涂还包括:棒材火焰喷涂、柔性复合丝火焰喷涂等。

幽

侧

耸

日

1-一一气体混合物;

1-一熔化金属;2一一压缩空气;

2—气体入口;3一一喷雾流;

3一一电阻加热;4-喷涂涂层;

4-雾化气体;5一一基体;

5-喷雾流;6一一可调送丝机构;

6—喷涂涂层;7—喷涂丝;

7—基体8一一熔化丝端

图1熔液喷涂图2线材火焰喷涂

粉末火焰喷涂powderflamespraying

粉末火焰喷涂是将要喷涂的材料以粉末状输送给喷涂枪，在氧一燃气焰中将其加热到塑性或熔化状

Gs/T18719-2002

态，并利用膨胀燃气流喷射于经预处理的基体表面上的喷涂方法;有时可利用附加的气体射流加速粉末

粒子。见图3.

4.3.3

高速火焰喷涂highvelocityflamespraying

高速火焰喷涂时，助燃气体与燃烧气体在燃烧室中连续燃烧，燃烧的火焰在燃烧室内产生高压并通

过与燃烧室出口联接的膨胀喷嘴产生高速焰流，喷涂材料送人高速射流中被加热，加速喷射到经预处理

的基体表面上形成涂层的方法。见图4,

可使用乙炔、丙烷、丙烯、氢气等燃气，也可使用柴油或煤油等液体燃料。

翻

翔

t

日

1—然料气体;

1一送粉气体;2—氧;

2-一粉末人口;3-粉末和送粉气;

3-喷雾流;4—喷涂涂层子

4—气体馄合物;5-喷雾流;

5—火焰;