GB 14192-2005 木材采伐运输安全通则

ICS79.020

C72荡B

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB14192-2005

代替GB14192-1993

木材采伐运输安全通则

Safetycodeofpracticeforloggingoperations

2005-09-06发布2006-07-01实施

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布

中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB14192-2005

目次

前言···········，······················，····，，····，，·····‘··························，，······。·，·，··········，·······……皿

1范围······································································，···························1

2规范性引用文件·····，············································，·············································.·‘…1

3术语和定义，，·······，，·····································，，······，·，·····1··，··，···············……1

4木材采伐·····················一······················……2

4.1基本要求····，····，，················，·····，，······························、···，····························，···，，，二2

4.2伐木作业要求······································，·······‘····，··················.·····……，，.，...……2

4.3打枝要求.·3

4.4伐区造材要求·····，·······················，，····，···，，····。·，，··。·········.·……，..……3

5集材···········，····，····························································································……3

5.1拖拉机集材·····················，········，······················，，·····，········……，.····……，...·····……3

5.2畜力集材·································，···································································3

5.3人力串坡和滑道集材····················，········，，···························……，..···……，·.·……4

6伐区归楞，·，，···················，·········，，，···1·，，，·1卜·，，，，，·······，·，·······，·…4

7伐区装车··········，····························，···············，···············，·······················，·········……4

7.1架杆、缆索起重机装车要求，·············，·········，，······················，·····……，……，，…4

7.2汽车起重机装车要求········，············，···································一·，...··一·，，....……5

7.3人力装车要求·························································································.·...……5

7.4装森铁车辆要求··，，·，··1····，···1····，··11·，·······，，，，······1···········，，，·················……5

7.5装汽车要求··················，······················································，··························，·…6

8汽车运材·····················。··············，，······················，······················，···，·················……6

8.1运材道路要求····················································，······‘···，···························……6

8.2运材车辆要求···································，···························，·······················.·..……6

8.3运材汽车驾驶员要求·········，··············‘···，，····，·····，，，·····················……，...……，，7

8.4汽车运行要求··············，···········，·············，········‘································.···.·……，…7

9森铁运材·，··································，····，························，···············，，··········，··········，…7

9.1线路要求··························································，·······································‘·……7

9.2机车、车辆要求···························，············，··············，···························.·.·········……8

9.3人员要求·············，···················，，····，，····，·，···························。··························，…8

9.4列车编组要求···························，···········，··············，···········.·..··.·……8

9.5调车作业要求·····，·····················································，·····················.········……8

9.6列车运行要求··························，，·。·········，············，······························.····.·……9

9.7机车、车辆检修要求····································，·············，·············.·.·……，····……9

9.8防火要求，，·····、····，·····························‘············，，······‘···············，···················，，，·9

10木材水运。······················，······················································，·············，······……10

10.1渠道运材要求··，···········，··········································，······，··························.……10

工0.2单漂流送要求······，··················，，··········，··，·········，·，········，·····················……，，10

GB14192-2005

10.3拆垛的规定············‘············································，··············‘·············……，，……10

10.4木材收贮要求·······························，····················，································……，……11

10.5木材出埂、出河要求··············································，················.·……11

10.6人工扎排(筏)要求·················，，·········，，，················，，，··············，，……，，.···……，，，……11

10.7人力放排(筏)要求·······，，···································，·················，············.·...……12

10.8木排(筏)过船闸、水坝要求··························································…·…，·..……12

10.9轮拖大型木排要求··················································································.·.……12

10.10船运要求·········································，·················，，·····，·····························，，，……13

GB14192-2005

月q舀

本标准代替GB14192-1993《木材采伐运输安全通则》。

本标准与GB14192-1993相比主要变化如下:

—适用范围增加了个体经济组织;同时对弯把锯伐木、畜力集材、人力串坡和滑道集材、人力装车

等做了相应规定。

—对原标准中的重复性要求及有关技术参数进行了修订

本标准由国家安全生产监督管理局提出。

本标准由国家安全生产监督管理局归口。

本标准起草单位:国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所劳动保护研究室。

本标准主要起草人:徐克生、杜鹏东、费宏升。

本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为:

—GB14192-1993

GB14192-2005

木材采伐运输安全通则

1范围

本标准规定了木材采伐、集材、伐区归楞、伐区装车、汽车运材、森铁运材和木材水运的各项基本安

全规则和要求。

本标准适用于从事木材采伐和木材运输生产活动的企事业单位和个体经济组织。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修订单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB5768道路交通标志和标线

GB7258机动车运行安全技术条件

GB14285油锯使用安全规程

LY1117集材拖拉机使用安全规程

LY1118-1993纹盘机使用安全规程

术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准。

3.1

伐区cuttingblock(cuttingarea)

经过作业设计可以在规定时间内进行采伐作业的一个完整的森林区域。

3.2

伐木cutting

把立木从根基部锯(砍、剪)断，使其倒地的作业过程。

3.3

打枝limbing

将伐倒木上的枝丫紧贴树干表面砍(锯)掉的作业过程。

3.4

造材bucking

按一定尺寸规格，并考虑材种和树种的使用要求，把原条锯截成原木的作业过程。

3.5

集材skidding

把分散在采伐带上的原条、原木搬运到伐区楞场、推河场、装车场或运材道路旁的作业过程。

3.6

木材运翰hauling

通过森林铁路、公路、水路把原条、原木从伐区楞场、装车场或推河场运送到贮木场或用材地点的

过程。

1

GB14192-2005

4木材采伐

4.1基本要求

4.1.1采伐作业前，应按批准的伐区工艺设计进行现场检查。对危及作业安全的病腐树、枯立木、风倒

木、悬浮木、折断木等应事先清除。

4.1.2伐木工组之间应实行隔号作业。伐木与其他工序之间的作业距离不应小于70m。正在进行作

业的伐区边缘道口处应设置明显的警戒标志。

4.1.3不允许用树推树或连倒砸树的方法伐木。

4.1.4恶劣天气，如风力在5级以上、大雨、大雪、浓雾，能见度不足50m时，不应进行伐木作业。

4.1.5在木材易发生滚落、窜动危险和18“以上的陡坡上，伐木工组之间、伐木与集材作业之间应隔号

作业，不应同坡上下垂直作业。伐木与打枝、造材作业之间应保持70m以上的安全距离。

4.1.6伐木