GA/T 620-2006 消防职业安全与健康

ICS13.220.01

C806:

中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准

GA/T620-2006

消防职业安全与健康

Firedepartmentoccupationalsafetyandhealth

2006-04-28发布2006-06-01实施

中华人民共和国公安部发布

GA/T620-2006

目次

目}舀····……‘····································································，················，··········……V

引言·····-·······，··，，，，····‘、··，··，，··，··，·，，·····‘·······，·······，····，，，，，·······……4

1范围····-··，·············，·················、、································，···················，，········……1

2规范性引用文件······················································.········.·……1

3术语和定义···················································，，···············，············……，..········……2

4职业安全与健康管理·····，·4‘·····，·····1··········4.，，，··········一，二，.·…，，，.3

4.1总则，················，················，····································，················，·，········……3

4.2机构和职责···································································-··························……4

4.3风险管理计划··························-··」·······························.················.···········……4

4‘4记录······························“······，···“‘············‘·············“‘……4

4.5事故调查与处理··，·····················、··························，，·-·、·，··················……4

5训练和教育································，··················，·············································……5

5.1总则·····················，·············································································……5

5.2训练安全教育······················，·················」·········.·……，··...……5

5.3训练安全措施··········、·‘···········，，·············，··················..·.····························……5

5.4训练前准备·················································，··················，，····.··……5

5.5体能训练··············，················，，·························.··········……，…5

5.6登高训练······························································.·.·················..·······……6

5.7实战演练·············-·············，，，································，·········‘····················一·6

6消防车辆···············，·，··············，，······························································……6

6.1总则··································································································……6

6.2驾驶员··············-·················」······························，，，··························……6

6.3行车安全1·】····，···，·-···】】·······，，·····】1····，，，，，，···1···一，，，.，········一，，.······……6

6.4操作安全························································································，········……7

6.5车载装备··············-····················································································……8

6.6维护保养············，·············，··································，···························……吕

7消防船····“··」···，·····“‘·······················，·········-······……8

7.1总则·················，··································，·············，························，，·······……8

7.2操作驾驶人员························································.·...········.·······……9

了.3航行安全·······················，·························，···········································……9

8消防航空器·······································-·········································……9

8.1总则，··、············，···························，，··············，，，···········，，··，····……9

8.2驾驶员··················，························································，·························……9

8.3飞行安全································································································…9

9消防员个人防护装备···-·········4·····」·························.···.·················.·..····……9

9.1总则··············，············，····················，············，·········‘·······，一，.·······……，

9.2防护服装································，-························································……10

l

GA/T620-2006

9.3呼吸保护装备·····1·········1·············1··…，···】·····11

9.4头部保护装备···················，········，，··································，，············-··········一·12

9.5手、脚部保护装备··············································……、...···.·……12

9.6消防用防坠落装备···，·····················，.···········一·，13

9.7消防员呼救器·············，，··············，，····················，·············，·，············...······……13

9.8退役和报废··································，·································，，·······，··············……13

10灭火救援作业··········，···········································································.·.……，…13

lo'l总则·····································，·····································，························……13

10.2现场总指挥的安全管理职责···········，，·······“、················、·········，········‘····，····……14

10.3风险管理·································，·················，·，········……，，，，·.·········……，····……14

10.4基本要求·················································，···································，······……14

10.5现场安全员·········-··················，，··················.·...·.··············.········.……，.……14

10.6现场侦察······························，·····························“····，，···············.·····，···……l5

10.7行动展开·····，·········，················，·，，，···········、············4························，·……15

10.8火场供水·································，·························································……，，，.16

10.9水枪阵地··················································，··············································……16

10.10射水作业···········-········································，······················..·······……，……16

10.11现场破拆，··········，···················4·········，···‘·······，……16

10.12特勤作业········，···，··································································……，，……16

10.13水上灭火救援作业······································.··············……17

10.14航空灭火救援作业·，，······，········.，················.·.，··.········……，，……，……，，…17

10.15紧急撤退，···1···二··，·，·，，············，········，，···········11，···，······，，一17

10.16核查清点，··················································，·················，······.············，···..·.··…18

10.17现场医疗救护··············································.·...·······……，·········……18

10.18暴露事件处置······，···································-····················，·········…18

10.19身体恢复卜，，·······二，，，，，，······111，··，，·····】····1·············-·······卜·…，二，，…，…18

10.2。作业后分析··········、······················································，·············……，··..·……19

11消防站···，，·············-·············，·····，···········································，····················……19

11.1安全要求············，··，······················，·············，·····································，······……19

11,2检查和维护·，··············，·····························，··，··‘·，····，········.·...……，，.……19

12医疗卫生·······，········，··················，··················································-，·······……19

12.1体格和健康··········，··································································.··-……，19

12.2医疗机构和人员·····················‘·····················.·.·············.··············……，……20

12,3医疗急救培训········，，，··············，···，，·······一，……，…20

12.4饮食卫生················，，····························」··················.··············……，.，，…，··…20

12.5传染病防治··············································································……，……20

12.6职业病防治·······································································.·……20

12.7心理健康···············，·······························，，···················，···············，···……21

12.8健康档案···············，，，···············································，··············，，·，，，·……21

12.9保险··············，···，·······················································，··············，······……21

附录A(规范性附录)消防组织风险管理计划············，···········································……22

R

GA/T620-2006

附录B(规范性附录)正压式消防空气呼吸器的检查和维护··················一24

附录C(规范性附录)现场作业区域划分·······································……26

附录D(规范性附录)化学危险品事故现场处置防护等级··················……27

附录E(资料性附录)核查清点·························..····················……28

附录F(资料性附录)消防中队医疗器械和药物配置标准·················……29

附录G(规范性附录)医疗救护···············································……30

参考文献·········································.··……32

GA/T620-2006

月U舀

本标准参考了美国消防协会标准NFPA1500消《防职业安全与健康》(2002版)。

本标准的附录A,附录B、附录C、附录D,附录G为规范性附录，附录E、附录F为资料性附录。

本标准由公安部消防局提出。

本标准由全国消防标准化技术委员会第九分技术委员会归口

本标准由北京市公安局消防局起草。

本标准主要起草人:骆原、崔荣华、胡锐、陈国良、王鹏翔、赵英然、袁春、曹建旺、孙文中、谭林峰、

于永林、李跃生、李翔、李建春、张建国、郭晓峰、庞淑芹

本标准为首次发布。

GA/T620-2006

引台

随着社会经济的发展，我国消防组织的职责从火灾扑救扩展到执行抢险救援任务和提供社会服务

等诸多方面。随着消防服务范围的逐步扩大，消防员所承担的职业安全风险也不断增多，作为一个频繁

从事高危作业的群体，他们在执行火灾扑救和抢险救援任务以及日常训练时不得不经常和高温、有毒烟

气、有毒危险品、有坍塌危险的建筑物、爆炸物等危险源发生频繁接触，很容易发生伤残事故和患各类职

业病。我国消防组织急需有一部行业性职业安全与健康标准，为消防员的人身安全、装备安全提供科学

的管理体系和规范性的技术指导，以促进消防组织的稳定和战斗力的提高

制定本标准的目的是为了在消防组织的训练、灭火、抢险救援及特殊行动中引进预防为主的管理理

念，消除各种事故和疾病隐患，严格控制风险，减少、防止意外事故的发生，降低消防员伤残和患职业病

的可能性，同时为消防员个人及群体的健康管理提供n]遵循的制度和准则

本标准兼顾了我国现役制公安消防部队和非现役制消防队伍的实际情况和特点.与公安消防部队

已下达或颁布的安全与健康管理规章制度协调一致。

GA/T620-2006

消防职业安全与健康

范围

本标准规定了消防职业安全与健康的术语和定义，辨识了消防组织在日常训练和进行灭火救援作

业时可能遭遇的危险因素，并针对这些危险因素提出了相应的预防和控制措施，同时也为消防组织的群

体及个人健康的管理提出了方案和要求

本标准适用于公安消防部队在从事日常训练、火灾扑救、抢险救援、紧急事件处理以及其他相关活

动时的职业安全与健康管理，地方政府专职消防队、企业专职消防队、民间消防组织和消防保安队等其

他形式的消防组织可参照执行

本标准包含了消防职业安全与健康管理的最低要求，鼓励消防组织在采用本标准时按比本标准更

高的要求执行

规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有

的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究

是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准

GB3836.3爆炸性气体环境用电气设备第3部分增安型+e;

GB6246有衬里消防水带性能要求和试验方法

GB7000.13手提灯安全要求

GB7956消防车消防性能要求和试验方法

GB8181消防水枪

GB8982医用氧

GB/T12553消防船消防性能要求和试验方法

G曰T1618。职7一工伤与职业病致残程度鉴定

GB/T17906液压破拆工具通用技术条件

GB/T18664呼吸防护用品的选择、使用与维护

GA6消防员灭火防护靴

GA7消防手套

GA1。消防员灭火防护服

GA44消防头盔

GA88消防隔热服性能要求及试验方法

GA124正压式消防空气呼吸器

GA137消防梯通用技术条件

GA138消防斧

GA401消防员呼救器

GA494消防用防坠落装备

GA621消防员个人防护装备配备标准

GA622消防特勤队(站)装备配备标准

MTR67隔蜘才不压氢气砰吸器

GA/T620-2006

术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准。

3.1

消防组织firefightingorganization

实施灭火战斗、抢险救援、社会服务和其他相关活动的各级公安消防部队、地方政府专职消防队、企

业专职消防队、民间消防组织和消防保安队的统称。

3.2

消防员fireman

隶属于消防组织，履行消防组织的职责和任务的人员。

3.3

风险risk

危险性事件发生的可能性及其对人员和财产造成的损伤或损害严重度的结合。

3.4

风险管理riskmanagement

为了最大限度的减少风险对某个机构的有害影响，对该机构的资源和活动进行策划、组织、指导和

控制的过程。

3.5

i)11练安全员trainingsafetyobserver

由训练指挥官指定，负责观察训练现场的安全状态、对受训人员实施安全保护措施的人员。

3.6

现场安全员incidentsafetyobserver

由现场总指挥指定，负责观察灭火救援现场的安全状态，为现场作业人员提供安全保障的人员。

3.7

退役retirement

对于安全技术性能不符合执勤训练和灭火救援工作的要求，但具备展示、教学价值的装备的处理

方式

3.8

报废end-of-lifedisposal

对于安全技术性能既不符合执勤训练和灭火救援工作的要求，又不具备展示、教学价值，维修成本

接近装备原值或经过维修仍不能保证安全使用性能必须作解体销毁或原材料回收的装备的处理方式。

3.9

暴露exposure

人员、动物、环境和设备与危险品接触并受到危险品侵害的过程。暴露的严重程度取决于暴露持续

的时间和危险品的浓度

3.10

危险源hazard

可能导致伤害、疾病、财产损失、环境破坏或这些情况组合的根源或状态。

3.11

危险区hazardzone

直接环绕事件发生现场的区域，这个区域的范围应足以防止区域内的危险源对该区域以外的人员

造成不利影响。区域的外围线为作业线，只有参与事件处理行动、且佩戴有全套防护装备的人员才能进

人这个区域口

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3.12

安全区safezone

直接环绕危险区的区域，该区域内的人员和装备为进人危险区的人员提供支援区域的外围线为

安全线，区域中设有进人危险区的通道人口以及人员和装备的洗消站。进人此区域的仅限于与事件处

理有关的人员，且佩戴有适当的防护装备。

3.13

苦戒区limitedaccesszone

直接环绕安全区的区域，现场指挥部、休息区建立在此区域内。区域的外围线为警戒线，用以控制

无关人员进人现场。

3.14

事件incident

导致或可能导致事故的情况。

3.15

事故accident

造成死亡、疾病、伤害、损坏或其他损失的意外情况。

3.16

现场总指挥incidentcommander

负责总体指挥某个紧急事件处理的公安消防总(支、大)队值班首长或者到场的最高首长

3.17

紧急撤退emergencyretreat

在危险区内作业的消防员收到紧急撤退信号后立即停止所有正在进行的作业，选择最有利路线迅

速撤退至安全区的过程

3.18

核查清点personnelaccountability

作业前、作业中和作业后确认参与现场作业人员的数量、位置和职责的过程

3.19

有限空间confinedspace

存在危险源(包括危险品、有害气体、含氧量不足的空气环境等)、人口狭小且内部空间受到限制和

约束的封闭、半封闭设备、设施及场所。

3.20

院前处理pre-hospitalcare

在到达医院前对受到意外伤害的伤员或危重病人采取的急救措施，目的是减少伤残或痛苦，为进一

步救治奠定基础。

职业安全与健康管理

4.1总则

4.1.1消防组织应书面规定其组织结构、成员资格、所承担的任务和职责，授权可以实施的行动范围以

及训练要求等。

4.1.2消防组织应制定各类事故的处置预案和在事故现场采用的标准化操作规程并定期加以修订

完善。

4.1.3消防组织应为其所有成员提供职业安全与健康保障。

4.1.4消防组织应把预防和减少消防员意外事故、伤害、职业病的发生列为其重要目标和任务

4.1.5消防组织应辨识消防员可能遭遇的风险因素，制定并贯彻执行相应的职业安全与健康管理规章

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制度。

4.1.6消防组织应向消防员提供与其所承担的职责和任务相配合的职业安全与健康教育和技能培训，

使消防员树立风险意识，提高自我保护能力。

4.1.7消防组织应遵守所有涉及消防员职业安全与健康的现行法律和法规。

4.1.8消防组织的所有成员应自觉服从职业安全与健康管理。

4.2机构和职责

4.2.1消防组织的主管领导应统一负责职业安全与健康的管理工作。

4.2.2消防组织应指定下属职能部门或人员具体承担职业安全与健康的管理工作，其主要职责包括:

a)制定和贯彻执行职业安全与健康管理规章制度和标准化操作规程，检查和监督其实施效果，并

将结果上报消防组织主管领导;

b)制定和实施促使消防组织达到本标准各项要求的职业安全与健康年度工作计划，并且每年对

消防组织达到本标准要求的程度进行检查和评估;

c)制定和贯彻执行风险管理计划，评估其有效性，并定期加以修订完善;

d)制定和贯彻执行标准化的事故调查与处理程序;

e)制定和贯彻纠正和预防措施，防止事故的重复发生;

f)向消防员提供与其所承担的职责和任务相配合的职业安全与健康教育并进行考核;

9)向消防组织主管领导提交关于职业安全与健康的建议和意见;

h)负责与职业安全与健康管理工作有关的通知、联络、沟通和协调事宜。

4.3风险管理计划

4.3.1风险管理计划由消防组织的职业安全与健康管理部门负责制定、实施、评估和定期修订。风险

管理计划的内容、制定步骤和工作例表见附录A.

4.3.2消防员有责任和义务配合执行风险管理计划。

4.4记录

4.4.1消防组织应建立独立的数据记录系统，并应永久性保存所有的意外事故、伤害、疾病、传染病记

录或与工作有关的死亡事故记录。

4.4.2消防组织应为每个成员建立和保存一份永久性的健康档案。

4.4.3消防组织应为每个成员建立训练记录，此记录应包含训练日期、训练科目、完成情况等内容。

4.4.4消防组织应为所有用于紧急行动或训练的车辆和装备建立检查、保养、维修和服务记录。

4.4.5消防组织应保存个人防护装备的定期检查和测试记录。

4.4.6消防组织应保存对消防站设施的定期检查记录。

4.4.7消防组织应记录和保存为消除安全和健康隐患或纠正不安全作业行为而采取的措施和提出的

建议。

4.4.8消防组织应记录和保存为实施安全和健康操作规程和事故预防方案而采取的措施和提出的

建议。

4.4.9职业安全与健康管理部门应至少每年向消防组织主管领导提交一份关于消防组织事故、职业性

伤害、疾病、死亡和暴露的情况报告。

4.5事故调查与处理

4.5.1消防职业安全与健康管理部门应调查所有的职业性伤害、疾病、暴露和死亡事故或其他涉及消

防组织成员的潜在危险情况，并应调查所有与消防车辆、装备和消防站设施有关的事故。调查记录应依

照本标准4.4的要求存档

4.5.2消防职业安全与健康管理部门应制定事故上报和调查规程，并定期进行复核。

4.5.3消防职业安全与健康管理部门应根据事故调查报告提出纠正和预防措施，并上报消防组织主管

领导。

GA/T620-2006

5训练和教育

51总则

5.1.1消防员应接受与其所承担的职责和任务相适应的安全教育，并应接受考核评估。未达到要求的

消防员不允许参与执行灭火救援任务。

5.1.2消防员应掌握配发的个人防护装备的适用范围、操作规程、维护保养方法、退役和报废标准。

5.1.3消防员应掌握人员核查清点操作程序，并接受训练。