GB 19999-2005 木工机床安全 四面铣床和四面刨床

ICS79.120.10

J65荡8

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB19999-2005

木工机床安全四面铣床和四面刨床

Safetyofwoodworkingmachines-Four-sidemouldingmachines

andfour-sideplaningmachines

2005-12-01发布2006-07-01实施

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布

中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB19999-2005

目次

前言

范围·······……

规范性引用文件

术语和定义

危险一览表

5安全要求和/或措施··················································，···············，·········……6

5.1控制和指令装置·······，·················································································..……6

5.1.1控制系统的安全性和可靠性····················，·························……，.…6

5.1.2操纵器的位置································································.·······……7

5.1.3起动······································································································……7

5.1.4正常停止············，，·············································，·····································.……7

5.1.5急停·······································，······························································……8

5.1.6模式选择··············································································，··········……8

5.1,7转速改变············，·········，············································································……8

5.1.8旋转方向······················，···································································，······……9

5.1.9机械进给································································································.……9

5.1.10安装中主轴的机动调整·································，·····························.·...……，..…9

5.1.n双重控制······················，·············，····························································……9

5.1.12动力源故障··········································································.……，·，……，.，.9

5.1.13控制电路故障····················································································.……，，.，.9

5.2机械危险的防护···············，··································································..……，，……10

5.2.1稳定性·····················································，，··············································……10

5.2.2运转中的断裂风险，·························································，···························……10

5.2.3刀夹和刀具的设计要求············································································……10

5.2.4制动········································································································……n

5.2.5将抛射可能性或影响降低到最小的装置··············································，·············……12

5.2.6工件的支承和导向······················································································……13

5.2.7进人运动零部件的防护·······················································，··············，········……14

5.2.8防护装置的特性要求························································，··，··············……16

5.2.9夹持装置··························································，·······································……17

5.3对非机械危险的防护·······························，··············································……，，…17

5.3.1火和爆炸············，，，·······························································，，··················……17

5.3.2噪声······················································································，··················……17

5.3.3木屑、粉尘和有害气体的排放······················································……17

5.3.4电气设备··········，，······················································································……17

5.3.5人类工效学和安全搬运的要求········，，··········，···································.·.·……18

5.3.6照明····························································，，···········································……18

5.3.7气动装置·······································································，···························……18

GB19999-2005

5.3.8液压装置·····················，，·································································……，……18

5.3.9热危险·，················································································，··················……18

5.3.10危险材料·················································································……，……18

5.3.11振动········································，··································，·························……18

5.3.12辐射·························································，············································……18

5.3.13激光············，············，··························，·，，··············································……18

5.3.14静电···········，·····································，，···················································……18

5.3.15装配误差·········································································，···..·············……18

5.3.16能量输送的切断······················································································……18

5.3.17维修·，，·································································································……19

6使用信息，·，········································，···································，·，·······················……19

6.1警告装置·····························································，········································……19

6.2标志······························································，19

6.3使用说明书··································································································……19

附录A(资料性附录)有关安全控制系统实例····························································……21

A.1有关安全控制系统的实例见图A.1·········，···，····································，，··············……21

附录B(规范性附录)主轴的技术要求·····································································……22

B.1主轴的技术要求按表B.1的规定·····································································……22

附录C(规范性附录)工作台唇板抗力试验··，···································，···········，··········……23

C.1适用范围·······················，···，，·····································································……23

C.2试验装置····，，················································，································……23

C.3测量········································································································……23

C.4试验········································································，································……25

C.5结果评定···············，·，··········································，，·································……25

C.6试验报告····································，·，······································，··········，·····，···……25

附录D(规范性附录)噪声测量时机床的工作(运转)条件·································，·········……26

D.1一般要求·········································································，，，······················……26

D.2噪声测量，·，································································································……26

D.3机床噪声测量数据单··················································································……27

附录E(资料性附录)安全工作方法······，，····················································……““·“““‘31

E.1一般要求················································，·，··············································……31

E.2刀具·····················································，··，···············································……31

E.3工件······························，···，，·····················································，·······，······……32

E.4防护装置······，·，·························································································……32

GB19999-2005

月吐吕

本标准第3章和附录A、附录E以及5.3.2.1的第1段、5.3.3的注、6.3r)中的ii)和iv)是推荐性

的，其余是强制性的。

本标准修改采用欧洲标准EN12750:2001《木工机床安全四面铣床》，技术内容基本与

EN12750:2001一致，增加了机床空运转噪声的限值。

本标准自实施之日起，本标准所涉及的机床的安全技术要求不执行JB6112-1992《二、三、四面木

工刨床结构安全》，均以本标准为准。

本标准的附录B、附录C和附录D是规范性附录，附录A,附录E是资料性附录。

本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本标准由全国木工机床与刀具标准化技术委员会归口

本标准负责起草单位:福州木工机床研究所。

本标准主要起草人:郑宗鉴、郑莉。

本标准首次发布。

GB19999-2005

木工机床安全四面铣床和四面刨床

范围

本标准规定了四面木工铣床和四面木工刨床的安全技术要求和检验方法，适用于切削实木、刨花

板、纤维板、胶合板和贴有塑料贴面或贴边的上述材料，最大加工宽度小于等于350mm的四面木工铣

床和四面木工刨床(以下简称机床)

本标准适用于四面木工铣床和四面木工刨床

本标准不适用于计算机数控机床(CNC)的电磁兼容的危险。

本标准不适用于

a)工件进给装置(储料装置、储料斗等)的危险;

b)未经预先加工的原木的加工机床

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准

GB/T3767-1996声学声压法测定噪声源声功率级反射面上方近似自由场的工程法

GB/T3768-1996声学声压法测定噪声源声功率级反射面上方采用包络测量表面的简易法

GB/T3770-1983木工机床噪声声功率的测定

GB4208-1993外壳防护等级(IP代码)

GB5013.1-1997额度电压450/750V及以下橡皮绝缘电缆第1部分:一般要求

GB5023.1-1997额度电压450/750V及以下聚氯乙烯电缆第1部分:一般要求

GB5226.1-2002机械安全机械电气设备第l部分:通用技术条件(IEC60204-1:2000,IDT)

GB/T8196-2003机械安全防护装置固定式和活动式防护装置设计与制造一般要求

GB12265.1-1997机械安全防止上肢触及达危险区的安全距离

GB12557-2000木工机床安全通则

GB14048.4-2003低压开关设备和控制设备机电式接触器和电动机起动器

GB14048.5-2001低压开关设备和控制设备第5-1部分:控制电路电器和开关元器件机电

式控制电路电器

GB/T15706.1-1995机械安全基本概念与设计则第1部分:基本术语、方法学

GB/T15706.2-1995机械安全基本概念与设计则第2部分:技术原则与规范

GB16754-1997机械安全急停设计原则

GB/T16755-1997机械安全安全标准的起草与表述原则

GB/T16855.1-1997机械安全控制系统有关安全部件第1部分:设计原则

GB/T17421.1-1998机床检验通则第1部分:在无载荷和精加工条件下机床的几何精度

GB/T18831-2002机械安全带防护装置的联锁装置设计和选择原则

GB18955-2003木工刀具安全铣刀、圆锯片

ISO354:2003声学混响室内吸声的测量

ISO3741:1999声学声压法测定噪声源的声功率级一混响室内宽带声源的精密法

ISO3743-1:1994声学噪声源的声功率级测定一混响场中小的、可移动的声源工程法第1部

1

GB19999-2005

分:硬围墙的实验室的比较法

ISO3743-2;1994声学噪声源的声功率级测定混响场中小的、可移动的声源工程法第2部

分:专用混响室的方法

ISO3745:2003声学噪声源声功率级的测定消声室和半消声室精密法

ISO4871:1996声学机械与设备的噪声发射值的声明与检验

ISO11202:1995声学机器和设备发射的噪声操作者位置和其他特定位置上声压级的测定的

简易法工地简易法

ISO11204:1995声学机器和设备发射的噪声操作者位置和其他特定位置上声压级的测定的

简易法环境修正的方法

ISO/TR11688-1:1995声学低噪声机械与设备的推荐设计方法第I部分:计划

EN982:1996机械安全流体动力系统和部件的安全要求液压装置

EN983:1996机械安全流体动力系统和部件的安全要求气动装置

术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准

四面木工铣床four-sidemouldingmachine

机床由手动或储料装置一次上料，由机械进给机构完成工件进给。本标准涉及的机床是第一进给

辊安装在第一刀轴之外的机械进给的机床。机床至少有四个加工头，分布在上、下、左、右四个位置上，

带有旋转的直刃刨刀或铣刀。刀具主轴水平和/或垂直安装，可手动或机动调整。

该机床可安装附加的加工头，例如万能轴或玻璃压条锯切装置。

3.2

万能轴universalspindle

是一种加工装置，它可手动或机动改变位置，以便在围绕工件的不同位置上进行加工

3.3

玻璃压条锯削装置glassbeadsawunit

是一种加工装置，它装有一个锯片用以从工件已加工的成型面上锯下玻璃压条(实例见图1),

1一玻璃压条锯片;4玻璃压条凸缘;7—工件;

2分料刀;5一止逆器;8一进给方向

3一一玻璃压条凸缘的导向通道;6—进给辊;

图1玻琐压条锯削装置的实例

GB19999-2005

3.4

液压装刀装里hydraulictoolfixingdevice

采用液压的压力将刀具压紧到刀具主轴上的装置。

3.5

机械进给integratedfeed

工件或刀具的进给机构与机床连接一体，加工中工件或安装刀具的机床零部件由机械控制。

3.6

上料loadingthemachine

按GB12557-2000中3.6.

3.7

逆向切削cuttingagainstfeed

刀具切削点相应的旋转方向与进给方向相反。

3.8

顺向切削climbcutting

刀具切削点相应的旋转方向与进给方向相同。

3.9

刀具的切削区cuttingareaofthetool

包含在切削加工中的刀具的区域

3.10

刀具的非切削区non-cuttingareaofthetool

不包含在切削加工中的刀具的区域。

3.11

机械致动机构machineactuator

一种用以引起机械运动的动力机构(见GB5226.1-2002中3.32),

3.12

抛射ejection

见GB12557-2000中3.10.

3.13

返弹kickback

见GB12557-2000中3.11.

3.14

止逆装置anti-kickbackdevice

用以降低工件、工件(或机床)的零部件返弹的可能性，或阻止其返弹运动的装置(见图1),

注:括号中的情况不适用于本机床

3.15

爪式止逆装置catchingfingerdevice

用以防止被分离的工件抛射的装置(见图2)

3.16

起动的时间run-uptime

见GB12557-2000中3.13

3.17

惯性运转时(a7run-downtime

见GB12557-2000中3.140

GB19999-2005

3.18

转速范围speedrange

刀具主轴或刀具额定最大运转速度与最小运转速度间的区间。

3.19

保证书confirmation

见GB12557-2000中3.150

3.20

整体封闭式防护装置integralenclosure

所设计的防护装置紧密地安装在机床上，提供了一种降低噪声的措施，在该防护装置外能进行一定

的安装和调整工作。

3.21

全封闭式防护装置completeenclosure

完全围住机床，主要用以降低噪声，允许操作者在其内自由来回移动，机床的所有安装和调整工作

均在装置内进行一般通过门/开口进入防护装置

1—止逆爪;

2—工件;

3—进给方向.

图2爪式止逆装置

4危险一览表

危险一览表(见表1)涉及了适用范围中定义的本机床的所有危险:

—对于重大危险，应规定安全要求和/或措施，或参照相关的B类标准;

一一对于非重大危险，例如一般的、次要的或从属的危险，应参照相关的A类标准，特别是

GB/T15706.1一15706.2e

表1中所列危险是根据GB/T16755-1997的Rot3kA49MI.ft}-

GB19999-2005

表1危险一览表

序号危险符合本标准的条文

机械危险:如由机器或工件的下列要素引起的:

形状

相对位置:

质量和稳定性(各零件的位能)

质量和速度(各零件的动能):

机械强度不足:

由以下原因引起的位能积累:

弹性零件(弹簧);

压力下的液体或气体;

真空

1.1挤压危险5.2.1,5.2.7

1.2剪切危险5.2.7

1.3切割或切断危险5.2.2,5.2.3,5.2.4,5.2.7

1.4缠绕危险5.2.3,5.2.4,5.2.6,5.2.7

1.5引人或卷人危险5.2.7

1.6冲击危险5.2.7.2

1.7刺伤或轧伤危险