GB/T 2423.62-2026 环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验Fx：多激励多轴振动

ICS19.040

CCSK04

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

代替GB/T2423.62—2018

环境试验第2部分：试验方法

试验Fx：多激励多轴振动

Environmentaltesting—Part2：Testmethods—TestFx：Multi⁃exciterand

multi⁃axisvibrationmethod

（IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024，Environmentaltesting—Part2⁃86：Tests—

TestFx：Vibration—Multi⁃exciterandmulti⁃axismethod，IDT）

2026⁃09⁃28发布2027⁃04⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································2

3术语和定义··············································································································2

4背景·······················································································································3

4.1通则·················································································································3

4.2多激振器/多轴试验可实现更好的动态响应分布··························································3

4.3大型样品的多激振器试验······················································································4

4.4可靠性增长的多轴试验·························································································4

4.5多轴试验以减少试验时间······················································································4

5试验仪器及控制策略··································································································4

6试验严酷度和容差·····································································································5

6.1试验严酷度········································································································5

6.2容差·················································································································5

6.3试验频率范围外的激励·························································································5

6.4横向运动···········································································································5

7样品安装和测量系统的安装·························································································6

8预试验····················································································································6

9振动响应调查···········································································································6

10预处理··················································································································6

11初始检测和功能性能检测··························································································7

12试验前用于均衡的低量级激励····················································································7

13试验·····················································································································7

14中间功能性能检测···································································································7

15恢复·····················································································································7

16最终检测和功能性能以及振动响应调查········································································7

17试验确认···············································································································8

18有关规范中应列明的信息··························································································8

19试验报告中应提供的信息··························································································8

附录A（资料性）多激振器/多轴试验控制系统指南···························································10

A.1一般规定·········································································································10

A.2多激振器控制策略·····························································································10

Ⅰ

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

A.3确定和超定的控制策略·······················································································11

A.4量化振动试验激振器之间的相互关系·····································································11

A.5量化时间历程再现试验的激振器之间的相互关系······················································12

附录B（资料性）其他试验指南·····················································································14

B.1固定、监控、控制和参考点····················································································14

B.2控制均衡·········································································································14

B.3横向运动、信号失真和带外响应·············································································14

B.4预试验············································································································15

B.5振动响应调查···································································································15

B.6温度调节和稳定································································································15

B.7性能检查·········································································································16

B.8试验程序的验证································································································16

附录C（资料性）多激振器/多轴试验应用指南··································································18

C.1概述···············································································································18

C.2关于使用多激振器系统试验大型样品的建议····························································18

C.3关于使用多轴系统进行多自由度试验的建议····························································19

C.4关于使用多个振动台的建议（通过挠性联轴器直接连接到样品上）·································20

附录D（资料性）使用测量数据进行多激振器/多轴试验的指南·············································23

D.1概述···············································································································23

D.2使用测量数据得出试验严酷度··············································································23

附录E（资料性）试验容差选择指南···············································································24

E.1概述···············································································································24

E.2与测量数据相关的试验容差·················································································24

E.3适用于不同参数的试验容差·················································································24

附录NA（资料性）GB/T2423的组成文件······································································26

参考文献····················································································································29

图A.1双激振器系统的功率谱密度（PSD）和互谱密度（CSD）···············································11

图A.2六激振器系统的功率谱密度（PSD）和交叉谱密度（CSD）············································12

图C.1球面轴承示例··································································································21

表E.1适用于不同参数的试验容差·················································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定

起草。

本文件是GB/T2423的第62部分。GB/T2423已经发布的部分见附录NA。

本文件代替GB/T2423.62—2018《环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fx和导则：多输入多输

出振动》，与GB/T2423.62—2018相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

——更改了“范围”内容，补充冲击、瞬态试验及大型样品、运输包装件适用内容（见第1章，2018年

版的第1章）；

——更改了“术语和定义”（见第3章，2018年版的第2章）；

——增加了“背景”，明确多激励多轴振动试验的应用价值与适用场景（见第4章）；

——更改了试验仪器及控制策略（见第5章，2018年版的第3章）；

——更改了试验严酷度和容差（见第6章，2018年版的4.4和4.6）；

——更改了样品和测量系统的安装要求（见第7章，2018年版的4.5）；

——删除了信息要求（见2018年版的第5章）；

——增加了“预试验”（见第8章）；

——更改了“振动响应调查”（见第9章，2018年版的6.1.1）；

——增加了“预处理”（见第10章）；

——更改了“初始检测和功能性能检测”（见第11章，2018年版的6.1.2）；

——增加了“试验前用于均衡的低量级激励”（见第12章）；

——更改了“试验”（见第13章，2018年版的6.2）；

——更改了“中间功能性能检测”（见第14章，2018年版的6.3）；

——更改了“恢复”（见第15章，2018年版的6.4）；

——更改了“最终检测和功能性能以及振动响应调查”（见第16章，2018年版的6.5）；

——更改了“试验确认”（见第17章，2018年版的第7章）；

——更改了“有关规范中应列明的信息”（见第18章，2018年版的第8章）；

——更改了“试验报告中应提供的信息”（见第19章，2018年版的第9章）。

本文件等同采用IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024《环境试验第2⁃86部分：试验试验Fx：振动多激励和

多轴方法》。

本文件做了下列最小限度的编辑性改动：

——为与系列标准协调，将标准名称改为《环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fx：多激励多轴

振动》；

——增加了资料性附录“GB/T2423的组成部分”。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC8）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：工业和信息化部电子第五研究所、杭州亿恒科技有限公司、北京航空航天大学、

北京强度环境研究所、北京卫星环境工程研究所、中国航空综合技术研究所、天津航天瑞莱科技有限公

司、航天科工防御技术研究试验中心。

本文件主要起草人：汪凯蔚、周阳红生、陈章位、吴飒、韦冰峰、向树红、张建华、孙建勇、赵玉刚、

周天朋、王刚、解禾。

Ⅲ

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——2018年首次发布为GB/T2423.62—2018；

——本次为第一次修订。

Ⅳ

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

引言

GB/T2423（所有部分）包括了环境试验及其严酷等级的基础信息，用于评定样品在预期的贮存、

运输以及各种使用环境下的环境适应性。在GB/T2423中，每个文件分别介绍了一组试验和应用。

GB/T2423（所有部分）旨在为产品规范制定者和产品试验者提供一系列统一且可重复的气候、机械和

综合等环境试验，并包含了测量和试验用标准大气条件。

1981年以来，GB/T2423有50余项文件发布实施，现行GB/T2423标准文件54项，其中42项

采用IEC60068⁃2系列标准。GB/T2423由54部分构成，组成文件见附录NA。

多激励多轴振动试验方法更加真实地模拟了处于运行或不运行状态的电工电子产品系统、大型设

备等的振动情况。多激励多轴振动试验主要用于振动试验，但该程序也适用于某些类型的冲击和瞬态

振动试验。

Ⅴ

GB/T2423.62—2026/IEC60068⁃2⁃86：2024

环境试验第2部分：试验方法

试验Fx：多激励多轴振动

1范围

本文件提供了多激励多轴振动试验系统的试验程序。振动试验一般适用于部件、设备和其他产品

（以下简称“样品”），这些产品在其寿命周期中可能受到动力学环境的影响。虽然本文件主要用于振动

试验，但该程序也适用于某些类型的冲击和瞬态振动试验。

本文件中规定的试验程序，适用于需验证样品能耐受规定振动、冲击与瞬态条件，而不会造成不可

接受的功能或结构性能退化的情况。该试验程序与IEC60068⁃2其他文件的试验程序相似度较高，所

涵盖的振动、冲击激励类型范围相同。

本文件适用于因运输和/或使用环境（如飞机、航天器和车辆）而承受振动、冲击和瞬态条件的样

品。它主要用于未包装的样品。当运输包装被视为样品本身的一部分时，它也适用于这样的样品。

本文件所述试验方法及配套技术，主要适用于使用基于计算机数字控制系统的多个电动或伺服液

压振动激振器对样品的激励。

本文件包含两种试验方法，通常称为多激励单轴（MESA）和多激励多轴（MEMA）。

a）采用带固定底座的振动台，开展单轴或X轴、Y轴、Z轴选定组合试验，或通过夹具耦合实现

旋转。

b）使用多个振动台，通过挠性联轴器或类似方法直接连接到样品上。在这里，振动台连接在样

品上的任何位置和任何方向。这种方法与用于模态试验的方法非常相似，但使用环境试验的

严酷度。

需要强调的是，MESA和MEMA试验需要高度的工程判断和相关经验，试验规范制定者和试验

人员都需要认识到这一事实。通常，MESA和MEMA试验需要更多的资源来搭建试验装置，但可能

会提供更准确的结果。

就本文件而言，试验规范编制人员需要根据样品及其使用工况，选定适配的试验程序与严酷等级。

本文件将预试验设为可选环节，供相关人员验证试验规范及严酷等级对样品的适用性。预试验一般采

用单独样品开展。

IEC60068⁃2系列现行单轴、单激振器试验流程，能适配多种激励形式，包括宽带随机、随机加随

机、正弦加随机、扫频正弦、冲击及长时历程再现等各类激励形式。理论上，上述试验同样能依托多轴、

多激振系统开展。然而，对于其中一些类型的试验，合适的技术和商用试验控制软件目前不一定普遍

可用。因此，本文件的程序目前主要用于宽带随机和时间历程再现试验，因为这两类试验的配套设施

已广泛配置。虽然如此，本程序经用户适配调整后，同样覆盖其他激励类型，相关参考内容已在文中

列明。

传统上，振动、冲击和瞬态试验的严酷度是使用加速度作为控制参数的。但是，本文件试验程序并

无此项硬性要求。就本文件而言，振动、冲击和瞬态试验的严酷度由用户规定，取值形式包含加速度、

速度、位移、力。之所以需要在本文件中纳入各类控制参数，是因为多激振器试验场景下，采用混合参

数开展控制的情况更为普遍。在这种情况下，施加到样品上的振动、冲击和瞬态波，依托采集对应参数

的传感器反馈信号实现调控。

本文件主要用于电工样品，适用范围不限于该品类，同时覆盖其他各类应用领域。

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