GB/T 23420-2024 飞机下货舱集装货物装载机

ICS49.100

CCSV56

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T23420—2024

代替GB/T23420—2009

飞机下货舱集装货物装载机

Aircraftlowerdeckcontainercargoloader

2024⁃08⁃23发布2024⁃12⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T23420—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································2

4分类·······················································································································2

5技术要求·················································································································2

5.1一般要求···········································································································2

5.2安全要求···········································································································3

5.3结构安全系数·····································································································5

5.4稳定性··············································································································6

5.5机动性能···········································································································6

5.6作业性能···········································································································6

5.7外部照明及光信号装置·························································································8

5.8可靠性··············································································································8

5.9环境适应性········································································································9

5.10环保要求··········································································································9

6试验方法·················································································································9

6.1试验前准备········································································································9

6.2一般要求···········································································································9

6.3安全要求··········································································································10

6.4结构安全系数····································································································10

6.5稳定性·············································································································11

6.6机动性能··········································································································12

6.7作业性能··········································································································13

6.8外部照明及光信号装置检查··················································································14

6.9可靠性·············································································································14

6.10环境适应性·····································································································15

6.11环保要求········································································································15

7检验规则···············································································································16

7.1检验分类··········································································································16

7.2出厂检验··········································································································16

7.3合格性检验·······································································································16

Ⅰ

GB/T23420—2024

8标牌、标识、使用说明书·····························································································17

8.1标牌················································································································17

8.2标识················································································································17

8.3使用说明书·······································································································17

9包装、运输及贮存·····································································································18

9.1包装················································································································18

9.2运输················································································································18

9.3贮存················································································································18

附录A（资料性）滚筒型集装单元（ULD）集装机的效率······················································19

A.1效率的定义······································································································19

A.2效率目标·········································································································19

A.3滚筒的设计试验································································································19

附录B（规范性）电动式集装机专用安全要求和试验方法····················································21

B.1安全要求·········································································································21

B.2试验方法·········································································································25

附录C（规范性）续航能力检测工况···············································································27

参考文献····················································································································28

Ⅱ

GB/T23420—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T23420—2009《宽体飞机下舱集装箱、集装板装载机功能要求》，与GB/T23420—

2009相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了适用范围（见第1章，2009年版的第1章）；

b）删除了对ISO4166的规范性引用（见2009年版的第1章）；

c）增加了“术语和定义”（见第3章）；

d）增加了“分类”（见第4章）；

e）增加了“一般要求”及试验方法（见5.1、6.2）；

f）增加了“安全要求”及试验方法（见5.2、6.3）；

g）增加了“结构要求系数”的要求及试验方法（见5.3、6.4）；

h）更改了抗风稳定性的要求及试验方法（见5.4.1、6.5.1，2009年版的6.7）；

i）增加了稳定装置的要求及试验方法（见5.4.2、6.5.2~6.5.8）；

j）更改了“通道圆外圆直径”要求及试验方法（见5.5.1、6.6.1，2009年版6.4）；

k）更改了升降范围限值的描述及试验方法（见5.5.3、6.6.3，2009年版的3.1b）；

l）更改了总高要求的描述及试验方法（见5.5.4、6.6.3，2009年版的3.2）；

m）增加了“质量参数”的要求及试验方法（见5.5.5、6.6.4）；

n）更改了最高车速限值及连续行驶性能要求及试验方法（见5.5.6、6.6.5，2009年版的6.1）；

o）增加了最低稳定车速限值要求及试验方法（见5.5.7、6.6.7）；

p）增加了“制动性能、制动操纵力”的要求及试验方法（见5.5.9、5.5.11、6.6.9、6.6.11）；

q）增加了“驻车制动性能”的要求及试验方法（见5.5.10、6.6.10）；

r）增加了“平台承载下沉量的要求”及试验方法（见5.6.2.7、6.7.2.7）；

s）增加了“外部照明及光信号装置”的要求及试验方法（见5.7、6.8）；

t）增加了“可靠性”的要求及试验方法（见5.8、6.9）；

u）增加了“环境要求”及试验方法（见5.9、6.10）；

v）增加了“环保要求”及试验方法（见5.10、6.11）；

w）增加了“检验规则”（见第7章）；

x）增加了“标牌、标识、使用说明书”的要求（见第8章）；

y）增加了“包装、运输及贮存”的要求（见第9章）；

z）增加了规范性附录“电动式集装机专用安全要求和试验方法”（见附录B）；

aa）增加了规范性附录“续航能力检测工况”要求（见附录C）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国民用航空局提出。

本文件由全国航空运输标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC464）归口。

本文件起草单位：中机科（北京）车辆检测工程研究院有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：陈迎浩、赵诚、高超、王敏、贾琦。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——2009年首次发布为GB/T23420—2009；

——本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T23420—2024

飞机下货舱集装货物装载机

1范围

本文件规定了飞机下货舱集装货物装载机（以下简称“集装机”）的分类、技术要求、试验方法、检验

规则、标牌、标识、使用说明书、包装、运输及贮存。

本文件适用于民用机场使用的集装机的设计、制造、检验。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T2408塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法

GB/T2423.1电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验A：低温

GB/T2423.2电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验B：高温

GB/T2423.3环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Cab：恒定湿热试验

GB2893安全色

GB/T4094.2电动汽车操纵件、指示器及信号装置的标志

GB/T4208外壳防护等级（IP代码）

GB/T9969工业产品使用说明书总则

GB/T12540汽车最小转弯直径、最小转弯通道圆直径和外摆值测量方法

GB/T12543汽车加速性能试验方法

GB/T12544汽车最高车速试验方法

GB/T12547汽车最低稳定车速试验方法

GB/T12673汽车主要尺寸测量方法

GB/T12674汽车、挂车及汽车列车质量参数测量方法

GB/T12678汽车可靠性行驶试验方法

GB/T14436工业产品保证文件总则

GB18384电动汽车安全要求

GB/T18387电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法

GB/T18488.1电动汽车用驱动电机系统第1部分：技术条件

GB/T18849机动工业车辆制动器性能和零件强度

GB/T19836电动汽车仪表

GB/T20234.1—2023电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第1部分：通用要求

GB/T20234.2—2015电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第2部分：交流充电接口

GB/T20234.3—2023电动汽车传导充电用连接装置第3部分：直流充电接口

GB20891非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第三、四阶段）

GB/T27930—2023非车载传导式充电机与电动汽车之间的数字通信协议

GB/T32960.3电动汽车远程服务与管理系统技术规范第3部分：通信协议及数据格式

1

GB/T23420—2024

GB34660道路车辆电磁兼容性要求和试验方法

GB36886非道路移动柴油机械排气烟度限值及测量方法

GB38031电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求

GB/T38775.1电动汽车无线充电系统第1部分：通用要求

JB/T5943—2018工程机械焊接件通用技术条件

JT/T1461客车锂离子动力蓄电池箱火灾防控装置配置要求

MH/T0023航空器地面服务设备用图形符号

MH/T6012—2015航空障碍灯

QC/T484—1999汽车油漆涂层

QC/T625汽车用涂镀层和化学处理层

ISO8097航空器经认证的航空货运集装单元装置最低适航性要求和试验条件（Aircraft—

Minimumairworthinessrequirementsandtestconditionsforcertifiedaircargounitloaddevices）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

主平台mainplatform

位于集装机后部，与飞机集装箱、集装板拖车对接，能上下升降，360°旋转、前后左右移动传输集装

箱、集装板的装置。

3.2

桥平台frontplatform

位于集装机前部，与飞机舱门对接，能上下升降，前后左右移动传输集装箱、集装板的装置。

3.3

操作平台operationplatform

位于桥平台上，配置集装机的操控开关和指示仪表（灯），操作人员能操控集装机行驶、装卸货物及

其他相关功能的装置的工作区域。

4分类

根据动力源的不同，集装机分为以下三类。

a）内燃式：行驶和作业等均采用燃油发动机提供动力的集装机。

b

）电动式：行驶和作业等均采用可充电储能系统提供动力的集装机。

c）组合式：由行驶和作业等采用组合式动力源（包括燃油、可充电储能系统和市电）提供动力的

集装机。

5技术要求

5.1一般要求

5.1.1外观

5.1.1.1应在集装机明显位置标示出主平台最大提升及传送质量和桥平台最大承载及传送质量。

5.1.1.2外表面油漆涂层应符合QC/T484—1999中2.2的规定。

2

GB/T23420—2024

5.1.1.3零部件的涂镀层和化学处理层应符合QC/T625的规定。

5.1.1.4结构件的焊接应符合JB/T5943—2018中3.4.6的规定。

5.1.1.5操作、维修保养、测试部位及换件通道应有足够的操作空间。

5.1.1.6应无漏油、漏液或漏气现象。

5.1.2管路、线路及外购件

5.1.2.1主要外购件应具备出厂合格证。

5.1.2.2油路、气路系统管路及电气系统应排列整齐、夹持牢固，不应与运动部件发生摩擦或干涉。

5.1.2.3应采用电缆或线束的形式配线，且布线应最大限度地预防磨损，道路溅污，接触润滑脂、润滑

油、燃油，防止过热。

5.1.2.4电气设备导线端子和编号应有不易脱落的明显标识，便于修理和维护。

5.1.2.5电气配件、线路和元件均应易于接近。

5.2安全要求

5.2.1基本要求

5.2.1.1应安装夜间照明工作灯。

5.2.1.2应具有动力转向功能。

5.2.1.3应在车架上至少配备一个8kg的干粉灭火器。

5.2.1.4应在明显位置安装符合MH/T6012—2015中5.3.1.2和5.3.1.3规定的C型低光强航空障

碍灯。

5.2.1.5应设置自动声响警示器，当集装机倒车或升降工作台下降时，自动声响警示器应能发出鸣叫，

倒车报警器在10V下限电压鸣叫时，声级应在75dB（A）~120dB（A）范围内。

5.2.1.6当制动信号和加速信号同时出现时，整机控制系统应优先响应制动信号。

5.2.1.7主平台和桥平台均应设置用于维护保养的机械稳定锁止装置。

5.2.1.8应在集装机上清晰和永久地标记设备使用的限制性要求。

5.2.1.9应配备事件数据记录系统（EDR）或车载视频行驶记录装置。

5.2.1.10油箱、液箱的加注口盖及充电口应按下列颜色标识：

a）绿色用于柴油；

b）白色用于水和冷却液；

c）黄色用于润滑油；

d）带蓝色条纹的黄色用于液压油；

e）黑色用于充电口。

5.2.2操作平台

5.2.2.1操作平台的位置应在桥平台的右侧，能跟随桥平台升降，并受导向装置的限制（在导向装置外

侧），不应影响集装货物的传输。操作平台前端应具有伸缩功能。

5.2.2.2应设置方便操作人员上下平台的梯子，在任何状况下应能从地面登上桥平台。

5.2.2.3操作人员行走步道的宽度应不小于400mm，站立区域应不小于0.5m×0.5m。

5.2.2.4在操作人员的工作位置宜能看清装卸载荷和工作平台的边缘。

5.2.2.5操作平台和通道应设有合适高度的扶手或护栏；桥平台应设置高度应不低于1100mm的护

栏，且能够调节。

5.2.2.6操作平台应设置安全带系挂点。

3

GB/T23420—2024

5.2.2.7操作台上应设置明显的工作状态指示信号，其图形符号应符合MH/T0023的规定。

5.2.2.8操作平台和通道的表面应采取防滑措施。

5.2.2.9应采用防滑材料制作阶梯、坡道、梯子梯级、防滑条或踏板。

5.2.2.10操作平台、作业表面应能承受额定人员的载荷（包括在操作平台的操作人员和在作业表面上

的作业人员，每人质量以110kg计算）。

5.2.2.11梯子踏板应能承受不小于质量为110kg的工作载荷。

5.2.3操纵装置

5.2.3.1应成组设置操纵装置和警示灯。应设置永久的操纵装置和警示灯标识，且宜采用符合MH/T0023

的图形符号标识。

5.2.3.2操纵装置应设置在便于操作人员操作的地方。设有两个（含两个）以上工位情况下，应在每个

工位设置互锁装置。

5.2.3.3所有操纵装置的操作移动方向宜与所控制机构和货物的行进方向一致，操纵装置应具有安全

逻辑控制功能或安全锁止功能，以防止作业时意外停止或反转。

5.2.3.4手动和脚动操纵装置的位置、尺寸及操纵空间应便于操作人员戴手套和穿靴子进行操作。手

动控制装置的操纵力应不大于100N。脚动操纵装置的尺寸应不小于50mm×75mm，脚动操纵装置

的操纵力应不大于300N，且应采用防滑材料。

5.2.3.5操纵集装单元进出飞机作业的操纵装置应操作简单，便于一名操作人员对集装单元进行定位

和操作，并在桥平台上开启或关闭机舱门。

5.2.4应急装置

5.2.4.1车架前、后部应设置牵引装置。

5.2.4.2液压阀和电路应设置应急系统，以便在故障情况下手动操作。

5.2.4.3应具有