GB/T 28589-2024 地理信息 定位服务

ICS

07.040

CCS

A75

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

代替GB/T28589—2012

地理信息定位服务

Geographicinformation—Positioningservices

（ISO19116:2019，IDT）

2024-09-29发布2025-04-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

引言

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Ⅳ

1

范围

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2

规范性引用文件

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3

术语和定义

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1

4

符号、缩略语、前序版本兼容性、UML标记和UML包

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5

4.1

符号和缩略语

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5

4.2

前序版本兼容性

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6

4.3

UML标记

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4.4

UML包

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5

一致性

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5.1

概述

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5.2

一致性要求

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5.3

要求条款的结构

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6

定位服务模型

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6.1

概述

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6.2

定位服务的静态数据结构

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6.3

定位服务的基本信息和扩展信息

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7

基本信息的定义和描述

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7.1

概述

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11

7.2

系统信息

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7.3

时段信息

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7.4

观测信息

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7.5

质量信息

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7.6

定位服务操作

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8

定位结果的可靠性

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8.1

概述

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8.2

可靠性模型

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9

特定技术信息

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9.1

概述

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9.2

操作条件

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9.3

原始测量数据

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附录A（规范性）一致性

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A.1

概述

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Ⅰ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

A.2

概念模型的一致性

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35

A.3

定位服务要求的一致性

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36

A.4

定位服务操作的一致性

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36

附录B（资料性）定位服务的准确度报告

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B.1

概述

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B.2

数据质量子元素描述符的结构

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B.3

推广到数据集准确度

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39

附录C（资料性）定位服务概述

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41

C.1

概述

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C.2

定位服务流程

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附录D（资料性）GNSS操作条件

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D.1

概述

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D.2

GNSS的操作条件

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D.3

GNSS的计算条件

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D.4

测量条件

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D.5

原始测量数据

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附录E（资料性）可靠性评价方法

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E.1

概述

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E.2

定位服务的评价方法

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E.3

时段相关属性的评价方法─采集时间

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E.4

观测相关属性的评价方法

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E.5

质量相关属性的评价方法

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51

E.6

计算可靠性程度

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附录F（资料性）扩展定位服务结果的实例

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F.1

概述

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F.2

定位结果的类别

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附录G（资料性）用例

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G.1

背景

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G.2

关键问题

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G.3

解决方案

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G.4

实例

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参考文献

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58

Ⅱ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T28589—2012《地理信息定位服务》，与GB/T28589—2012相比，除结构调

整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了UML模型（见4.3、4.4、6.2、第7章和9.2，2012年版的5.2、5.3、6.2、6.3.1、第7章和

8.2.1），兼顾了与模型相关的概念、与其他标准的一致性，以及特定技术内容与抽象模型之间

的独立性；

b）更改了术语条目（见第3章），与其他现行标准进行了统一，删除了未使用的术语条目（见

2012年版的4.7、4.8、4.9、4.14、4.22和4.28）；

c）

删除了缩略语“NADyy”的定义，增加了缩略语“URI”的定义（见4.1）；

d）增加了关于前序版本兼容性的说明（见第4章）；

e）增加了关于文件定义的一致性类别和一致性要求的说明（见第5章）；

f）在定位服务模型的基本信息中增加了观测信息（见6.1、7.1和7.4），删除了“PS_参照模式”

类及其UML模型（见2012年版的7.4.2.3）；

g）在定位服务模型中增加了一套方便使用的结构（见第8章）；

h）将面向GNSS平台的操作条件的“专门技术信息”更改为特定技术信息框架，使其支持更广泛

的定位系统框架（见第9章，2012年版的第8章）。

本文件等同采用ISO

19116:2019《地理信息定位服务》。

本文件做了下列编辑性改动：

—替换了大地高和重力高的字母符号（见3.11）；

—更改了资料性附录。增加了“定位服务概述”（见附录C）；增加了“GNSS操作条件”（见

附录D）；增加了“可靠性评价方法”（见附录E）；增加了“扩展定位服务结果的实例”

（见附录F）；增加了“用例”资料性附录（见附录G）；删除了资料性附录“本标准中类名

的中英文对照”（见2012年版的附录NA）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国自然资源部提出。

本文件由全国地理信息标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC230）归口。

本文件起草单位：武汉大学、国家基础地理信息中心、自然资源部测绘标准化研究所、清华大学、

北京百度网讯科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：李霖、朱海红、左辛凯、李思宇、王舒曼、黄全义、郭建坤、张莹、刘小强、

尹彤、张传明、郭际明。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

—

2012年首次发布为GB/T28589—2012；

—

本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

引言

定位服务是ISO19119定义的处理类服务之一。处理类服务包括面向计算的和面向模型域元素操作

的服务，不包括直接集成在模型域本身的服务。本文件对定位服务进行了定义和描述。

定位服务利用多种类型的技术，为各种应用提供位置以及与位置相关的信息，如图1所示。虽然这

些定位技术在很多方面有所区别，但其中一些重要的信息项和操作是通用的，例如定位数据、观测时间

和准确度等，这些通用的信息项和操作被广泛地应用于相关领域。此外，还有一些仅用于特定定位技术

的信息项和操作，例如信号强度、几何因子和原始观测值，这些特定信息项可能有助于正确地使用定位

结果。因此，本文件规定了适用于各类定位服务的通用数据元和与特定定位技术相关的特定数据元。

图1定位服务概述

现代电子定位技术能快速准确地测量地球表面或近地空间位置的坐标，从而使地理信息系统能存储

和表达任意对象。然而，定位技术既没有表达位置信息的通用结构，也没有表达准确度和可靠性的通用

结构。本文件规定的定位服务接口提供了多种数据结构和操作，使空间定向系统能够以更高的效率和互

操作性使用定位技术。

Ⅳ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

地理信息定位服务

1范围

本文件规定了位置提供设备和位置使用设备之间的通信接口的数据结构及内容，提供了集成多种非

特定定位技术获取可靠位置信息的方法，描述了位置使用设备通过通信接口获取并明确解译位置信息的

路径，给出了一种用以确定定位结果信息是否满足预期用途的可靠性度量方法。

本文件适用于以位置信息为核心的多种应用，例如测量、导航、智能交通系统（intelligenttrans﹘

portationsystems，ITS）和基于位置的服务（location﹘basedservices，LBS）。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

ISO19103地理信息概念模式语言（Geographicinformation—Conceptualschemalanguage）

注：GB/T35647—2017地理信息概念模式语言（ISO19103:2015，IDT）

ISO19107地理信息空间模式（Geographicinformation—Spatialschema）

注：GB/T23707—2009地理信息空间模式（ISO19107:2003，IDT）

ISO19111地理信息基于坐标的空间参照（Geographicinformation—Referencingbycoordin﹘

ates）

注：GB/T30170—2013地理信息基于坐标的空间参照（ISO19111:2007，IDT）

ISO19115﹘1地理信息元数据第1部分：基础（Geographicinformation—Metadata—Part1:

Fundamentals）

注：GB/T19710.1—2023地理信息元数据第1部分：基础（ISO19115﹘1:2014，MOD）

ISO19157地理信息数据质量（Geographicinformation—Dataquality）

注：GB/T21336.1—2023地理信息数据质量第1部分：总体要求（ISO19157﹘1:2023，MOD）

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

绝对准确度absoluteaccuracy

外符合准确度

externalaccuracy

报告的坐标值与真值或可接受值的接近程度。

注：在坐标真值不完全已知的情况下，通常通过与最能被接受为真值的有用值比较来测试准确度。

[来源：ISO/TS

19159﹘2:2016，4.1，有修改]

3.2

准确度accuracy

测试结果或测量结果与真值之间的接近程度。

注：对定位服务来说，测试结果是被测值的集合或一个被测值。

[来源：GB/T3358.2—2009，3.3.1，有修改]

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