GB/T 47748-2026 起重机械 钢结构焊接技术规范

ICS53.020.20

CCSJ80

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T47748—2026

起重机械钢结构焊接技术规范

Liftingappliances—Technicalspecificationsforweldingofsteelstructures

2026⁃07⁃02发布2027⁃02⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

国家标准化管理委员会发布

GB/T47748—2026

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································2

4符号、代号和缩略语···································································································2

5材料·······················································································································2

5.1钢材分组···········································································································2

5.2焊接材料···········································································································3

6焊接接头设计···········································································································4

6.1基本要求···········································································································4

6.2接头标注···········································································································4

7焊接工艺评定···········································································································4

8焊接制作·················································································································4

8.1焊接工艺文件·····································································································4

8.2钢材准备···········································································································5

8.3焊接材料准备·····································································································5

8.4焊接设备···········································································································6

8.5焊接环境···········································································································6

8.6焊接接头装配·····································································································7

8.7引弧板、引出板和衬垫···························································································8

8.8定位焊··············································································································8

8.9最小角焊缝尺寸··································································································8

8.10焊缝穿越孔·······································································································9

8.11预热和道间温度控制···························································································9

8.12焊接工艺及过程要求···························································································9

8.13焊接后热··········································································································9

8.14焊后热处理·····································································································10

8.15焊缝的处理·····································································································10

8.16机器人焊接·····································································································11

8.17窄间隙焊接·····································································································11

8.18激光焊接········································································································11

8.19管焊接···········································································································11

8.20塞焊··············································································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T47748—2026

8.21螺柱焊···········································································································11

8.22焊接过程的变形控制·························································································11

8.23焊缝焊接缺陷修复····························································································12

9变形矫正···············································································································12

10检测方法··············································································································13

10.1基本要求········································································································13

10.2焊缝外观检测··································································································13

10.3焊缝无损检测··································································································13

10.4返修焊缝检测··································································································13

参考文献····················································································································14

表1起重机械常用钢材分组···························································································2

表2焊前打磨工艺要求·································································································5

表3板材装配后接头坡口尺寸允许偏差············································································7

表4管材装配后接头坡口尺寸允许偏差············································································7

表5引弧板与引出板规格······························································································8

表6最小角焊缝尺寸····································································································8

表7焊后焊缝处理工艺·······························································································10

表8起重机械各类焊缝推荐使用的无损检测方法······························································13

Ⅱ

GB/T47748—2026

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国起重机械标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC227）归口。

本文件起草单位：上海振华重工（集团）股份有限公司、北京起重运输机械设计研究院有限公司、

中联重科股份有限公司、上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院有限公司、太原重工股份有限公司、大连

华锐重工集团股份有限公司、河南卫华重型机械股份有限公司、青岛海西重机有限责任公司、河南省矿

山起重机有限公司、抚顺永茂建筑机械有限公司、北京科正平工程技术检测研究院有限公司、杭州江河

机电装备工程有限公司、山东丰汇设备技术有限公司、法兰泰克重工股份有限公司、杭州国电机械设计

研究院有限公司、南京市特种设备安全监督检验研究院、南京航空航天大学、纽科伦（新乡）起重机有限

公司、浙江省特种设备科学研究院、中铁宝桥集团有限公司、中建钢构股份有限公司、中铁重工有限公

司、中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司、中铁七局集团武汉工程有限公司、河南新科起重机股份有限公司、

中铁建大桥工程局集团靖江重工有限公司、中铁二十五局集团有限公司、阿尔法起重机有限公司、中铁

山桥集团有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：包孔、叶勇、张培、葛辰宇、林夫奎、王莲芳、顾福明、秦朔丽、刘献峰、张南南、

韩红安、丁天波、姬宏贇、闫利军、贾华龙、隋毅松、韩吉超、袁秀峰、王敏、庆光蔚、陈军、王松华、余锋、

邓德员、李潭、朱烜、黄卓恒、蔡晓杰、吴小雨、卿德文、徐坤、郭强、乔炳真、朱勇、赫哲、高丽彬、田小林。

Ⅲ

GB/T47748—2026

起重机械钢结构焊接技术规范

1范围

本文件规定了起重机械钢结构焊接的材料、焊接接头设计、焊接工艺评定、焊接制作和变形矫正的

要求，并描述了焊缝检测方法。

本文件适用于钢材厚度不小于3mm的起重机械钢结构的焊接（包括焊条电弧焊、埋弧焊、熔化极

气体保护电弧焊、钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊、气电立焊和激光焊等焊接方法）。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T324焊缝符号表示法

GB/T985.1气焊、焊条电弧焊、气体保护焊和高能束焊的推荐坡口

GB/T985.2埋弧焊的推荐坡口

GB/T985.3铝及铝合金气体保护焊的推荐坡口

GB/T3323（所有部分）焊缝无损检测射线检测

GB/T3375焊接术语

GB/T3811起重机设计规范

GB/T3965熔敷金属中扩散氢测定方法

GB/T5313厚度方向性能钢板

GB/T6974.1起重机术语第1部分：通用术语

GB/T7247.1激光产品的安全第1部分：设备分类和要求

GB9448焊接与切割安全

GB/T14977热轧钢板表面质量的一般要求

GB/T15579（所有部分）弧焊设备

GB/T18851（所有部分）无损检测渗透检测

GB/T19418钢的弧焊接头缺陷质量分级指南

GB/T19866焊接工艺规程及评定的一般原则

GB/T26951焊缝无损检测磁粉检测

GB/T37400.3—20193

重型机械通用技术条件第部分：焊接件

GB/T39255焊接与切割用保护气体

GB/T41984电弧螺柱焊工艺方法

GB50017钢结构设计标准

GB50661钢结构焊接规范

JB/T10559起重机械无损检测钢焊缝超声检测

JB/T14449起重机械焊接工艺评定

1

GB/T47748—2026

3术语和定义

GB/T3375、GB/T6974.1、GB/T19866和JB/T14449界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本

文件。

3.1

后热post⁃heating

焊接后立即对焊件的全部（或局部）进行加热或保温，使其缓冷的工艺措施。

[来源：GB/T3375—1994，2.109，有修改]

3.2

焊后热处理postweldheattreatment

焊接后为改善焊接接头的组织和性能或消除残余应力而进行的热处理。

3.3

焊接缺陷welddefect

在焊接过程中因焊接产生的超过规定限值的金属不连续、不致密或连接不良的现象。

3.4

临时焊缝temporaryweld

焊接过程中用于临时固定构件的短焊缝。

4符号、代号和缩略语

JB/T14449界定的符号、代号和缩略语适用于本文件。

5材料

5.1钢材分组

5.1.1起重机械常用钢材分组见表1。

表1起重机械常用钢材分组

钢材

钢材标称屈服强度R/MPa钢材牌号举例钢材牌号对应标准

组别eL

20GB/T699、GB/T8162

GB/T700、GB/T3274、

ⅠR≤290Q235

eL